Increase in stem diameter of a dicot plant occurs mostly as a result of

Production of vascular bundles by the cambium

The term "monoecious" means

Male and female flowers are found on the same individual plant

Why might a general contractor hire subcontractors?

To perform specialized construction tasks

When describing a soil, the term "structure" refers to:

The size and arrangement of pores in the soil

The planting hole for a Balled and Burlapped (B&B) tree should be

The depth of the soil ball and twice as wide as the soil ball

What is leaf pubescence?

The presence of hairs or fuzz on the leaves

A formal hedge should be pruned

By shearing the top and sides so that the base is wider than the top

What does OSHA stand for?

Occupational Safety and Health Administration

Dutch Elm disease, oak wilt, and verticillium wilt are all examples of

Fungal diseases affecting the vascular system

Which of the following types of winter injury to the landscape are caused by human error?

Dead grass next to a heavily salted front walk

What is included in 'man-made features'?

Existing buildings and utilities

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of B&B plants?

Usually small and easy to handle

Applications ___ are typically considered ill-advised when fertilizing trees

incorporated into the fill soil at the time of planting

When does a change order become part of the contract?

After parties have signed and dated it

Which of the following is NOT true when it comes to pruning evergreen plants?

Cutting back to bare wood promotes axillary bud growth and produce foliage

Which would be the best approach to adding supplemental irrigation to planting beds in the landscape, assuming no rain

One watering/week for a duration of 45 minutes

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Missouri Nursery/Landscape Knowledge

