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APES Final Exam Review
APES Final Exam Review
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1
Which soil horizon has the MOST organic material
A
C
D
B
2
Stage 2 of demographic transition?
Population size is stable .
population begins to decrease.
Population begins to stabilize.
Population explosion occurs.
3
Which of the following ecosystem services is categorized as regulating?
Pollination, decomposition, and water purification
Recreation, education, and aesthetics
Wood fuel, medicine, and potable water
Photosynthesis, nutrient cycling, and creation of soils
4
Which statement best describes why BR and DR are changing in a country that is in Phase 2 of the demographic transition?
Individuals have more availability to birth control and smller family sizes
Individuals have better sanitation and access to clean drinking water.
The population has a high infant mortality rate b/c of lack of health care.
The pop size stops increasing and may decline if BR's are lower than DR's
5
Photochemical Smog is caused by:
High temperatures
Heavy traffic
All of the above
Sunlight
6
Incineration of waste:
Is a partial solid waste solution in some places.
Can solve all our solid waste problems
Only has negative environmental effects
Doesn't release any harmful aerosols.
7
Which of the following types of organisms are required to complete the nitrogen cycle, including denitrification?
Consumers
Bacteria
Producers
Fungi
8
Agricultural pesticides directly cause:
Water pollution
Air pollution
Soil pollution
Light pollution
9
The rule of 70 can be used to determine a population’s doubling time. Doubling time is a measure of the
average age of the first reproductive event per 1,000 women in a country
population growth rate
environmental impact of each individual in a population
length of time an individual born in a population is expected to live
10
Of the following, which has the greatest permeability?
Sand
Loam
Clay
Silt
11
Runoff of chemicals and sediments from urban streets is an example of point source pollution
False
True
12
K-Selected species _____________.
Tend to be shaped by coevolution
Reproduce later in life and have a small amount of offspring WithLongLifeSp
Benefit each other by providing food, shelter, or other resources
Have a high capacity for population increase
13
Which of the following cycles includes the processes of buffering ocean pH and photosynthesis, as shown in the diagram?
The nitrogen cycle
The phosphorus cycle
The water cycle
The carbon cycle
14
Based on the trends shown in the table, in which of the following years was the owl population at carrying capacity?
1990
2015
2020
1985
15
What is overfishing?
When more fish are caught than can be replaced naturally
When commercial ships take more fish than allowed
When people eat too much fish
When fish are overhunted by their natural predators
16
How does lead get into water?
Lead seeps into the municipal water supply through aging infrastructure
Lead is typically found in natural water sources and treatment plants
Water utilities are responsible for putting lead contents into our water
17
What is an example of biomass energy?
water
sunlight
wood
coal
18
Which of the following best describes a difference between generalist species and specialist species?
Generalists are often herbivores, while specialists are often omnivores
Generalist= narrow range of conditions, specialist= variety of conditions.
Generalist= large range of resources specialist= limited range of resources
Generalists are more prone to extinction than specialists are
19
Which is a characteristic of an organism that displays a Type 3 survivorship curve, as shown in the graph?
The organism has a fairly constant mortality rate over time.
The organism produces large numbers of offspring every time it reproduces.
The organism reaches reproductive maturity after many years.
The organism provides constant parental care to offspring for several years
20
Which of the following best describes a transform boundary?
An area where two tectonic plates slide past one another
An area where two or more tectonic plates collide
An area where two or more tectonic plates fuse together at a suture zone
An area where two tectonic plates move away from each other
21
Which is the best explanation for the deflection of the trade winds in both hemispheres, as seen in the diagram above?
The wind is deflected west because of Earth’s rotation.
The wind is deflected east because of varying landmasses at the latitudes.
The wind is deflected east because of the waves in the ocean.
The wind is deflected west because of the mountains that the air encounters
22
Why are biological indicator species so important?
They provide regulating services such as food.
They are food sources for keystone species.
They offer a signal of the overall health of an ecosystem.
They determine the health of an ecosystem.
23
Total fertility rate is...
An index that classes countries by fertility
the avg. # of babies that would be born to a "normal" woman
The total # of newborns in a year
The avg. # of babies born to any woman
24
Which is an environmental effect of acid deposition?
