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Earth and Environmental Science Final Exam Review
Earth and Environmental Science Final Exam Review
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1
Which of these has been controlled in an attempt to reduce ozone depletion?
use of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
use of mercury (Hg) compounds
methods of filtering gasoline
methods of radioactive waste storage
2
Used car oil was put in a container to take to a mechanic for disposal. The used oil is disposed of this way so that
the oil can be recycled to protect the environment.
the total amount of oil used by car owners will not increase.
the oil can be reused in other cars.
impurities in the oil can be studied to improve car engine design.
3
Which interaction of a biotic and abiotic factor can help stabilize a forest area?
increased precipitation, including soil erosion in an area
decreased number of predators, allowing the number of prey to increase
increased decaying organic material, adding nutrients to soil
decreased water salinity, reducing biodiversity of animals
4
What process is represented by this diagram?
Rotation
Conduction
Radiation
Convection
5
What biological process absorbs carbon dioxide/water/sunlight and makes it usable by living organisms?
transpiration
photosynthesis
diffusion
respiration
6
The deer tick survives by feeding on the blood of deer and other forest mammals. How would you classify the tick?
parasite
predator
insectivorous
carnivorous
7
How could the introduction of nonnative species of plant affect an ecosystem in North Carolina?
Pollinates native plant, producing disease-resistant plants.
Takes over the habitats of the native plant species.
Reduces competition for space and light with native plants.
Causes some insect species to destroy native plant species.
8
Which renewable energy resource possesses the greatest potential for providing renewable energy?
wind
solar
tidal
geothermal
9
Ocean currents, like the Gulf Stream, affect world climate by
spreading plant and animal life over a wider area
ensuring ocean density is not the same globally
carrying sediment from rivers and inland basins
transferring heat to and from various regions
10
Which substance in the atmosphere absorbs most of the ultraviolet rays?
ozone
CFC's
nitrogen
water
11
A volcano releases a towering plume of toxic ash and gases into the atmosphere. What plan would best help evacuate?
an accurate measurement of the height of the volcano
computer modeling of movement of the atmosphere to predict clouds moving
an estimate of the number of gas masks available for emergency personnel
a careful count of the number of people living near the volcano
12
At which type of margin does mountain building produce mountains composed of preexisting crust?
divergent between an oceanic and a continental plate
convergent between an oceanic plate and a continental plate
convergent between two continental plates
divergent between two oceanic plates
13
Which would be the MOST likely effect of decreased flows of fresh water on the ecology of the Everglades?
a decrease in the populations of native plants and animals
a decrease in the amount of salt water in the Everglades
an increase in the amount of erosion in the Everglades
an increase in the reproductive rates of native plants and animals
14
During which of these years did groundwater rise to a level high enough to become surface water?
2007
2001
1994
1989
15
At which type of plate boundary is new crust formed?
convergent
divergent
subduction
transform
16
What is the carrying capacity of an ecosystem?
max # of individuals an ecosystem can support without harm
birth rate - death rate
total number of organisms alive in an ecosystem
minimum number of individuals needed to balance an ecosystem
17
Global warming affects sea levels. Which is likely consequence if the trend of global warming continues ?
Evaporation will enlarge land areas near coastlines, as sea levels drop.
Melting glaciers will cause flooding of coastal towns and cities.
Melting glaciers will reduce lake sizes in mountainous regions.
Evaporation will increase land areas in U-shaped valleys, as fjords dry up.
18
What can cause the loss of soil that is not protected by plant cover?
Wind/water erosion
Chemical weathering
Organisms in the soil
Mechanical weathering
19
Which atmospheric greenhouse gases absorb infrared radiation from Earth’s surface and re-radiate it back to Earth?
oxygen and sulfur dioxide
carbon dioxide and water vapor
hydrochloric acid and hydrogen
nitrogen and argon
20
A topographic map of part of Arizona is shown below. Which of the labeled points on the map has the steepest slope?
3
2
4
1
21
Which of the following project proposals is most likely to recharge groundwater?
replacement of cement parking lots with gravel and tile lots
installation of automatic sprinkler systems on city property
creation of a dam on a river to create a reservoir
replace old wells with new wells on citizen's property
22
Acid precipitation can dissolve aluminum from soil which then pollutes water. Which is true?
environmental change always has a negative impact
environmental change can impact quality of life
acid rain is the leading cause of fish death in lakes
acid rain is the most important environmental problem
23
Which factor BEST enables climatologists to forecast the time and location of hurricane formation?
ocean currents and temperature
thickness of the ozone layer
angle of sunlight on Earth
seasonal distance from the sun
24
Air mass 1 would MOST likely bring which weather conditions to a region?
warm and dry
cool and humid
cool and dry
warm and humid
25
Farmers use fertilizer on their crops to increase crop yield. How does this affect nearby lakes and streams?
Fertilizer that becomes airborne pollutes the air around aquatic plants.
Fertilizer directly kills fish and plant life in lakes and streams.
