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Intro to CJ Final Exam Review 1 Flashcards | StudBud
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Intro to CJ Final Exam Review 1
Intro to CJ Final Exam Review 1
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Covers chapters 8, 9, and 10
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Answers
1
The biggest drivers of rising incarceration rates in the United States are ________.
birth rates
state and federal budgets
crime rates
sentencing policies
2
Federal sentencing guidelines ________.
eliminate judicial discretion completely
do not permit departures from the guidelines
provide a range of punishments for a specific crime
tend to be uniform across states
3
As a new probation officer, the most active stage of your job will involve ________.
supervision of clients
needs assessment and diagnosis
providing investigative assistance to prosecutors
intake procedures
4
What is the main limitation of the Crime Victims' Rights Act?
The Act does not have any limitations.
It only provides rights to victims of federal crimes.
It does not give victims the legal authority
It does not require courts to ensure that victims are afforded their rights
5
If a judge requests information on a convicted defendant's background, the probation or parole office will conduct a ___
genteral deterence investigation
probation investigation
presumptive investigation
presentence investigation
6
The most important form of prosecutorial discretion lies in the power to ________.
handle matters relating to individuals who are mentally incompetent
serve as a judge of probate to oversee wills & administration of estates
test the credibility and memory of the witness
charge, or not to charge, a person with an offense
7
Which of the following is most likely to be a special condition of probation, rather than a general condition?
The probationer must remain within the jurisdiction of the court.
The probationer may not possess a firearm.
The probationer must surrender his or her driver's license.
The probationer must allow the probation officer to visit at home or work.
8
The primary purpose of a criminal trial is to ________.
determine the guilt or innocence of a defendant
ensure a defendant's rights have been safeguarded
determine if a crime has been committed
safeguard the trial system of the United States
9
The Missouri Plan is a ________.
guide to jury reform
method of judicial selection based on merit
state courts system to increase efficiency & reduce case backlog
proposed method for increasing the effectiveness of court-appointed counsel
10
American criminal trial courts operate under a structure known as ________.
the reasonable doubt doctrine
the adversarial system
presentation of evidence
jury selection
11
Which of the following is an advantage of the imposition of fines as a criminal sanction?
Fines can be made proportionate to the seriousness of the crime.
Fines can reduce offender recidivism through incapacitation.
Fines contribute to increased prison overcrowding.
Fines are expensive to administer.
12
A sentence of 8 to 15 years in prison is an example of ________ sentencing.
structured
indeterminate
consecutive
concurrent
13
What is the most common form of criminal sentencing in the United States?
Parole
Fine
Probation
Incarceration
14
Which goal of sentencing focuses on separating offenders from society to reduce opportunities for further criminality?
Incapacitation
Retribution
Deterrence
Rehabilitation
15
__ is a type of sentencing plan that allows no leeway in the imposition of a sentence for a person convicted of a crime.
Presumptive sentencing
Mandatory sentencing
Indeterminate sentencing
Truth in sentencing
16
Which of the following is a prisoner reentry strategy?
Restitution
Probation
Community service
Parole
17
Which intermediate sanction resembles a military-style boot camp?
Shock parole
Shock incarceration
Intensive supervision
Shock probation
18
The clerk of court is responsible for ________.
providing uniform court management
ensuring order in the courtroom during a trial
summoning members of the public for jury duty
creating a record of everything that occurs at a trial
19
________ involves suspending criminal proceedings before sentencing and referring the offender to a private agency.
Presentence investigation
Three-strikes
Diversion
Deterrence
20
Which of the following is a mitigating circumstance?
The offender acted under strong provocation.
The crime was committed for hire.
The offender possessed a deadly weapon during the crime.
The offender induced others to participate in the crime.
21
The ________ keeps order in the courtroom and announces the judge's entry to the courtroom.
court administrator
clerk of court
bailiff
court recorder
22
Which of the following is a characteristic of restorative justice?
Crime is seen as an act against the state and a violation of the law.
Crime has individual and social dimensions of responsibility.
Crime control is the responsibility of the criminal justice system.
Victims tend to be peripheral in the process of resolving a crime.
23
Which of the following is considered a disadvantage of probation and parole?
Increased use of community services
Relative lack of punishment
Reduced risk of criminal socialization
Increased employment
24
A subpoena ________.
results in a trial de novo
is issued by a bailiff
is a written order requiring an individual to appear in court
orders the sheriff to make an arrest
25
Jack violated a condition of his parole. This resulted in parole ________ and he was returned to prison.
desistance
revocation
reentry
restitution
26
General deterrence attempts to ________.
make the victim whole again
prevent individual offenders from engaging in future criminal acts
separate offenders to reduce opportunities for future criminality
discourage potential offenders from committing crimes
27
A defendant who is NOT indigent and who can afford private attorney fees will have which type of defense attorney?
Court-appointed counsel
Assigned counsel
A public defender
Retained counsel
28
A ________ jury is isolated from the public and removed from all outside influences.
preempted
segregated
subpoenaed
sequestered
29
The role of the ________ is to create a record of all that occurs during a trial.
clerk of court
court reporter
bailiff
court administrator
30
Which of the following is a form of structured sentencing?
Quasi-independent sentencing
Determinate sentencing
Contemporary sentencing
Indeterminate sentencing
31
Which type of indigent defense involves the use of full-time salaried state employees?
Contract attorney programs
Private counsel programs
Public defender programs
Assigned counsel
32
If the prosecutor calls a witness to the stand, who conducts the redirect examination?
The judge
The defense attorney
The prosecutor
The jury
33
What is often described as the strictest form of probation for adults in the United States?
