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Cell Bio Exam 1 Flashcards | StudBud
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Cell Bio Exam 1
Cell Bio Exam 1
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1
To ensure that a nerve impulse is produced, the Na-/K+ pump actively transports ions into/out of the cell. This is…
Electrical work
Mechanical work
Concentration work
Synthetic work
2
The cell membrane can be most accurately described as…
Permeable to all molecules
Permeable to some molecules and impermeable to others
Permeable to most small molecules but impermeable to larger ones
Permeable to only large molecules
3
You wish to design a treatment for osteoporosis in humans. The best choice for a model organism would be:
Pisum sativum
Mus musculus
Escherichia coli
Caenorhabditis elegans
4
Which of the following is the smallest?
Virus
Bacterium
Protein
Ribosome
5
Which of the following is true of fluorescent microscopy?
Fluorescent light is embedded throughout the specimen
It is best at viewing rounded, thick specimens
It presents images in 3D
It is used to view dead specimens only
6
The Latin phrase omniscience’s cellula e cellula is best translated as:
All cells arise only from preexisting cells
Cells are generally found in a cluster
Tissues are composed of similar cells
The cell is the basic unit of structure
7
While examining material under his microscope, ___ observed tiny compartments which he called cellulae.
Antoine Van Leeuwenhoek
Rudolf Virchow
Robert Hooke
Robert Brown
8
Which of the following is true of a nanometer?
A nanometer is about the size of a common bacterial cell
The nanometer is the most common measurement used in reference to cells
A nanometer is equivalent to 10 Angstroms
A nanometer is one millionth of a meter
9
Cell biology emerged from which of the following fields of biology?
Genetics
Biochemistry
All of the above
Cytology
10
The scientific work that established DNA rather than protein as the molecule of heredity is credited to:
Watson and Crick
Avery, Macleod, and McCarty
Monod and Jacob
Beagle and Tatum
11
Which organelle is round and derives its name from the Latin word for “kernel”?
Nucleus
Golgi complex
Chloroplast
Mitochondrial
12
The smooth ER functions in the synthesis of…
Polysaccharides
Lipids
Proteins
DNA
13
Which organelle has only a single membrane around it?
Mitochondria
Nucleus
Ribosome
Peroxisome
14
You study which gene products are being expressed in macrophages infected with intracellular bacterium by observing the:
Metabolome
Transcriptome
Genome
Proteome
15
Which of the following is an example of a defensive protein?
Cell surface receptor
Myosin
Antibody
Hormone
16
Which type of microscopy has the greatest resolving power?
Digital video
Fluorescence
Phase-contrast
Electron
17
Which scientist revolutionized chemistry by synthesizing urea in the lab from ammonium cyanate?
Mendel
Hooke
Van Leeuwenhoek
Wohler
18
The major structural elements of the cytoskeleton are…
The extracellular matrix and the cell wall
Proteoglycans and cellulose microfibrils
Microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments
The cytoplasm and cytosol
19
Which of the following is an important characteristic for a model organism?
Prone to random changes that alter primary characteristics
Marginally characterized
Widely studied
Difficult to manipulate in the lab
20
Which of the following fundamental properties of life do viruses not possess?
Ability to reproduce
Metabolism
Metabolism and Irritability
Irritability
21
Which laws were formulated by Mendel?
Thermodynamics
Heredity
Gravity
Ideal gas laws
22
A scientist wishes to determine direction of movement of protozoa. Which microscope technique is least likely to work?
Light microscopy
Electron microscopy
Differential interference contrast microscopy
Phase-contrast microscopy
23
Which of the following is a disaccharide?
Fructose
Glucose
Galactose
Lactose
24
Which scientist is credited with coining the term cell from the Latin word cellulae?
Antoine Van Leewenhoek
Robert Brown
Matthias Schneider
Robert Hooke
25
Which of the following is not a tenet of the cell theory?
All cells have a membrane-bound nucleus
All organisms consist of one or more cells
The cell is the basic unit of structure for all organisms
All cells arise from preexisting cells
26
Which of the following terms convey the least degree of certainty?
Law
Theory
Hypothesis
Theory AND law
27
Which scientist revolutionized biology by demonstrating living organisms are also governed by the laws of physics?
Mendel
Van Leeuwenhoek
Schwann
Wohler
28
Which of the following types of work involves a change in the position of the cell or a cell structure?
Bioluminescence
Mechanical
Synthetic
Electrical
29
Which type(s) of microscopy enhances and amplifies slight changes in the phase of transmitted light?