Fertilizer improves crops which draws animals away from them.
Fertilizer leads to the growth of oxygen-depleting organisms.
26
Ants and acacia trees have a (blank) relationship
Symbiotic
Mutualistic
Parasitic
Commensalistic
27
Which describes a characteristic of Earth’s continents that MOST likely causes changes in climate when continents drift?
The location of the continent affects its surface reflectivity.
Continental plate depth determines its specific heat.
The temperature of a continent is affected by its nearest ocean.
Continental drift absorbs large amounts of kinetic energy.
28
Land subsidence is most likely an indication that
groundwater is being depleted
sediments are being deposited
rocks are being weathered
water is being polluted
29
Which of these events is an example of a change in climate?
A series of tropical storms make landfall in 3 different states
Afternoon showers result in less sunlight on Tuesday
Low overnight temperatures result in morning frost
Average annual rainfall decreases
30
Which of these could cause this population to stop increasing and stabilize?
increasing ratio of offspring to parents in the population
increasing ratio of space to individuals in the population
decreasing ratio of food to individuals in the population
decreasing ratio of predators to prey in the population
31
Which process typically cause sedimentary rock to become metamorphic rock?
Melting and cooling
Pressure and melting
Weathering and erosion
Heat and pressure
32
Plants use carbon dioxide from the atmosphere during the process of:
Photosynthesis
Evaporation
Respiration
Fertilization
33
Which of the following BEST explains what will happen when a population grows larger than carrying capacity?
birth rate increases
competition will decrease
emigration rate increases
death rate will increase
34
Which statement best describes how photosynthesis affects Earth’s energy budget?
Photosynthesis destroys a amount of incoming solar radiation
increases amount of solar energy that reflected back space
transforms small amount solar radiation in chemical energy
prevents most incoming solar energy from heating atmosphere.
35
Which of these are the MOST likely results of overfishing in ocean ecosystems?
1 and 2 only
1, 2, and 4 only
1 only
1, 2, 3, and 4
36
A lake has been used for more than a century to irrigate crops. How has this practice MOST likely affected this resource
It decreased the salt content of the water.
It increased the number of fish in the lake.
It decreased the volume of the lake.
It increased the evaporation rate of the water.
37
If instruments at the volcano observatory detect SO
2
levels from 425 - 477 ppb, observatory staff should:
dispatch alerts to staff
close the visitor center
conduct business as usual
cancel nature walks
38
What is the predicted impact of the change in average ocean temperature on algae?
elimination of predators on algae
reduction of levels of sunlight needed for algal growth
narrowing of the ecological niche for algae
an increase in algal distribution
39
All of these types of waves travel from the Sun to Earth except
infrared waves
light waves
ultraviolet waves
sound waves
40
Ethanol is an alternative fuel made from corn. What is an unfavorable effect of using ethanol?
decrease in farm land available for food production
decreased cost of fuel production
increase in the consumption of fossil fuels
increased carbon footprint from driving automobiles
41
The Great Ocean Conveyor ocean current system. If this current is disrupted North America and Euperonean climates change
rainier.
windier.
colder.
more humid.
42
Biodiversity can include genetic diversity within a population within an ecosystem. Which is the most biodiverse area?
an arctic tundra
a tropical forest
a residential backyard
a deciduous forest
43
Biotic forces can cause changes to the surface of Earth. Which is BEST example of living organisms causing weathering?
Salmon making nests for their eggs in a stream
Cattle walking and grazing in a grassland
Beavers build a dam across stream
Tree seedlings growing and forming cracks in rocks
44
Which is the most likely way Saharan desert dust impacts climate in a place as far away as southern Florida?
Dust slows airflow, causing weather systems to stall over land.
Dust reflects solar radiation, cooling the surface.
Dust absorbs moisture in the clouds, reducing rainfall.
Dust decreases static discharge, preventing lightning storms.
45
The average temperature of Earth has increased approximately 0.8°C. Which of the following MOST attribute to this?
the lower amounts of carbon dioxide
increased use of fossil fuels
increased population in therid world countries
the solar flares reaching earth
46
Which statement best explains why the force of a hurricane diminishes as the hurricane moves over land?
The winds start to spin clockwise.
The supply of warm, moist air decreases.
A high pressure area develops.
The sea level rises on the coast.
47
Which of these is a threat to the survival of an ecosystem?
a shrinking variety of animal and plant species
less biomass at higher levels of the food web
predator-prey population s are stable
competition among some consumer populations
48
Which characteristic of the Indian Plate explains why it moves under the Eurasian Plate?
It is denser.
It is larger.
It is molten.
49
What type of soil does a farmer have if the soil contains 40% sand, 40% silt, and 20% clay?
sandy loam
clay
silty loam
loam
50
Which of the following best describes an interaction between Earth and solar energy (sunlight) that warms the planet?
absorption of solar energy by surfaces on Earth
reflection of solar energy from polar snowcaps
use of solar energy in the process of photosynthesis