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Questions 200

Answers

1
Which of the following drawing medium is applied wet, drying to the touch in a few seconds?
Color marker
Graphite pencil
Colored pencil
Pastels
2
Increase in stem diameter of a dicot plant occurs mostly as a result of
Production of phloem cells by the cambium
Expansion of xylem cells produced by the cambium
Expansion of cells produced by the apical meristem
Production of vascular bundles by the cambium
3
The term "monoecious" means
Male and female flowers parts are found in the same flower
Male and female flowers are found on the same individual plant
Male and female flowers are present on the same branch
Male and female flowers are found on different individual plants
4
Why might a general contractor hire subcontractors?
To reduce the overall cost of the project
To provide additional supervision
To manage the project
To perform specialized construction tasks
5
When describing a soil, the term "structure" refers to:
The size and arrangement of pores in the soil
The distribution of particle sizes
The relative amounts of sand, silt, and clay
The amount of water and minerals in the soil
6
Calculate the slope ratio of a hill that has a total fall of 60" and 100' of run.
1:20
6:1
100:60
20:1
7
If the landscape necessitated a grade change of 16 ' how many steps with 6-7" rises would be required?
27-32 total steps
16-20 total steps
Not enough information provided to calculate
2-3 total steps
8
If 10% of a field is occupied by roads how many trees can be planted on 10 acres if trees are planted 8' x 8' apart?
4264
6125
612
956
9
How many feet are in an acre?
1,000 ft
2,840 ft
43,560 ft
640 ft
10
The planting hole for a Balled and Burlapped (B&B) tree should be
The depth of the soil ball and twice as wide as the soil ball
Twice the depth of the soil ball and the same diameter of soil ball
The depth of the soil ball and the width of the soil ball
Twice the depth of the soil ball and twice as the soil ball
11
When trimming plants into tight hedges, which of the following tools would be considered most appropriate?
Chain saw
Loppers
Sheers
Pruners
12
Which of the following is NOT typically included in a design cost estimate?
Cost of office supplies
Allowance for contingencies
Cost of site clearing and preparation
Cost of plant materials
13
What might a large weed population in a lawn indicate
Poor soil conditions
Adequate watering
Excellent soil conditions
High levels of nutrients
14
If an irrigation pipe is feeding 4 sprinkler heads, each emitting 3 GPM, what is the total irrigation flow requirement
12 GPM
48 GPM
Total flow depends upon how long the system runs
Total flow depends upon the available water pressure
15
What type of night lighting consists of the light being placed behind the plant?
Back lighting
Down lighting
Shadow lighting
Silhouette lighting
16
What is leaf pubescence?
The color of the leaves
The size of the leaves
The shape of the leaves
The presence of hairs or fuzz on the leaves
17
The harder the pencil lead is, the higher the B rating is.
False
True
18
___ emitters apply water directly to the root zone of the plant(s) being irrigated...
Spray
Flood
Drip
Rotary
19
A formal hedge should be pruned
By shearing the top only
By shearing the top and sides so that the top is wider than the base
By shearing the top and sides so that the sides are perfectly verticle
By shearing the top and sides so that the base is wider than the top
20
A vine that commonly grows on fence posts and poles in full sun
English Ivy
Virginia creeper
Trumpet Creeper
Boston Ivy
21
What does OSHA stand for?
None of the Above
Occupational Spine and Heart Association
Oceanic Safety and Health Association
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
22
How many impatiens plants would be needed to fill a 10' x 15' planting bed if you are instructed to position 12" O.C.
200+
25-30
None of the above
150
23
What is the run:rise ratio of the terrain associated with 33% slope?
1:3 ratio
1:4 ratio
3:1 ratio
4:1 ratio
24
Dutch Elm disease, oak wilt, and verticillium wilt are all examples of
Bacterial root rot diseases
Fungal root diseases
Fungal diseases affecting the vascular system
Bacterial diseases affecting the vasuclar problem
25
When removing a 3" branch from a tree, which of the following tools should be used?
Hand pruner
Pruning saw
Hatchet
Lopper
26
About how many wave Petunias would be needed to fill a 20' x 8' planting bed if you are instructed to position 12" O.C.
25-30
None of these
200+
150-175
27
___ is the marketing term used to describe water management considerations in the selection and positioning of plants
Xeriscaping
Hydroscaping
Irrigating
Zeroscaping
28
Which of the following types of winter injury to the landscape are caused by human error?
Deep ruts cut into the lawn in front of a house
Dead grass next to a heavily salted front walk
Crumbling paving resulting from too much salt
All of these
29
Which design principle utilizes the repetition of material, color, theme, etc. to tie together the individual component
