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chapters 1-6 Flashcards | StudBud
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1
when monitoring four populations of elk which has the highest density
You count 100 elk in 50 square kilometers of grassland.
You count 200 elk in 100 square kilometers in the mountains.
You count 50 elk in 10 square kilometers along streambanks.
You count 500 elk in 200 square kilometeres in the foothills
2
a population will grow most quickly if it has
low biotic potential and low resources.
high biotic potential and low resources.
high biotic potential and many resources.
low biotic potential and many resources.
3
what is a biome?
an ecosystem
the climate patterns
group of ecosystems that share similar abiotic and biome conditions
the sun
4
The variable that responds to the conditions set up in the experiment is called the ____________ variable.
dependent
controlled
independent
b
5
The vertical movement of cold, nutrient-rich water from the ocean depths to its surface is called...
downwelling
upwelling
tides
currents
6
an indicator of the overall health of population is
the habitat available to the population.
the change in population size.
the resources available ot the population.
the biotic potential of a species.
7
which of the following is one of the main goals of the environmental policy
ensure that resources are shared fairly
maintain rapid economic growth
8
population increase is determined by
births and deaths
immigration and emigration.
deaths and emigration
births and immigration.
9
which cycle plays a role in all of the biogeochemical cyles
water cycle
nitrogen cycle
phosphorus cycle
10
an area alongside a river that periodically floods
Biome
Flood plain
11
a factor the limits population
a biotic factor.
a denisty independent factor.
12
Together, the nonrenewable energy resources of oil, coal, and natural gas, are known as
ecological footprints
independent variables.
fossil fuels.
biocentrism
13
Life underwater is greatly affected by light availability, which is directly related to...
aquatic animals
water temp
water
water depth
14
how do you show patterns in the biomes
rainfall
precipitation/temp
sunlight
snowfall
15
producers will raise prices when?
demand is low
demand is high
16
Which of the following types of organisms experience seasonal loss of leaves as an adaptation to their climate?
deciduous trees
trees
succulent trees
grasses
17
Scientists make _____________, which are specific statements about what might be observed.
models
variables
hypotheses
predictions
18
What is the term used to describe the resources listed on the left side of the diagram?
fossil fuels
ecological footprints
renewable
nonrenewable
19
weather
False
True
20
suns energy,rocks,fresh water,trees,fossil fuels
natural resources.
ecosystems
21
What needs to be done to prevent resources listed in the middle of the diagram from shifting toward the of the diagram?
More of the resources need to be produced.
They must be used as quickly as possible before running out.
They must be used at a sustainable rate.
Nothing, because they will only ever shift toward the left.
22
if humans brains used only positive feedback loops its reponse to an input of being too hot would be to
drink cool water.
wear more clothes.
seek shade
sweat.
23
government subsideies often controversial becasue of
Enormous subsidies are provided for nonrenewable fossil fuels.
They are seen as a limit on individual rights and freedoms.
They increase the prices of many products.
Subsidies are unable to encourage activities that protect the environment.
24
observing a rapid decline in frogs scientist might be about to avert____ by protecting them
loss of habitat
extinction
disease in the population
logistic growth
25
The deep sleeplike state that an animal enters when conditions are dry.
salinity
estucation
26
Name another resource that could be added to the list in the center of the diagram.
copper
soils
geothermal energy
aluminum
27
Scientists often use ____________ to generate predictions when they cannot observe a phenomenon directly.
models
controlled variables
28
criticism of the world bank is that it
places too much emphasis on protecting natural resources.
has too much power and can overrule national regulations.
doesn't always fund projects that are environmentally sustainable.
does not cooperate enough with the United Nations and the European Union.
29
order to successfully manage deer population for hunting
people should track the population size.
people should track the rate of immigration.
30
greenpeace population connection and conservation are examples of
Non-governmental Organizations (NGOs).
European Union (EU) member states.
international treaties.
World Bank members.
