Combined: The Enlightenment & Revolutions

Question 1

In what area of belief were Voltaire and Diderot alike?

Accepted Answer

religious toleration

Question 2

Rousseau's idea of freedom included

Accepted Answer

doing what is best for the general will.

Question 3

He assembled knowledge and worked for the reform of society

Accepted Answer

Diderot

Question 4

A philosopher, speculated the nature of the atom, argued that females should be educated

Accepted Answer

Margaret Cavendish

Question 5

The French idea that eventually became part of the U.S. Constitution is

Accepted Answer

separation of powers

Question 6

Montesquieu developed the idea of

Accepted Answer

separation of powers.

Question 7

He wrote Two Treatises in which he refutes the idea that kings have a divine right to rule

Accepted Answer

John Locke

Question 8

Worked out the theory of combustion & invented the system of naming chemical elements

Accepted Answer

Antoine Lavoisier

Question 9

A philosopher, Stated that reason is the source of knowledge, proposed mind & matter to be separate

Accepted Answer

Rene Descartes

Question 10

He looked for natural laws governing people's social and political behavior

Accepted Answer

Montesquieu

Question 11

Discovered that planets have elliptical orbits around the sun

Accepted Answer

Johannes Kepler

Question 12

How were Enlightenment ideas shown in art and architecture?

Accepted Answer

Fancy, curving rococo became popular.

Question 13

Which leader tried to make real Enlightenment changes in his or her country?

Accepted Answer

Joseph II of Austria

Question 14

Was known for his work in the rococo style of painting made more than 550 paintings and several thousand drawings

Accepted Answer

Jean-Honore Fragonard

Question 15

What was the purpose of the Stamp Act?

Accepted Answer

to earn revenue for Britain

Question 16

If Voltaire saw the universe as a clock, who wound the clock?

Accepted Answer

God

Question 17

What did Kepler prove?

Accepted Answer

Copernicus's theory was right.

Question 18

What was a major obstacle to women improving their conditions during the Enlightenment?

Accepted Answer

the attitude of male intellectuals

Question 19

The Declaration of Independence declared that the colonies

Accepted Answer

were independent from the British Empire.

Question 20

Vesalius and Harvey contributed to the understanding of human anatomy by

Accepted Answer

dissecting bodies.

Question 21

How were coffeehouses like salons in spreading ideas of the Enlightenment?

Accepted Answer

Both brought people together to exchange news and ideas.

Question 22

How did the telescope contribute to Galileo's theories?

Accepted Answer

Through the telescope, Galileo could see how bodies in the universe moved

Question 23

The new scientific method of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries relied on

Accepted Answer

direct observation and experiment.

Question 24

Was an Austrian composer best known for symphonies, string quartets, religious choral music, and operas.

Accepted Answer

Wolfang Amadeus Mozart

Question 25

Proposed that the Earth and other planets move around the sun

Accepted Answer

Nicolaus Copernicus

Question 26

Much of the Bill of Rights was based on ideas from

Accepted Answer

the Enlightenment.

Question 27

The Enlightenment thinkers, or philosophes, tried to change the world by

Accepted Answer

using rational criticism.

Question 28

Why did women have to publish their scientific work anonymously?

Accepted Answer

Only men were considered scholars in those times.

Question 29

Why did the Catholic Church attack Galileo?

Accepted Answer

The system Galileo defended went against the Christian view of the universe

Question 30

Overall, the large powerful states of Europe treated Enlightenment principles as

Accepted Answer

interesting ideas but not practical.

Question 31

Why did the colonies organize the First Continental Congress?

Accepted Answer

The colonists wanted to counteract British policy

Question 32

Formulated laws of motion and gravitation, founded the science of light

Accepted Answer

Isaac Newton

Question 33

Britain and France fought against each other in both North America and

Accepted Answer

India

Question 34

Which of the following led to the Seven Years' War?

Accepted Answer

conflict over the succession to the Austrian throne.

Question 35

Why did the colonists write an entirely new constitution when they met to revise the Articles of Confederation?

Accepted Answer

The Articles of Confederation proved to be too weak to solve national issue

Question 36

Figured out how blood circulates through the body

Accepted Answer

William Harvey

Question 37

According to the scientific method, the best way to understand the physical world is to

Accepted Answer

use inductive reasoning.

Question 38

Prussia came out ahead at the end of the Seven Years' War in Europe because

Accepted Answer

the Russian ruler admired the Prussian ruler.

Question 39

How did France help the colonies during their war for independence?

Accepted Answer

France supplied arms and money as well as soldiers and officers.

Question 40

Why did the colonies fear having a strong central government?

Accepted Answer

The colonies had lived under the oppressive rule of a strong power.

Question 41

A philosopher, formulated the scientific method, proposed that science is inductive

Accepted Answer

Francis Bacon

Question 42

The federal system outlined in the new constitution contained

Accepted Answer

3 branches in which each branch has the power to restrain the other branche

Question 43

Concludes that economies work best when governments do not interfere much with private enterprise, father of capitalism

Accepted Answer

Adam Smith

Question 44

Under the _________ , the French transferred Canada and lands east of the Mississippi to England.

Accepted Answer

Treaty of Paris

Question 45

Which of the following is an amendment in the Bill of Rights?

Accepted Answer

freedom of religion

Question 46

Wrote the first anatomy textbook

Accepted Answer

Andreas Vesalius

Question 47

What was the final result of the war in North America?

Accepted Answer

Great Britain became the world's greatest colonial power.

Question 48

Enlightenment ideas included

Accepted Answer

freedom of religion.

Question 49

Ptolemy believed that the universe was geocentric, or

Accepted Answer

Earth-centered.

Question 50

Was a French visual rococo artist best known for his painting Mezzetin, typical of the art of the French

Accepted Answer

Jean-Antoine Watteau

Question 51

Discovered the relationship between the volume of a gas and the pressure exerted on it

Accepted Answer

Robert Boyle

Question 52

Discovered moons of Jupiter, sunspots, and mountains on the Earth’s moon

Accepted Answer

Galileo Galilei

Question 53

Discovered a comet & compiled significant observations about the planets

Accepted Answer

Maria Winkelmann

Question 54

The universal law of gravitation was proposed by

Accepted Answer

Newton

Question 55

He practiced Enlightenment ideals in his architectural work by combining secular and religious imagery.

Accepted Answer

Balthasar Neumann

Question 56

He argued that the natural world is good, believed that reason and emotion are important

Accepted Answer

Rousseau

Question 57

He advocated for religious tolerance and supported Deism

Accepted Answer

Voltaire

Question 58

According to Adam Smith, how would his ideas on economics affect a free and open market?

Accepted Answer

Businesspeople would make money overall.

Question 59

Rationalism is the belief that

Accepted Answer

reason is the chief source of knowledge.

Question 60

Britain was finally overpowered and surrendered after

Accepted Answer

Spain and the Dutch Republic entered the war.

Question 61

Why did Catherine the Great treat the Russian peasants badly?

Accepted Answer

The landed nobility were more important to her for keeping Russia strong.

Question 62

It was more important to Frederick the Great to have a powerful nation than to

Accepted Answer

follow all Enlightenment ideals.

Combined: The Enlightenment & Revolutions

Questions 62

Combined: The Enlightenment & Revolutions

Questions 62