Unity
Simplicity
Symmetry
Proportion
30
If irrigation pipe feeds 6 sprinkler heads each emitting 3 GPM what's the total irrigation flow requirement for the pipe
Total flow depends upon how long the system runs
18 GPM
63 GPM
Total flow depends upon the available water pressure
31
Which feature of a plant can make it unsuitable for areas with high foot traffic?
Shape or silhouette
Flowering characteristics
Thorns
Leaf pubescence
32
The best time to start a bermudagrass athletic field by seeding would be
July
May
September
March
33
What is the percent (%) slope associated with terrain recorded at a 3:1 slope ratio of run to rise?
3.3% slope
67% slope
6.7% slope
33% slope
34
Trunk caliper of a shade tree in a nursery or landscape is measured
2 feet from the soil surface
6 inches from the soil surface
at the soil surface
at chest height (4 1/2 ft)
35
Which of the following plants would best be described as an "herbaceous perennial"?
Winter Creeper Euonymus
Hosta
Crape Myrtle
Rose of Sharon
36
What is included in 'man-made features'?
Existing buildings and utilities
Terrain and topography
Soil qualities and microclimates
Prevailing winds and annual rainfall
37
Which of the following is NOT an advantage of B&B plants?
Less disturbance to root system
Allows for longer transplanting
Usually small and easy to handle
Allows for large plants to be transplanted
38
How do plant leaves produced in high light intensities differ from those produced under reduced light conditions?
They are smaller and thicker
They are more colorful
They are less efficient at capturing light
They are larger and thinner
39
Applications ___ are typically considered ill-advised when fertilizing trees
beneath and just beyond the drip line of the tree periodically
None of the above
incorporated into the fill soil at the time of planting
at the nursery before digging
40
___ irrigation heads move and propel water in a circular pattern.
Spray
Drip
Rotary
Flood
41
What units are used to express light intensity?
Lux and footcandles
Watts and joules
Candela and lumens
Lumens and watts
42
Which colors of light are most beneficial for photosynthesis in plants?
Green and yellow
Orange and purple
Blue and red
White and black
43
Which of the following views is best described as fore shortened and is used to illustrate design concepts only?
Plan View
Perspective View
Elevation View
Axonometric View
44
A ___ plant, can go dormant but returns each year. A ___ plant completes their cycle in a single growing season.
Biennial : Annual
Perennial : Biennial
Biennial : Perennial
Perennial : Annual
45
The state flower of Missouri is
Redbud
Dogwood
Tulip
Hawthorn
46
What principle of landscape design best matches the definition: maintaining proper size relations between elements
Focalization of Interest
Simplicity
Principle of proportion
Balance
47
When does a change order become part of the contract?
When the contractor agrees
After the project is completed
Before the project starts
After parties have signed and dated it
48
Roses and euonymus are all commonly affected by which of the following bacterial plant diseases?
Anthracnose
Crown gall
Rust
Black spot
49
Which of the following is NOT true when it comes to pruning evergreen plants?
"Pinching back" new growth candles will promote closer branching whorls
Cutting back to bare wood promotes axillary bud growth and produce foliage
When "Heading back" everygreens, prune back to a lateral branch or bud
None of the above
50
Which of the four species listed below is the most tolerant of high temperature
Kentucky Bluegrass
Zoysia
Perennial Ryegrass
Tall Fescue
51
Which would be the best approach to adding supplemental irrigation to planting beds in the landscape, assuming no rain
One water/day for a duration of 10 minutes
Twice a day watering during the summer months
One watering/week for a duration of 45 minutes
Planting beds need no supplemental irrigation if covered in organic mulch
52
Which of the following plants would best be described as an herbaceous-stemmed ornamental plant?
Bearded Iris
Butterfly Bush
Turf-type Tall Fescue
Southern Magnolia
53
A good reason to substitute London Planetree for American Sycamore in the landscape is
Susceptibility of sycamore to anthracnose
Susceptibility of sycamore to powdery mildew
Susceptibility of sycamore to sycamore rust
Susceptibility of sycamore to fire blight
54
What type of pesticide formulation is often used for herbicides?
Emulsifiable concentrates
Solutions
Granules and pellets
Gels
55
When describing a soil, the term "structure" refers to:
The relative amounts of sand, silt and clay
The distribution of particle sizes
The size and arrangement of pores in the soil
The amount of water and minerals in the soil
56
Calculate the % slope of a hill that has a total fall of 72" in 60' of run.
83%
8.3%
12%
10%
57
Which of the following should not be used to improve the structure and permeability of a poorly drained clay soil?
Incorporating gypsum into the soil prior to planting
All of the above methods will help to improve lay soil structure
