The reactions of photosynthesis are divided into two categories

light-dependent reactions and light-independent reactions.

which characteristic of a phospholipid contributes to the fluidity of the membrane

double bonds in the fatty acid tails

Changing a single amino acid in a protein consisting of 325 amino acids would

always alter primary structure and sometimes affect biological function

a cation is an atom that

gives one or more electrons to another atom

mechanism for descent with modification saying organisms of a particular species adapt to their environment when they

have heritable traits that enhance their survival & reproductive success

In what important way does receptor mediated endocytosis differ from phagocytosis?

It brings in only one specifically targeted substance

Which of the following is true of osmosis?

Solutes cross membrane; go from high water concentration to low

Which statement correctly describes carbon fixation

The conversion of CO2 into an organic compound (RuBP)

How are the NADPH and G3P molecules made during photosynthesis similar

They both store energy in chemical bonds

chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b in plants:

absorb red and blue light; reflects green light

Which of the following most accurately describes selective permeability?

Only certain molecules are allowed to cross the cell membrane.

Chemiosmosis involves the movement of

hydrogen ions (protons) across a mitochondrial membrane

passive process; molecules move from concentration region - higher to lower

What component of the amino acid structure varies among different amino acids?

the components of the R-group (or variable side chain)

The partial negative charge in a molecule of water is due to

the eclectrons shared btwn O & H atoms spend more time around the O nucleus

A covalent bond is likely to be polar when

1 atom sharing electrons is more electronegative than the other atom

What do the electrons added to NAD+ do?

They go to the ETC pathway for ATP production

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Biology 1306 Dr. O'Neal - Final pt.1

