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MD1020 weeks 1-5 Flashcards | StudBud
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MD1020 weeks 1-5
MD1020 weeks 1-5
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1
Which 3 muscles form the levator ani?
Puborectalis, pubococcygeus and iliococcygeus.
Pubococcygeus, piriformis and coccygeus.
Pubococcygeus, iliococcygeus and coccygeus.
Puborectalis, pubococcygeus and coccygeus.
2
Why is the blood-testis barrier important?
sperm & developing cells produce antigens that are recognized as foreign
immature sperm cells lose their motility when they encounter any blood
because some blood contents are toxic to the spermatozoa
the blood-testis barrier has no function
3
Which ‘acculturation outcome’ identifies people holding onto their own original culture while avoiding other cultures?
Integration
Marginalisation
Assimilation
Isolation
4
Which of the following in the most important factor that explains the large decline in Line E in Stage 2?
Improved living conditions
Decline in births
Introduction of immunisation
Improvements in hospital care
5
Australian neonates have a blood test shortly after birth to screen for which diseases?
Downs syndrome, Cushings syndrome, galactosaemia
Cystic fibrosis, Phenylketonuria, hypothyroidism
Phenylketonuria, galactosaemia, Cushings syndrome
6
Characteristics of the mature sperm include the ________.
absence of coiled mitochondria
presence of X chromosomes in all sperm
absence of an acrosome
presence of Y chromosomes in approximately half the sperm
7
Haemochromatosis is an autosomal recessive disorder which results in?
Lipid overload which damages the pancreas, gall bladder and heart
Oxygen overload which damages the lungs, kidneys and heart
Iron overload which damages the liver, heart and pancreas
Glucose overload which damages the liver, small intestine and colon
8
What is the definition of a conservative amino acid substitution?
a synonymous mutation that results in a chemically similar amino acid
a missense mutation that results in a chemically dissimilar amino acid
a missense mutation that results in a chemically similar amino acid
a non-sense mutation that results in a chemically similar amino acid
9
What tissue is shown below?
smooth muscle
compact bone
cancellous bone
hyaline cartilage
10
What is the leading cause of death for Australians?
Stroke
Ischaemic heart disease
Breast and prostate Cancer
Smoking-induced lung cancer
11
Which of the following best describe the term epidemiological transition?
A large rapid change in health status from events like war famine&epidemics
A large progressive change in causes of morbidity&mortality in a population
Changes in health status from developing different health beliefs&behaviour
Changes in the way morbidity and mortality are measured at different times
12
On a chromosome, a telomere is a region of short repetitive DNA sequences that has what function?
Spindle attachment
Protect the chromosome from deterioration & fusion with other chromosomes
Condensation of the chromosome
Anchoring of the chromosome in the nucleus
13
Which structural type of neuron is used as a somatosensory neuron by the PNS?
A multipolar neuron
A bipolar neuron
All types of neurons are used
A pseudo-unipolar neuron
14
What is the inferior attachment of the inguinal ligament?
Anterior superior iliac spine
Pubic tubercle
Ischial spine
Pubic ramus
15
What is found in the lacuna of an osteon?
Collagen fibers
A canaliculus
An osteocyte
An osteoblast
16
Phenylketonuria patients have the same quantity of enzyme as non-affected but the ____ of that enzyme is greatly reduced
tyrosine
activity
phenylalanine
temperature
17
According to the Kinsey scale, what proportion of the population would consider themselves to be exclusively homosexual?
1 in 10
1 in 6
1 in 4
1 in 8
18
What two muscles are primarily responsible for the facial expression indicated in the image?
Orbicularis oris and zygomaticus major
Buccinator and orbicularis oris
Risorius and zygomaticus major
Buccinator and orbicularis oculi
19
Which of the following is correct about autosomal recessive disorders?
All of the above
Affected children can be the result of a consanguineous marriage;
A horizontal pedigree pattern with often just one single affected person
Parents and children of affected persons are usually unaffected
20
What may best explain the change in the Queensland age-sex pyramid of 2000, covering the 39-20 year old age groups?
a)Measles immunization introduced in late 1960s
b) Availability of the contraceptive pill in the 1960s
d) Changing role of women in society
c) (b) and (d)
21
Which muscle is primarily responsible for the facial expression indicated in the image?