Covering the area with composted manure and incorporating it into the soil
Incorporating 10 cubic feet of sand/1000 square feet of planting area
58
An insect with complete metamorphosis would go through which stages?
Egg, larva, pupa, adult
Egg nymph, larva, adult
Egg, pupa, nymph, adult
Egg, pupa, larva, adult
59
In landscape lighting design, where should a spot-light be placed to illuminate the trunk and inner branch structure be
Behind the plant
In front of the plant
At the base of the plant
Above the plant
60
The purpose of edging a bed is to
Hold the mulch within the bed
Improve drainage
Divert surface water
Discourage turf roots from entering the bed
61
When planting a balled and burlapped (BB) tree, the root crown should be located ___.
no more than 1-2" below final soil grade.
at least 8-10" above final soil grade
under a minimum of a 6" depth of organic bark mulch
at or somewhat above final soil grade
62
If a driveway is 50' long in reality, how long will it's symbol be on a drawing with a scale of 1"=20'-0"?
25"
2.5"
5"
7.25"
63
Which of the following is most likely to have its flowers injured by a freeze in spring?
Lilac
Oak-leaf Hydrangea
Weigela
Star Magnolia
64
What is the number one problem of the nursery industry?
Urbanization
Societal changes
Climate change
Staffing
65
A ___ plant goes dormant at the end of a season, will return to garden each year __ complete life cycle in one season
Perennial : Annual
Perennial : Biennial
Biennia : Annual
Biennial : Perennial
66
___ is the trademarked term used to describe water conservation techniques in landscaping
Zeroscaping
Xeriscaping
Hydro-zoning
Irrigating
67
If a driveway is 50' long in reality, how long will it's symbol be on a drawing with a scale of 1"=20'-0"?
25"
7.25"
2.5"
5"
68
The term "monoeceous" means
Male and female flowers are found on the same individual plant
Male and female flower parts are found in the same flower
Male and female flowers are present on the same branch
Male and female flowers are found on different individual plants
69
What does the label "Caution" identify?
A non-toxic chemical
A highly toxic chemical
A moderately toxic chemical
A slightly toxic chemical
70
Which season is usually considered the proper time to fertilize and apply pre-emergent herbicides to lawns in Missouri?
Early Spring
Early Winter
Early Summer
Early Fall
71
Which of the following is a fungal leaf spot disease commonly found on non-resistant crabapples?
Fire blight
Scab
Anthracnose
Black spot
72
What mulch will reduce water loss & the soil and improve the overall aesthetic when applied around landscape planting
Neither
Inorganic mulch
Organic mulch
Both
73
What is the action threshold in an IPM?
The point in which pest management is too expensive
The legal limit of pesticide use
The point in which mechanical treatment is ineffective
The point in which the presence of pests is unacceptable
74
Which of the following is true regarding the order by which plants are listed in proper design plant list?
Plants are listed by quantity, most to least
Plants are listed alphabetically by their common name
Plants are listed by quantity, least to most
Plants are listed alphabetically by their botanical nomenclature
75
How deep should mulch be applied to be effective as a weed retardant?
4 to 5 inches
3 to 4 inches
1 to 2 inches
2 to 3 inches
76
The pH of a soil is a measure of
The content of hydrogen ions (H+)
The ability of the soil to hold negatively charged nutrient ions
The ability of the soil to hold positively charged nutrient ions
The water holding capacity of the soil
77
What is the purpose of guidelines in hand lettering
To assure correct placement of labels and wording
To match the style of the lettering to the presentation style
To monitor line quality
To control the size and style of the letters
78
___ is the state tree of Missouri and ___ is Missouri's state flower
Dogwood : Hawthorn
Dogwood : Primrose
Hawthorn : Primrose
Hawthorn : Dogwood
79
If your soil has neutral pH level of 6.5 how many pounds of dolomitic limestone per 1000 SF are needed to raise pH level
90#
0#
20#
52#
80
Which of the following list the pesticide label signal words in order from most to least toxic?
Caution, Danger, Warning
Danger, Warning, Caution
Danger, Caution, Warning
Warning, Caution, Danger
81
The act of removing the lower ring(s) of the branches of a tree for pedestrian or equipment clearance is known as ___.
Thinning
Crown Raising
Cleaning
Topping
82
Scotch pine is a poor choice for an ornamental tree due to its susceptibility to a usually fatal disease caused by:
A needle blight fungus
A bacterial leaf spot
A tip blight fungus
A nematode
83
A stomach poison type of insecticide would be most likely to control
Thrips
Scale insects
Caterpillars
Mites
84
The outdoor room where you would locate garden tools and compost bins would be the ___ area.
Family living
Public
Private living
Service
85
What is a key characteristic of deciduous trees
They have multiple stems
They lose their leaves during the winter season