Fluorescent microscopy
Phase contrast microscopy
Digital video microscopy
Differential interference contrast microscopy
30
Once a scientific theory becomes a law, it:
Becomes static
Cannot be changed
Cannot be challenged
Is subject to modification
31
Early microscopes did not allow clear visualization of cells because they were limited by…
Number of kernels
Resolution
Magnification
Refraction
32
Through the joining of cytology and biochemistry you get a better understanding of the cell because:
You can identify cellular structure AND cellular biochemical pathways
You can identify cellular biochemical pathways
You can identify cellular structures
You can demonstrate bioinformatics
33
Scanning electron microscopy is especially suited to:
Examine internal cellular structure
All of the above
Create a sense of depth
Observe living specimens
34
A microtome is used to…
Focus short wavelengths of light
Dissect cellular organelles
View microscopic organisms
Slice thin sections of specimen
35
The limit of resolution can be defined as…
The inverse of the wavelength of light; it is greatest for black light
The distance an object must move to be distinguished from its background
The solvent that must be available to remix a solution
The distance two objects must be apart to be distinguished as separate
36
Which of the following is closest to a micrometer in size?
The length of a plant cell
The size of a ribosome
A typical bacterial cell
The width of a strand of DNA
37
Of the following specialized procedures, which one(s) may be used with the electron microscope?
Freeze fracturing
Shadowing with
Scanning electron microscopy
Negative staining
38
All of the following biochemical techniques have allowed us to determine cell structure and function except:
Ultracentrifugation
Chromatography
Electrophoresis
Light microscopy
39
Cellulose belongs to which of the following groups of macromolecules?
Lipids
Carbohydrates
Nucleic acids
Proteins
40
Which of the following is not a base used in DNA replication?
Guanine
Thymine
Uracil
Adenine
41
The cytosol is best described as the…
Semifluid substance in which organelles are suspended
Fluid within the nucleus
Internal contents of organelles
3-D array of interconnected filaments
42
In 1665, ____ used a microscope that he built to examine slices of ___.
Theodor Schwann; animal tissue
Rudolf Virchow; collagen
Robert Hooke; cork
Robert Brown; plant material
43
Which of the following is mismatched?
Escherichia coli- genetics
Drosophila- embryogenesis
Mouse- immunology
Chlamydomonas- cell differentiation
44
Which of the following biological polymers is mismatched with its monomer?
Protein-Amino Acid
Enzyme-Amino Acid
Cellulose-Amino Acid
DNA-Nucleotide
45
Which of the following is a eukaryotic characteristic?
70S Ribosomes
Little processing of RNA
Cell fission
Membrane-bound nucleus
46
Gregor Mendel was the most influential in which field of biology?
Chromatography
Bacterial Transformation
Genetics
Biochemistry
47
Which of the following can only be viewed by electron microscopy?
Bacteria
Viruses
Nuclei
Frog eggs
48
Which of the following statements about the polymerization of macromolecules is false?
Often the energy needed for polymerization is supplied by ATP
A monomer is usually activated by coupling to a carrier
Water is added to join the monomers of macromolecules
The polymer chain usually has two different ends
49
Gregor Mendel was most influential in which field of biology?
Genetics
Cytology
Chromatography
Biochemistry
50
The classic work of Friedrich Wohler (1828) that united the fields of biology and chemistry was based on the:
Discovery of yeast ferments
Identification of nucleotide bases
Discovery of ATP
Production of urea in the laboratory
51
You’re working on a project that involves the direct 3D observation of DNA molecules. Which microscope should you use?
Scanning electron microscope
Phase contrast microscope
Transmission electron microscope
Light microscope
52
Which of the following is an informational macromolecule?
Polypeptide
DNA
Glycogen
ATP
53
You wish to obtain a pure mitochondria sample from lysed cells. The best way to obtain the sample would be:
Poyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
Agarose gel electrophoresis
Chromatography
Centrifugation
54
In which organelle would you expect to find a protein just after it is produced by the rough ER?
Lysosome
Endoscope
Golgi Apparatus
Secretory Vesicle
55
Which of the following is NOT a tenet of the cell theory?
All cells arise from preexisting cells
All organisms consist of one or more cells
All cells have a membrane bound nucleus
The cell is the basic unit of structure for all organisms
56
Jacques Monod and Francois Jacob are responsible for launching the era of:
Molecular genetics
Radioisotopes
Biochemistry
The scientific method
57
All of the following are model organisms except:
Saccharomyces cervisiae
Homo sapiens
Arabidopsis thialana
Drosophila melanogaster
58
Which of the following is false of brightfield microscopy?
White light is utilized
Phase-contrast microscopy is a variant of brightfield
Light passes through the object being examined
Specimens are always viewed without being stained
59
The primary structure of a protein…
All of the above
Is important for determining the secondary and tertiary structure
Is important both genetically and structurally
Is simply the order of amino acids from one end to the other
60
1 mm=___ nm
10
1/1,000
1,000,000
1,000