31
which population is most likely in the most danger
population C
population B
population A
all
32
Which of the following describes the frozen underground soil that is found in the tundra?
permafrost
snow
frost
snowflakes
33
based on this information which of the following is true
The carrying capacity of the pond is 25 fish.
The fish population is experiencing exponential growth.
The fish population has low biotic potential.
The carrying capacity of the pond is about 20 fish.
34
Effective scientists are always __________, meaning that they do not simply accept what they hear from others
skeptical
variable
believable
controlled
35
generalist species of play which can use many different types of resources,these are ___ distribution
random
uniform
36
lemers are specialized to eat certain foods what distribution would you expect for lemurs in the forest
random
clumped
37
what are the end products of the process of cellular respiration
carbon dioxide, water, and energy
carbohydrates, oxygen, and nitrogen
38
Nearly all nutrients present in tropical rain forests are contained in the...
all of the above
trees
plants
vines
39
Weather describes the average conditions of an area over long periods of time.
True
False
40
services provided by earths system are said to have ___ values
non market
cost benefit
41
The big bang, plate tectonics, and general relativity are all examples of
theories.
hypotheses
ethics.
42
what process do most producers use to create their own food
eutrophication
photosynthesis
43
Scientists particularly value ______________ data, or information expressed using numbers.
quantitative
prediction
observational
modeling
44
wolves are territorial what distrivution would you expect for wolves on a landscape in which resources are equal
uniform
random
45
the shallow near-shore portion of the pacific ocean
Aphotic zone
Littoral zone
46
what is the main reason cities like pittsburgh have strong environmental policies
It is very wealthy and has vast financial resources.
All cities have strong environmental policies.
It has always been aware of environmental issues.
It has dealt with the impact of messy environmental cleanups.
47
in order of smallest to largest an ecologist studies life at what scales
individual, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere
individual, community, population, ecosystem, biosphere
biosphere, ecosystem, population, individual, community
ecosystem, community, population, individual, biosphere
48
The few tall trees that extend above the canopy in a rain forest is called the emergent layer
False
True
49
What is the extended period of sleeplike inactivity that an animal enters for the winter?
sleep
hibernation
going to bed
naps
50
a combination of two or more atoms of the same type
proton
molecule
51
what statement describes the current era of environmental policys
Current policy continues the trends begun in the 1980s.
The focus h
Policy has finally solved most serious environmental problems in the U.S.
52
which of the following is true
Rabbits have a higher biotic potential but a longer gestation period.
Foxes have less biotic potential and a shorter generation time.
Foxes have less biotic potential and a shorter generation time.
Foxes have less biotic potential and a longer generation time.
53
what type of surviorship curve would a turtle exhibit?
type III
type II
54
A plant that grows on other plants instead of in soil.
epiphyte
estuary
55
What is the term used to describe the resources listed on the right side of the diagram
ecological footprints
renewable
sustainable
nonrenewable
56
For an idea to be evaluated by science, it must
be an opinion rooted in personal preference.
be able to be tested against collected evidence.
deal with both the natural and supernatural worlds.
be able to be absolutely proven to be true.
57
The mud and muck at the very bottom of any body of water is called the aphotic zone.
False
True
58
dna and rna are two types of ____
proteins.
nucleic acids.
lipids.
carbohydrates
59
Bogs are brackish ecosystems that occur where rivers flow into the ocean.
no
false
yes
true
60
A measurement of the amount of salts dissolved in water.
canopy
salinity
61
Which of the following is an example of a question regarding ethics?
How can an individual or a factory reduce its ecological footprint?
Which flower is prettier, a rose or a tulip?
62
what triggered the increased environmental awareness in 1960
the creation of the national park system
the publication of Silent Spring by Rachel Carson
a rapid increase in westward expansion
the displacement of millions of Native Americans
63
when an animal travels to different locations based of the environment
immigration
emigration
migration
64
Scientists test predictions by
making more predictions.
gathering evidence.
developing hypotheses.
reading scientific literature.