They are usually shorter than shrubs
They retain their leaves during the winter season
86
What is the prime objective of Xeriscaping
Reduce growth of weeds
Reducing water demand
Reducing non-native plants
Reducing use of turf grass
87
Disadvantages of Waxed Press-on Letters include:
Wasteful
Time Consuming
Expensive and Wasteful
Expensive
88
The outdoor room where you would locate outdoor napping or reading spaces would be in the ___ area.
service
public
family living
private living
89
Whats the actual diameter of a circular deck drawn with compass set for a 1.5" radius if the drawing has a 1/8"=1' scale
3 inches
24 feet
12 feet
48 feet
90
What is the percent (%) slope associated with terrain recorded at a 3:1 slope ratio of run to rise?
6.7% slope
3.3% slope
33% slope
67% slope
91
When planning interior plantscapes, which is the most important of all light sources?
Fluorescent grow lamps
High-pressue sodium lamps
None of the above
Natural sunlight
92
What factors affect the resulting color and brilliance of marker renderings?
The brand of markers
The speed of application
The color of the paper
The type of markers used
93
How many lbs. of fertilizer for 100x100ft with 20-12-5 fertilizer at 2 lbs of nitrogen per 1000 ft²
100 lbs
167 lbs
4 lbs
10 lbs
94
The exterior portion of a home where the family typically entertains and caries their indoor activities outdoors is what
Service area
Public area
None of the above
General use or living area
95
How many lbs of 10:10:10 fertilizer will you have to apply to achieve a recommended 20#s of nitrogen per 1000 SF of turf
2# per 1000 SF
200# per 1000 SF
400# per 1000 SF
100# per 1000 SF
96
A plant originally priced at $50.00 is on sale at 20% off. If sales tax is 7% what should a customer pay for a plant?
$47.00
$42.80
$48.35
$38.50
97
Both White and Green Ash have become poor choices for use as shade trees in U.S. due to susceptibility issue caused by
Nematodes
A fungus
Boring insects
A virus
98
Which of the following is an example of a cool season perennial broadleaf weed?
Chickweed
Field bindweed
Dandelion
Purslane
99
How are Heat zones figured?
Average temperature of an area
How often temperature reach below freezing
Tracking the number of days that the temp was higher than 86 F
The highest temperature an area experiences over a 5-year period
100
The most effective way to control henbit would be applying a
Broadleaf herbicide in fall
Pre-emergence herbicide in the fall
Pre-emergence herbicide in the spring
Broadleaf herbicide in spring
101
Divididng and defining landscape areas based upon low, moderate, and high water use plants is known as
Xeriscaping
Zeroscaping
Hydro-zoning
Irrigating
102
The three major use areas in a typical residential landscape design are
Formal, informal, service
Public, informal, service
Public, private, service
Formal, private, service
103
Which design principle is best described by the concern for size relationships between all the features of the landscape
Symmetry
Simplicity
Proportion
Unity
104
Green Ash is a poor choice for a shade tree in Missouri due to its susceptibility to a usually fatal issue caused by ___
Elm Borers
Pine Sawyer Beetles
Nematodes
Emerald Ash Borers
105
Trunk caliper of a shade tree in a nursery or landscape is measured
2' up from the soil surface
At the soil surface
6" up from the soil surface
At chest height (4 1/2')
106
A newly planted lawn should not be mowed until the turf reaches height of ___. At that point it should be mowed to ___.
2" : 1"
3"-4" : 1.5"-2"
4" : 3"
2.5"-3" : 1.25"-1.5"
107
If a sandy soil has a pH level of 6.5 how many lbs of dolomitic limestone per 1000 SF are needed to raise pH.
52#
90#
0#
20#
108
Which of the following design views offer measurable and scaled dimensions?
Axonometric view
Plan view
Elevation view
All of the above
109
Which of the following is an example of a warm season, perennial, broadleaf weed?
Dandelion
Field Bindweed
Chickweed
White clover
110
What does the density of a plant's canopy refer to?
The amount of foliage with and without leaves
The number of flowers the plant produces
The height of the plant
The thickness of the plant's roots
111
A newly planted lawn should not be mowed until turf reaches height of ___. After you should avoid removing more than ___
2.5"-3" : 1/3
2" : 1/2
4" : 1/3
3"-4" : 1/2
112
Which type of evergreens are most susceptible to windburn?
Needled evergreens
Deciduous trees
Conifers
Broad-leaved evergreens
113
What are the categories of winter injury?
Natural and Human-Induced
Windburn
Natural
Human-Induced
114
To what height should the grass be cut back during the first mowing?
1 1/4 to 1 1/2 inches
1 to 1 1/4 inches
1 1/2 to 2 inches
1/2 to 1 inch
115
How are plant species listed in a plant list?
In random order
In alphabetical order by both botanical and common names in adjacent column
In alphabetical order by common names only
In alphabetical order by botanical names only
116
Which of the following plants would best be described as an "herbaceous perennial"
Rose of Sharon
Crape Myrtle
Winter Creeper Euonymus