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Questions 95

Answers

1
Glycolysis yields a net energy profit of ATP molecules per molecule of glucose
8
2
4
6
2
The protons (H+) needed to produce ATP in photosynthesis comes from:
CO2
sugars
oxygen
water
3
Which molecule must be regenerated within the Calvin cycle continually for the light-independent reactions to take place
3-PGA
RuBisCO
CO2
RuBP
4
Glycolysis is the only step in cellular respiration that can occur with or without oxygen being present
False
True
5
A group of the same species in the same area at the same time is a
family
ecosystem
community
population
6
Thylakoid membranes are involved in _____ synthesis
PEP
ATP
glucose
RuBP
7
Which of these classes of biological molecules does not include polymers?
lipids
nucleic acids
proteins
carbs
8
In photosynthesis, ATP and NADPH are produced during
the carbon fixation reactions
the light-independent phase
glycolysis
the light-dependent phase
9
Which of the following structures is not a component of a photosystem
ATP synthase
antenna molecule
primary electron acceptor
reaction center
10
In which compartment of the plant cell do the light independent reactions of photosynthesis take place
outer membrane
mesophyll
thylakoid
stroma
11
Each carbon molecule can bond with as many as__ other atom(s) or molecule(s).
one
four
six
two
12
The building blocks of nucleic acids are
nucleotides
sugars
nitrogenous bases
peptides
13
Through the process of chemiosmosis, ATP produced as hydrogen ions (protons) pass through
a series of electron carriers
the outer mitochondrial memebrane
ATP dehydrogenase
ATP Synthase
14
The reactions of photosynthesis are divided into two categories
dark reactions and oxygen fixation reactions.
light-independent reactions and dark reactions.
light-dependent reactions and light-independent reactions.
light-dependent reactions and citric acid cycle.
15
Select the anaerobic pathway
electron transport chain
aerobic respiration
fermentation
chemiosmosis
16
The ultimate source of energy for almost all living organisms is:
glucose
carbohydrates
the sun
lipids
17
Which of the functional groups below acts most like an acid in water?
amino
carboxyl
hydroxyl
carbonyl
18
Which of the following fermentation methods can occur in animal skeletal muscles?
mixed acid fermentation
propionic fermentation
alcohol fermentation
lactic acid fermentation
19
which characteristic of a phospholipid contributes to the fluidity of the membrane
its head
cholesterol
saturated fatty acid tail
double bonds in the fatty acid tails
20
Changing a single amino acid in a protein consisting of 325 amino acids would
always alter primary structure and sometimes affect biological function
cause the tertiary structure of the protein to unfold
alter primary structure of a protein but not tertiary structure or function
sometimes alter the biological activity or function of the protein
21
An atom has 6 protons and 8 neutrons. Its atomic mass is _____ atomic mass units
20
6
14
8
22
a cation is an atom that
gives one or more electrons to another atom
receives one or more electrons from another atom
gives all of its electrons from another atom
keeps all of its electrons from another atom
23
The main carbon source for carbon fixation comes from ______
other plants
methane
dead organic material
co2
24
Which of the following components is not used by both plants and cyanobacteria to carry out photosynthesis?
chloroplasts
water
chlorophyll
carbon dioxide
25
Which of the following is a characteristic of saturated fatty acids
They have a high melting point and are solid at room temperature
All of the above.
They do not contain double bonds.
They are mostly animal fats.
26
mechanism for descent with modification saying organisms of a particular species adapt to their environment when they
have noninheritable traits that enhance survival & reproductive success
have heritable traits decrease survival & reproductive succes
have heritable traits that enhance their survival & reproductive success
have noninheritable traits that enhance survival
27
In what important way does receptor mediated endocytosis differ from phagocytosis?
It brings substances into the cell, while phagocytosis removes substances
It does not involve the pinching off of membrane
It brings in only one specifically targeted substance
it transports only small amounts of fluid
28
Which of the following is true of osmosis?
Solutes cross membrane; go from low water concentration to high
It only takes place in red blood cells.
It is an energy-demanding or "active" process.
Solutes cross membrane; go from high water concentration to low
29
At the end of glycolysis, what product is made?
OADP
Pyruvate
acetyl-CoA
FADH2
30
Which statement correctly describes carbon fixation
production of carbohydrate molecules from G3P
the use of ATP and NADPH to reduce CO2
The conversion of CO2 into an organic compound (RuBP)
The use of RuBisCO to form 3-PGA
31
The electron transport chain (ETC) is responsible for creating the majority of ATP during cellular respiration.
True
False
32
How are the NADPH and G3P molecules made during photosynthesis similar