65
substance composed of atoms of two or more different elements
molecule.
compound.
66
_____________ are broad explanations which apply to a wide range of situations and observations.
Theories
Hypotheses
67
water has the property of ____ which means it sticks to itself
ph
density
68
portion of the photic zone that's farther from shore than the littoral zone
Benthic zone
Limnetic zone
69
A(n) ________________ is an activity designed to test the validity of a prediction or a hypothesis.
.interpretation
model
experiment
independent variable
70
hard rock and just below earths surface is called
mantle
outer core.
lithosphere
71
Which steps usually occur near the end of a scientific investigation?
designing experiments and controlling variables
repeating tests and interpreting data
72
how did the U.S environmental policy shift in 1980
It was basically the same as in the 1960s and 1970s
Most of the important environmental laws were finally passed.
A backlash led to efforts to weaken federal environmental laws.
There was a large push to achieve sustainability quickly.
73
The dense covering of trees, 50 to 80 meters above the ground, in a rain forest.
the bottom
coniferous
tree tops
canopy
74
b
the first period (1780s to late-1800s)
the third period (mid- to late-1900s)
the fourth period
75
mixture in which all ingredients are evenly distributed
solution
macromolecule.
76
A situation in which the free market, operating on its own, does not distribute resources efficiently is called
ecological economics.
market failure.
77
In which of the ocean's zones would you expect to find the ecosystem seen below?
the neritic
the lowest
benthic zone
the open ocean
78
if an animal is nonnative to an area but breeds and lives there this group of animal represents
a new population.
a new species.
a new community
a new ecosystem.
79
In a(n) _____________ study, all variables are kept constant except one.
model
controlled
80
populations with even numbers of young animals reproductive age animals and old animals is likely do what the long term
remain stable
increase
fluctuate cyclically
decrease
81
how do you identify a biome?
the animals
the climate
the plants
all of the above
82
body of water partly enclosed by land that occurs where fresh water meets
Estuary
Understory
83
process of erosion is an example of
positive feedback loop.
stabilizing process.
system with no feedback.
negative feedback loop.
84
to get calcium a porpcupine chews on an antler the antler is a
an abiotic factor.
a biotic factor.
85
What movement promotes the fair and equitable treatment of all people with respect to environmental policy and practice?
biocentrism
environmental justice
86
Which of the following aquatic ecosystems is NOT a type of wetland?
swamp
stream
bog
lake
87
the amount of matter in the environment
usually increases.
usually decreases.
increases sometimes and decreases other times.
always stays the same.
88
Which procedure helps guard against faulty science contaminating the literature on which all scientists rely?
peer review
sustainable use
89
fats and oils used by the body to store energy are called proteins
True
False
90
producing effective envornmental policy requires input from?
all of the above
science
ethics
economics
91
A tree bearing cones that typically does not lose its leaves.
estuary
coniferous
92
Which of the following terms describes the net amount of organic matter that that an ecosystem or biome produces?
climate
the network
net primary production
rainfall
93
The shorter trees and plants found in a tropical rain forest.
understory
upwelling
94
group of ecosystems with similar abiotic biotic conditions
Biome
dome
95
what tends to happen to plant and algae growth when phosphorous is added
growth usually continues at a very slow pace
growth often jumps dramatically
96
High in the mountains, near a river's High in the mountains, near a river's source, water tends to be cold and oxygen ri
True
False
97
some precipitation and surface water soaks down through soil and rocks to recharge underground
aquifers.
subduction zones.
98
in the U.S laws enacted from late 1800s to the mid 1900s reflected the understanding that
a sustainable future should be a primary goal.
the West's natural resources could be used up and required legal protection
Americans were living amid dirtier air, dirtier water, and more waste an
the amount of land and natural resources in the West were endless.
99
study of how resources are converted into goods and services and how these goods and services are distributed and used
Socialism
Economics
100
what gas in the atmosphere protects the biosphere from the suns radiation
methane
carbon dioxide