Platysma
Occipitofrontalis
Procerus
Corrugator supercilii
22
According to Maslow’s Hierachy of Needs pyramid, what would an individual seek after love/belonging needs are met?
Safety needs
Physiological needs
Esteem needs
Environmental needs
23
In the box titled Demographic Transition Model, which of the following best explains the change in Line B in Stage 3?
Large reduction in birth rates
Improved living conditions
Immunisation
Deterioration in the role of women
24
Which of the following bones articulate (join) with the fibula?
tibia and talus only
tibia only
femur, patella, tibia and talus only
femur and tibia only
25
Where do the skeletal (lower) motor neuronal cell bodies sit within the spinal cord?
The dorsal root
The ventral root
The ventral horn
The dorsal horn
26
Mendel's Second Law is that alleles at multiple loci assort dependently
False
True
27
Which of the following identifies the correct number of spinal nerves in each region?
C8, T12, L5, S4, Co1
C7, T12, L4, S5, Co1
C7, T14, L4, S4, Co1
C8, T12, L5, S5, Co1
28
In HH or Hh genotype an AB genotype produces an AB phenotype. In hh genotype an AB genotype produces O phenotype.This is
complete dominance
co-dominance
incomplete dominance
epistasis
29
An F1 monohybrid cross between two heterozygotes will result in an F2 generation showing which phenotypic ratio?
2:1
1:1
9:1
3:1
30
Antenatal care has reduced Low Birth Weight babies. Which element of antenatal care has the most imact on reducing this?
Pre-conception supplementation of folic acid
Early pregnancy diagnosis and confirmation of dates
Screening for trisomy 21 (Downs syndrome) & other congenital abnormalities
Care that improves maternal physical mental behavioural health & nutrition
31
The relaxation phase of a twitch is associated with which of the following cellular events?
Removal of acetylcholine from the neuromuscular junction
All of these events occur during relaxation
Re-sequestration of Ca2+ into the sarcoplasmic reticulum
Closure of the postsynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptor
32
What is Mendel's Law of Segregation?
Pairs of alleles will segregate into single separate gametes
Chromosome segregation produces haploid gametes
Homologous chromosomes always segregate into different gametes
Gametes always have a single copy of each allele
33
Which muscle can flex the neck when acting bilaterally?
Sternocleidomastoid
Suprahyoids
Trapezius
Splenius capitis
34
What is the distal attachment (insertion) of the piriformis muscle?
Sacrum
Greater trochanter of femur
Coccyx
Head of femur
35
What are the current Australian leading causes of death?
Mental illness, stroke, ischaemic heart disease
HIV, dementia, stroke
Ischaemic heart disease, dementia, accidents/injuries
ischaemic heart disease, dementia, and cerebrovascular disease
36
Which structures lie within the broad ligament of the female, providing stability to the uterus in the pelvic cavity?
The pubocervical ligaments.
The round ligament of the uterus.
The uterosacral ligaments.
The suspensory ligament of the ovary.
37
What are the 4 parts of the male urethra called (from proximal to distal)?
membranous – preprostatic – prostatic – spongy
preprostatic – prostatic – membranous – spongy
spongy – membranous – prostatic – preprostatic
preprostatic – prostatic – spongy – membranous
38
Which of the following best describes the major events in the endometrium of the secretory phase of the uterine cycle?
Ruptured blood vessels,necrosis of stroma,sloughing of stratum functionalis
Glands increase in number and length, stroma and blood vessels proliferate
Hypertrophy & hyperplasia of smooth muscle connective tissue &blood vessels
Glands dilate &coil,stroma begins decidualization,spiral arteries lengthen
39
What is a karyotype?
The mitochondrial genome
The moment of spindle attachment to the centromere
The physical appearance and structure of the chromosomes from a single cell
The entire genome of a person
40
Which structure of the testis/spermatic cord is derived from the peritoneum?
Tunica albuginea
Internal spermatic facsia
Tunica vaginalis
Cremasteric fascia