They are both end products of photosynthesis
They both store energy in chemical bonds
They are both produced from carbon dioxide
They are both substrates for photosynthesis
33
Ribulose biphosphate is synthesized from
ATP
NADP
pyruvate
G3P
34
chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b in plants:
transmits red and blue light and absorbs green light
absorb red and blue light; reflects green light
reflect red and blue light, and absorbs green light
transmits red and blue light and reflects green light
35
Which of the following most accurately describes selective permeability?
There must be concentration gradient for molecules to pass through membrane
Lipid-soluble molecules pass through a membrane.
Only certain molecules are allowed to cross the cell membrane.
An input of energy is required for transport.
36
The protons (H +) needed to produce ATP in photosynthesis comes from:
sugars
co2
water
oxygen
37
Chemiosmosis involves the movement of
electrons across the cell membrane
glucose across the cell membrane
hydrogen atoms across a mitochondrial membrane
hydrogen ions (protons) across a mitochondrial membrane
38
The light-independent reactions (dark reactions) are responsible for glucose during photosynthesis
False
True
39
Dehydration reactions (a.k.a condensation reactions) lead to formation of
polymers
monomers
water and bonds
none of the above
40
Diffusion
requires an expenditure of energy by the cell
is very rapid over long distances
passive process; molecules move from concentration region - higher to lower
requires integral proteins in the cell membrane
41
What component of the amino acid structure varies among different amino acids?
the long carbon-hydrogen tails of the molecule
the glycerol molecule that forms the backbone of the amino acid
the presence of the central C atom
the components of the R-group (or variable side chain)
42
Oxygen produced by photosynthesis comes directly from:
light
h2O
glucose
CO2
43
A solution with a pH of 5 is how many more times acidic than the pH of 7
10000
100
1000
10
44
Light behaves not only as waves, but also as particles, which are referred to as:
photons
radiation
neutrons
protons
45
A group of thylakoid discs make up
the stroma
a vacuole
a granum
a chloroplast
46
The partial negative charge in a molecule of water is due to
The big brown bear sleeps at night
1 of the H atoms donates an electron to the O atom
the eclectrons shared btwn O & H atoms spend more time around the O nucleus
The O atoms donate electrons to each of the H atoms
47
The energy currency used by cells is
Adenosine
ATP
ADP
AMP
48
A covalent bond is likely to be polar when
carbon is one of the two atoms sharing electrons
the two atoms sharing electrons are the same element
1 atom sharing electrons is more electronegative than the other atom
the two atoms sharing electrons are equally electronegative
49
Which of the following is (are) true of natural selection
it involves differential reproductive success
All of the above
results with decent modification
it requires genetic variation
50
Cohesion is the principle in which water molecules can stick to other water molecules
False
True
51
What do the electrons added to NAD+ do?
They energize the entry of the acetyl group into the citric acid cycle
they become part of a fermentation pathway
They go to the ETC pathway for ATP production
They are converted to NADP
52
From which component of the light-dependent reactions does NADPH form most directly?
cytochrome complex
photosystem I
ATP synthase
photosystem Il
53
The element present in all organic molecules is____
nitrogen
carbon
hydrogen
oxygen
54
What are the major functions of fats?
Cushions vital organs.
Insulates the body.
All of the above
Energy storage.
55
How do phospholipids interact with water molecules
They don't interact with water because water is polar & lipids are nonpolar
phospholipids dissolve in water
hydrophobic polar head avoid water & hydrophopic nonpolar tail attracts H2O
hydrophophilic polar heads interact with water & hydrophobic tails don't
56
Electron transport molecules of photosynthesis are located in the:
outer chloroplast membrane
chloroplast stroma
cristae
thylakoid membrane
57
A reducing chemical reaction ___________
adds an electron removes energy to the substrate
removes an electron
removes energy from the substrate
is a catabolic reaction
58
What two main products result from photosynthesis?
oxygen and carbon dioxide
sugars/carbohydrates and carbon dioxide
chlorophyll and oxygen
sugars/carbohydrates and oxygen
59
Oxygen produced by photosynthesis comes directly from:
glucose
H20
ATP
C02
60
In order for reduction to occur within the calvin cycle, it is necessary for _____ to come from the light reactions
ATP and NADP
ATP and NADPH
ATP and NADH
ATP and FADH2
61
Which statement about thylakoids in eukaryotes is not correct
Thylakoids contain chlorophyll
Thylakoids exist as a maze of folded membranes
The space surrounding thylakoids is called stroma
Thylakoids are assembled into stacks
62
In eukaryotes, glycolysis occurs in the:
mitochondrial inner membrane
mitochondrial matrix
golgi complex
cytosol (aka cytoplasm)
63
The monomers that make up proteins are called