Intensive probation supervision
Shock probation
Split probation
Concentrated probation
34
Which of the following is an advantage of intermediate sanctions?
They are socially cost-effective.
They more severely punish offenders
They are more directly related to the offense committed.
They more clearly stigmatize the offender.
35
An eyewitness who saw a crime being committed is an example of a(n) ________ witness.
known
hostile
lay
expert
36
Why was the case of
Griffin v. Wisconsin
so significant?
Because it addresses the relative lack of punishment
Because Griffin was cool
Because it extends key procedural safeguards to parolees and probationers
Because it holds that the exclusionary rule does not apply to probationers
37
The use of ________ is increasing.
reentry parole
mandatory parole
discretionary release
medical parole
38
Which of the following is considered an advantage of probation and parole?
Increased risk to the community
Restitution
Reduced opportunity for rehabilitation
Increased social costs
39
Which sanction requires that offenders serve some time in a local jail before serving a period of supervised probation?
Mixed sentence
Shock probation
Shock incarceration
Split sentence
40
Which of the following is one of the three most frequent violations for which probation or parole revocation occurs?
offender commits a new violent or property crime while under supervision
The offender abuses alcohol or drugs while under supervision.
offender leaves the jurisdiction without permission while under supervision
The offender is found in possession of a firearm while under supervision.
41
Which of the following arguments regarding the death penalty is a retentionist rationale?
Arbitrariness
Just deserts
Lack of proven deterrence
Discrimination
42
________ evidence is information having a tendency to clear a person of guilt or blame.
Exculpatory
Virtual
Direct
Real
43
Mario is a criminal attorney with a private practice and has been appointed by the court to serve as a defense attorney
private counsel
public counsel
assigned counsel
opposing counsel
44
Probation is ordered by the ________.
investigating officer
victim
parole board
court
45
Parole boards make decisions regarding ________ parole.
restitution
mandatory
statutory
discretionary
46
The defendant exercises choice in the court process in which of the following decisions?
Selecting which form of indigent defense will be provided
Deciding what plea to enter
Deciding whether to be tried in absentia
Deciding what charges will be brought
47
General conditions of probation ________.
apply to all probationers in a given jurisdiction
are tailored to the needs of the individual offender
relate mainly to military justice systems
are designed with you in mind
48
What is a hung jury?
A jury that refuses to leave after the trial ends
A jury that is unable to agree on a verdict
A jury that ignores the evidence when deciding its verdict on the case
A jury that is not impartial
49
________ hearings determine whether parolees have violated the conditions of their parole.
Imprisonment
Investigatory
Revocation
Judicial
50
What does research suggest about Serious Violent Offender Reentry Initiative (SVORI) programs?
SVORI programs appear to be ineffectual.
SVORI programs are effective at reducing post-release reincarceration.
SVORI programs are more effective at reducing reincarceration.
Participation in SVORI programs is associated with longer times to arrest.
51
The just deserts model of sentencing emphasizes ________.
retribution
restitution
restoration
the use of fines
52
________ are often considered the most forgotten people in the courtroom.
Lay witnesses
Defendants
Victims
Jurors
53
Proportionality means that ________.
similar crimes are punished with similar sentences
the offender's history should be objectively considered at sentencing
there should be a direct relationship between the punishment & crime itself
caseloads must be distributed equally among the available judges
54
According to the National Institute of Corrections, ________ had the largest impact on reducing recidivism.
substance abuse treatment in prison
cognitive-behavioral programs
vocational education in prison
treatment-oriented intensive supervision
55
Under the indeterminate sentencing model, what is the primary determinant of the amount of time served?
The leniency of the parole board
The inmate's behavior while incarcerated
The leniency of the judge
Pressure from politicians
56
Community service and home detention are examples of ________ sentencing.
determinate
alternative
concurrent
proportionate
57
Who makes the release decision when an offender is sentenced to shock parole?
The sentencing commission
The sentencing judge
The prosecutor
The parole board
58
The judge ________.
holds ultimate authority in ruling on matters of law
is responsible for presenting the state's case against the defendant
determines what charge to bring against a suspect
is responsible for testing the strength of the prosecution's case
59
George has been accused of multiple crimes. Why would the prosecutor want to try George separately on each charge?
Charging separately allows another trial on new charges if found not guilty
Trying charges separately would be bogus
Why do I care about George?
Trying charges separately would save the state considerable time and money
60
The U.S. Supreme Court has ruled that ________ must decide the facts that lead to a death sentence.
judges, not juries
high courts
appellate courts
juries, not judges
61
Offenders convicted of felonies in state court are most likely to receive which traditional sanction?
A fine
Imprisonment
Capital punishment
Probation
62
During jury selection, challenges for cause ________.
signify the belief that the juror pool is biased in some way
claim that an individual juror cannot be fair or impartial
are restricted in number by statute
do not require the attorney to give a reason for the challenge
63
A defendant who is NOT indigent and who can afford private attorney fees will have which type of defense attorney?
Assigned counsel
A public defender
Court-appointed counsel
Retained counsel
64
Which of the following is a member of the courtroom work group?
The victim
A public defender
A member of the jury
The defendant
65
According to critics of parole, why are there so many parole violations?
Prisoners are not properly reintegrated into society.
Parole officers are not adequately supervising parolees.
Parole boards are imposing too many conditions on parolees.
Parole boards are releasing large groups of offenders.
66
Research into victim-impact statements has found that ________.
juries are not required to consider victim-impact statements
they have a significant impact on judicial sentencing decision-making
sentencing decisions are rarely affected by them
oral impact statements have more impact than written documents
