2021 AP Euro Midterm Exam Review

Parliament brought Charles II in to briefly rule England after Cromwell. This was known as

This Calvinist religion became the official religion of Scotland

This uprising led by French nobility and perpetrated by peasants paved the way for the French monarchy toward absolutism

Diet of Worms, Augsberg Confession, Frederick of Saxony, Charles V

Art style that is a distortion of the late Italian Renaissance style. "El Greco's" works and Michelangelo's later works

Who advocated the radical reform idea of predestination-the idea that God already chose those for salvation & damnation?

Petrarch urged Italians to strive to emerge from what he called "The Dark Ages" by using this Renaissance philosophy

England switched from a Catholic nation to a Protestant nation during the reign of Henry VIII when he created

"It was partly the German heresy and partly the envoy of rival powers that prevented me from achieving my goals."

According to Machiavelli, the true purpose of government is to

Christian humanism (Biblical principles combined w/ Greco-Roman classics) was strongest in

Name the location

"A remission of the temporal punishment due to sin whose guilt has already been forgiven"

Peter the Great's policy of modeling Russian society after Europe was called

Where did Napoleon die?

Global diffusion of commodities, disease, technology, & crops that greatly impacted European and other civilizations.

______________ laid the egg that Luther hatched.

The Dutch Golden Age art style occured during what time period?

Economic policy of govt control, colonial wealth to enrich the mother country, trade balance

These members of the urban working class in Paris pushed for a more radical revolution because they felt excluded

Book of Common Prayer; Charles I; Act of Supremacy, Cavaliers vs. Roundheads

Robespierre's religion Cult of the Supreme Being, new calendar, and policies during the Reign of Terror were inspired by

Huguenots, Concordat of 1801, Edict of Nantes, Bourbon Dynasty

England became a constitutional monarchy with shared power between Parliament & monarchy under

Which phase of the French Revolution was considered the moderate phase?

What did the Peace of Westphalia (1648) accomplish?

The High Renaissance, the peak of creativity and expression, occurred

The Catholic Church's own reform meetings to internally address Luther's reform movement:

"Lord Protector of the Commonwealth." Strict Puritan who banned Christmas and fun after taking over control of England

William of Orange, canal building; center of banking and commerce; Pieter Bruegel

The hub of the Enlightenment- where many salon gatherings were held- was the city of

Generally, when did the European balance of power shift from France to Great Britain?

Invading Portugal via Spain, invading Russia, forced blockade against England- all mistakes by

Enlightened despots generally believed in all the following EXCEPT

England's Glorious Revolution in 1688 established what type of government?

What did the Edict of Nantes accomplish?

1572- violence directed at French Protestant Huguenot nobility who threatened the Catholic monarchy

What did Anabaptists believe, which caused many to be tortured and killed?

At The Council of Trent, this religious order of priests and missionaries was founded (they focused on education)

Napoleon's plan to economically strangle England through a trade blockade. It led to wars and ultimately failed

Several examples of the policy from the previous question can be found in

Art style of the wealthy, originating in France. From the term for decorative pebbles & shells

A "logical," Enlightenment view of religion. A "hands off" God who created everything like a clock maker

"The condition of man is a condition of war of everyone against everyone."

What contribution to the Scientific Revolution did Nicolaus Copernicus make?

Art style associated with the Reformation and Christian Humanism- Flanders, England, Netherlands- daily lives of people

1453 is a key date because it forces Europeans to look for new trade routes. What happened?

Spanish campaign to retake the Iberian Peninsula from Muslim Moors and create a 100% Catholic state- completed in 1492

Russia's most enlightened absolutist

Which of the following was NOT ruled by what historians call "enlightened despots?"

What role did the Medici family play in the Italian Renaissance?

Art style associated with the Age of Religious Wars and Catholic Counter Reformation

Phillip II, Reconquista, Inquisition, encomienda system, Peninsular War

Religious diversity often created internal conflict, but what country managed to achieve religious uniformity?

He was executed during the radical phase of the French Revolution

“Being all equal, govt should not harm one in his life, health, liberty, or possessions.”

In the English Civil War, the majority Puritan Roundheads supported

Henry IV converted to Catholisicm upon becoming king, and was the beginning of the

Whick of these came from the New World to the Old World in the Columbian Exchange that affected world history?

Italian Renaissance humanism stressed the importance of studying the texts and works of