amino acids
disacharrides
nucleotides
charperones
64
bonds between two atoms with electrons that are equally shared are
polar covalent bonds
hydrogen bonds
ionic bonds
nonpolar covalent bonds
65
What is the primary function of carbohydrates attached to the exterior of cell membranes
identification of the cell
channels through membrane
strengthening the membrane
flexibility of the membrane
66
How many electrons are involved in a single covalent bond?
1
4
2
3
67
Select the compound that contains the most energy
NAD
ATP
P
ADP
68
Which of the following functional groups can be found in ATP?
methyl
phosphate
carbonyl
hydroxyl
69
Which is a reasonable explanation for why unsaturated fatty acids help keep a membrane more fluid at lower temperatures?
Unsaturated fatty acids are more polar than saturated fatty acids.
double bonds block interaction among the hydrophilic head groups
The double bonds form kinks in tails, preventing lipids from packing tight
Unsaturated fatty acids have a higher cholesterol content
70
What bond results from the unequal sharing of electrons
a polar covalent bond
a nonpolar covalent bond
hydrophobic interaction
an ionic bond
71
Phospholipids are important components of
The ring structure of steroids
The waxy covering on leaves
The double bond in hydrocarbon chains
The plasma membrane of cells
72
The A-helix and B-pleated sheets are part of what protein structure
primary
tertiary
secondary
quarternary
73
When hydrogen pumps across the inner mitochondrial membrane they form a proton gradient-A process called ____ forms ATP
glycolysis.
the citric acid cycle
pyruvate synthesis
chemiosmosis
74
Lipids _________
are made by dehydration reactions
contain less energy than proteins and carbs
are insoluble in water
are made from glycerol fatty acids and nitrogen
75
Select the reduced molecule
H-
NAD
NADH+
FAD
76
An anion is an atom that
receives one or more electrons from another atom
gives one or more electrons to another atom
gives all of its electrons to another atom
keeps all of its electrons from another atom
77
What is the pH when a solution is 10^-8 mol/L
10
6
14
8
78
Saturated fatty acids _
have double bonds between the carbon atoms of the fatty acids
are usually liquid at room temperature
are usually produced by plants
are the principle molecules in lard and butter
79
Which polysaccharide is an important component in the structure of plants
chitin
amylose
cellulose
amylopectin
80
A covalent chemical bond is one in which
outer shell electrons of 2 atoms are shared so to fill respective orbitals
outer shell elctrons of 1 atom are transferred filling shell of another
electrons transferred from 1 atom to another & are then opp. charged
protons and neutrons shared by 2 atoms to satisfy requirement of both atoms
81
Adhesion is the principle in which water molecules can stick to other substances
False
True
82
which word is defined by this statement: a measure of disorder or randomness
enthapy
mass
energy
entropy
83
Hydrocarbons are molecules that contain only
carbon and hydrogen
nitrogen
carbon
hydrogen
84
What will happen to a red blood cell (internal ion concentration of about 0.9%) placed into a beaker of pure water?
cell would shrink b/c pure water is hypotonic relative to cell cytoplasm
remain the same size because the solution outside the cell is isotonic.
cell would swell b/c pure water is hypotonic relative to cell cytoplasm
cell would shrink b/c pure water is hypertonic relative to cell cytoplasm
85
An atom has 6 protons and 8 neutrons, its atomic number is
8
6
14
20
86
Where in eukaryotic cells does the calvin cycle take place
granum
thylakoid membrane
stroma
thylakoid lumen
87
The role of the oxygen molecules required for aerobic respiration is:
to produce C02.
to store high energy electrons to pass to complex I of the ETC
to form ATP
to accept low energy electrons (from H +) at the end of the ETC
88
In a lipid bilayer,___ fatty acid tails face ea other w/in the bilayer & form a region that excludes water.
hypertonic
hydrophobic
hydrophilic
hypotonic
89
How many NADH molecules are produced on each turn of the Citric Acid (Krebs) Cycle
3
1
4
2
90
What is the difference between an aldose and ketose sugar
the number of carbons
the position of the carbonyl groups
one is in a ring form, the other in a linear chain
the position of the hydroxyl groups
91
Which branch of biology is concerned with the naming and classifying of organisms
taxonomy
evolution
genomics
informatics
92
Cellulose and starch are examples of:
monosaccharides
polysaccharides
lipids
disaccharides
93
Which of the following statements is contrary to the first law of thermodynamics
Energy can be transferred from one form to another
Energy can be converted from one form to another
The amount of energy in the universe is constant
When gasoline is burned, its energy is destroyed
94
Which of the following is not one of the four stages of the aerobic respiration of glucose:
hydrolysis
ETC
Citric acid cycle
formation of acetyl CoA
95
By definition, substances that absorb visible light are called:
photons
porphyrins
pigments
nucleotides

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