It decreases the H+ in the soil.
It makes more nutrients available for uptake by roots of plants.
It increases rates of photosynthesis
It dissolves key nutrients and leaving toxic aluminum
25
Energy moves in food chains from one stage to the next. Which statement best explains how the energy is transferred?
Primary producer= 10,000kcal, tertiary consumer= 10kcal
Primary producer= 100,000kcal, Secondary consumer= 10,000kcal
Secondary consumer= 500 kcal, Tertiary consumer= 5,000 kcal
Primary consumer= 100kcal, secondary consumer= 100kcal
26
Clay has the smallest sized particles.
True
False
27
This biome is nutrient-rich bc of falling leaves/trapped organic materials from trees and filters pollutants from water.
Open ocean
Coral Reefs
Rivers
Freshwater wetlands
28
Which of the following is the correct order of soil particles in order of increasing size?
Clay—silt—sand
Sand—clay—silt
Sand—silt—clay
Clay—sand—silt
29
The major effects of habitat fragmentation are:
climate change and pollution
loss of biodiversity, blocking of animal migration routes
loss of biodiversity, increase in fossil fuel emissions
pollution and increase in biodiversity
30
A decomposer
is endangered
produces its own food
is a predator
breaks down dead organisms for food
31
Which of the following best shows the process of natural selection?
A lizard's color becomes brown as it sits on a log.
A plant loses its leaves in a drought.
A population of mosquitoes develops resistance to a pesticide.
A population of foxes increases as more prey becomes available.
32
Eutrophication is:
A stage in water treatment.
The addition of flourine to the water.
The enrichment of water with nutrients, leading to algae growth.
The process of removing phosphorus from water.
33
A country with an age distribution like that shown in the figure above, is most likely a country that
is experiencing rapid growth
is experiencing slow or no population growth
is a less-developed country
is experiencing a high death rate
34
How does an early onset of spring through climate change affect plants?
Their growing and flowering season starts early and is short
their growing and flower season starts late and longer
Their growing and floweing season starts later and is short
their growing and flowering season starts early and is long
35
The Montreal Protocol was about
reducing ozone depletion
eradicating poverty
providing access to family planning
reducing climate change
36
Based on the data shown in the graph, which of the following events occurred after the glacial retreat?
Global Climate Change
Flooding
Primary succession
Sea level rise
37
What animal is an R-strategist species?
Elephant
Mouse
Human
Mosquito
38
The secondary consumers in this food web are...
Grasshopper and cricket
Snake, shrew, frog
Grasses
Shrew, frog
39
The majority of ozone is found in which of the following atmospheric layers?
Stratosphere
Troposphere
Thermosphere
Exosphere
40
Competitive Exclusion
one species will the better suited
two animals competing for exclusion from the pack
one species will become extinct or pushed into another niche
When two species compete for the same resources
41
convection is
warm air rising and cold air lowering
cold air rising
cool air
hot air lowering
42
An ecological footprint is...
the amount of wilderness available on the earth.
the amount of resources needed to support each person.
a measure of a person's part in creating a sustainable envt.
a measure of the earth's biological capacity.
43
El Nino brings what weather to Peru
Cold and dry
Wet and warm
Wild and dry
Hot and Dry
44
Factors that affect the total fertility rate of a human population include which of the following?
Education level and economic opportunities for females
All of the above
Government policies and economic incentives
Cultural traditions
45
Based on the island biogeography theory, which island would likely have the highest number of species living on it?
An island 10 hectares in size that is 10 km off the coast of the mainland
An island 30 hectares in size that is 30 km off the coast of the mainland
An island 30 hectares in size that is 10 km off the coast of the mainland
An island 10 hectares in size that is 30 km off the coast of the mainland
46
The Clean Water Act protects
aquifers
channelization
all the above
surface water
47
LD50 stands for . . .
the length of dachshunds in the 50th percentile.
the last days of midlife crisis.
let's do 50 push-ups.
the lethal dose that kills 50% of individuals.
48
Which is the most likely explanation for a decline in anchovy during an El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) event?
Less nutrient-rich water reaches surface waters, disrupting the food web.
Acidic ocean waters kill off larval anchovies.
