Learning & Memory

Two-year-old Jia tells her grandmother that she “sweeped” the floor yesterday. The scenario illustrates that children

A group of brain cells seems to provide a basis for observational learning. Researchers call these specialized cells

Learning that some responses, but not others, will be reinforced is called

Compared with unconscious information processing, conscious information processing is relatively

An inability to retrieve information learned in the past is called

In classical conditioning, the NS becomes a __ after it signals the impending occurrence of the

A brain tumor that results in obesity would most likely be located in the

Damage to the ___ would most likely interfere with a person's memory of how to play the piano.

Stress hormones provoke the ___ to initiate a memory trace in the frontal lobes & basal ganglia

Memory of ur familiar old e-mail password may block recall of ur new password; this illustrates

Brain damage that leaves a person capable of understanding speech but no ability to produce speech, indicates injury of

All human languages have several basic sounds in common called

Resistance to extinction is most strongly encouraged by ________ reinforcement.

The persistence of learning over time most clearly depends on

Implicit memory is to explicit memory as _____ is to _____.

Bats need a lot of sleep becuz their high waking metabolism produces _______ that are toxic to neurons

John B. Watson considered himself to be a(n)

Both classical and operant conditioning are forms of

B.F. Skinner's work elaborated what E.L. Thorndike had called

Loss of an encoded memory as a result of gradual fading of physical memory trace illustrates

B.F. Skinner's critics have claimed that he neglected the importance of the individual's

In Mary Ainsworth’s Strange Situation experiment, infants who were classified as securely attached were more likely to

Skinner developed a behavioral technology that included a procedure known as

In developmental psychology, one advantage of cross-sectional over longitudinal studies is that cross-sectional research

Which neural center in the limbic system helps process explicit memories for storage?

Primary reinforcers could best be described as

A basic assumption underlying short-term memory is that it is

Conditioning is the process of

Hypnagogic sensations are most closely associated with ____________ sleep

After long-term potentiation has occurred

The inability to recall which numbers on a dial are not accompanied by letters is due to

Based on its effects on the central nervous system, alcohol can be classified as

Echoic memory refers to

According to cognitive dissonance theory, human beings are motivated to

Storage is to encoding as _______ is to ________.

With the approach of night, our body temperatures begin to drop. This best illustrates the dynamics of the

Pets who learn the sound of electric can opener signals the arrival of  their food illustrates

A double-blind control is essential for which of the following?

A polygraph machine is often called a “lie detector,” altho it does not detect lies. Instead, it responds to changes in

Genital arousal is most likely to be associated with

10-month-old Frances throws her toy out of sight she looks 2 see where it falls. Dev. psychologists wud say Frances’

John gets out of bed & begins to sleepwalk. An EEG of his brain activity is most likely to indicate the presence of

Stimulus that acquires reinforcing power thru its association w/a primary reinforcer is called

Studies suggest that criminal behavior is most likely to be deterred by

A fixed-interval schedule of reinforcement is on in which a response is reinforced only after

Encoding verbal information semantically involves

Chunking refers to

A partial schedule that reinforces a response after an unpredictable number of responses is a

A mental image of a spatial layout is called

Abnormalities in calcium regulation are most likely to arise from problems with

The Barnum effect in psychological assessment refers to

Using rewards to bribe people to engage in an activity they already enjoy is likely to inhibit

A test that is labeled an achievement test is most likely to be given to

Our ability to learn by witnessing the behavior of others best illustrates

Which theory predicts when we will first notice a faint stimulus amid competing background stimulation?

A 40-year-old man & his 7-year-old son move to a & have to learn a new language. Compared w/his son, the man will

The area of the brain stem that is important in controlling breathing is the

George Miller proposed that about 7 information bits constitutes the capacity of _____ memory

One of the last century's most influential observers of children was Swiss biologist

The process of encoding refers to

Extinction occurs when a ____ is no longer paired with a ______

A momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli is called _______ memory.

We encode implicit memories by means of

Tendency to recall first & last items in a list better than middle items is known as __ effect.

A fixed-ratio schedule of reinforcement is one in which a response is reinforced only after a

The use of mnemonics such as the peg-word system illustrates

The neurotransmitter glutamate ____LTP & protein CREB _____ LTP.

A test has a mean of 80 w/a standard deviation of 4. Which scores is within one standard deviation of the mean?

Innate ability is to learned skill as ________ is to __________