An increase in phosphate-based nutrients leads to an algal bloom.
Ocean currents move toxic contaminants from the sediments into the water.
49
Which of the following reservoirs of freshwater are missing from the diagram?
Fossil fuels
Rocks
Algae
Ice caps
50
El Nino effects produce
upwelling effects off the coast of South America
strong warming of eastern Pacific Ocean & more precipitation
very productive fisheries off the coast of South America
cool temps of the eastern Pacific & less precipitation
51
Where does El Nino occur?
Pacific ocean near the equator
Atlantic ocean near the poles
Atlantic ocean near the equator
Pacific ocean near the poles
52
An example of a carbon sink is
Solar panels
A forest
An ocean
Glaciers
53
Which of the following best describes an example of resource partitioning in an ecosystem?
2 indiv. from the same pop. of barn owls hunt for the same species of mouse
A tick uses a white-tailed deer as its host, consuming deer's blood as food
2 birds feed from the same tree; 1 eats acorns, 1 eats insects in the bark.
A mason bee pollinates a variety of flowers in a botanical garden.
54
What island would be least biodiverse according to the theory of island biogeography?
a small island that is close to the mainland
a large island that is close to the mainland
a large island that's far from the mainland
A small island that's far from the mainland
55
Based on the map above, which of the following best explains why the Atacama Desert has a consistently arid climate?
Compared to the east coast, it has less water available.
It is on the windward side of the Andes Mountains.
It is in the rain shadow of the Andes Mountains.
The cold Peru Current brings dry air to the west coast.
56
What is a pioneer species?
A species that depends upon animal life
A species that cannot return after a natural disaster
A species that is first to move into an area after a disaster
A species that travels within an ecosystem
57
Which of the following trophic levels represents a primary producer in an aquatic food chain?
Phytoplankton
Herbivorous zooplankton
Baleen whale
Carnivorous zooplankton
58
Chlorofluorocarbons find use in
All of these
Refrigerators
Air conditioners
Aerosol sprays
59
Which of the following best describes what is represented by the arrows in the food web?
The flow of energy
The decomposition of matter
The photosynthetic rates of producers
The movement of predators
60
The total rate of photosynthesis in a given area.
Net primary productivity
Gross primary productivity
Primary productivity
Cellular respiration
61
Where did the most dangourous nuclear disaster occur?
France
Chernobyl
Asia
Idaho
62
Competitive exclusion principle
states that two species with identical niches cannot coexist indefinetly
oranism living that gets lived on by a prasite, which is being harmed
competition for resources between species that live together
63
Which of the following statements is best supported by the diagram of the phosphorus cycle?
The phosphates absorbed by animals through consumption return to the soil
Plants take up the phosphate ions primarily from the metamorphic rocks
Phosphates are not soluble in water
The largest reservoir of phosphorus is in the atmosphere
64
ocean current
surface water flowing in a certain direction
large sections of air with same atmospheric conditions
height of object above Earth.
65
Which of the following is an cause of desertification?
All of the above
Overgrazing
Soil erosion
Drought
66
The tragedy of the commons refers to the overuse of
solar capital.
governmental regulation.
a common property or free-access resources.
synthetic chemicals
67
What are
benefits
of hydroelectric power?
Won't pollute air
It's a domestic source of energy
Renewable
All of the above
68
Which of the following terrestrial biomes has the highest net primary productivity?
Savanna
Desert
Taiga
Tropical Rainforest
69
What qualifies a forest as an old growth forest?
All the trees qualify for medicare
all the trees are at least 75 years old
It's home to species like pines, beech, and other conifers
It hasn't been disturbed for hundred of years
70
What fizzes in acid
Granite
Limestone
Sandstone
Shale
71
Based on the diagram, which describes why the summer solstice in Australia occurs in December and not in June?
The tilt causes solar rad. to reach Australia at a low angle of incidence
The tilt of Earth causes Australia to receive highly concentrated solar rad
The Earth is closest to the Sun due to its elliptical path
The tilt of Earth causes Australia to be closer to the Sun.
72
Name the Soil:
Sand = 20%; Silt = 50%; Clay = 30%
sandy clay loam
clay
silt loam
silty clay loam