Hosta
117
Which design principles touts the utilization of fewer species of plants in larger and massed quantities?
Proportion
Unity
Simplicity
Symmetry
118
___ plants have evolved naturally in certain geographic location ___ plants entered country as exotics, have adapted
Exotic : naturalized
Native : Exotic
Native : Naturalized
Naturalized : Exotic
119
How many saw cuts should be made when removing a 4" diameter limb from a mature maple tree
One cut should be fine
Zero, removing a branch of that size would likely kill the tree
Two, undercut the branch once, then make the final cut just beyond collar
Three, undecut once, then utilize two-more cuts to completed remove branch
120
Which of the drawing types is most concerned with relationships between the proposed use areas of the landscape
Site analyses checklist and sketch
Preliminary design
Functional or Bubble diagram
Final Plans
121
Which following views is best described as a measurable drawing that's capable of showing multiple sides of an object?
Perspective View
Elevation View
Plan View
Axonometric View
122
If a red-leafed Japanese Maple is positioned within a bed of mixed hosta and ferns, the Japanese Maple is what category
Native Plant
Naturalized Plant
Accent Plant
Specimen Plant
123
When mowing turfgrass, avoid removing more than ___ of the blade length each Cutting.
2/3
1/3
1/4
1/2
124
___ plant may go dormant, but comes back each year. ___ plants on the other hand complete their cycle in two seasons
Biennial : Perennial
Perennial : Annual
Biennial : Annual
Perennial : Biennial
125
The first year of biennial plant growth is directed towards ___?
Root etablishment
Herbaceous growth
Flower growth
Reproduction
126
On a grading plan, contour elevations are labeled directly on the contour line or on the __ elevation side between lines
lower
elevations are only labeled directly on the contour lines
higher
level
127
How do massing plants contribute to the principle of balance in landscape design?
By being the tallest plants in the landscape
By being used in small numbers
By having bright, contrasting colors
By filling large areas and creating a sense of unity and cohesion
128
Irrigation pipe feeds 12 sprinkler heads, each emitting 3 GPM, what's the total irrigation flow required for the pipe?
Total flow depends upon the available water pressure
36 GPM
Total flow depends upon how long the system runs
18 GPM
129
What is the role of accent plants in landscape design?
To fill large amounts of space
To break up the landscape
To provide ground cover
To counterbalance a specimen plant without competing for attention
130
Elongation of a tree's branches occurs as a result of division and expansion of cells produced by:
The intercalary meristem
The cork cambium
The apical meristem
The vascular cambium
131
The major use areas in typical residential design are:
Formal, informal, service
Service, private, public
Formal, private, service
Public, private, informal
132
When pruning trees, never remove more than ___ of the total leaf producing branches in a growing season.
2/3
1/4
1/2
1/3
133
What is the most precise method of tracking job costs and determining the correct price to charge a client?
Time-based pricing
Unit pricing
Comparison method
Estimation method
134
The proper way to write the name for a Red Sunset Maple is
Acer rubrum 'Red Sunset'
Acer rubrum 'Red Sunset'
Acer rubrum "Red sunset"
Acer rubrum-Red Sunset
135
If a red-leafed Japanese Maple is positioned within a bed of mixed hosta and ferns, the hosta and fern is what category
Specimen Plants
Naturalized Plants
Massing Plants
Accent Plants
136
8lbs seed per 1000ft²and seed costs $12 per lb, what will the total cost of seed for a 100x10 ft lawn
$614
$96
$768
$12
137
The act of removing only the damaged, dead, or problematic branches when pruning a tree is known as ___ cleaning
Topping
Trimming
Cleaning
Thinning
138
The zones on the USDA hardniness zone map are determined by:
The species of plants which are found in the zone
The average yearly minimum tmperature in the zone
The lowest temperature every recorded in the zone
The average yearly temperature in the zones
139
Turfgrass absorbs .25 inches of water per hour. Sprinkler applies 1 inch/hour. What percentage is lost to runoff
50%
87.5%
25%
75%
140
Which of the following is an example of a hardy bulb?
Dahlia
Begonia
Gladiolus
Tulip
141
What view type allows fo runrealistic observation of multiple sides of an object?
Elevation view
Axonometric view
Plan view
Perspective view
142
Which of the following would be considered a natural site characteristic noted during a site inventory?
Terrain features
Nearness of public transportation
Style of structural architecture
Swimming pool
143
The outdoor room where you would locate garden tools and compost bins would be the ___ area.
Public
Family living
Service
Private living
144
What does 'topography' record?
The directions of surface water drainage
The depth of the frost line
The record of an area's terrain
The rise and fall of the land
145
Which of the following components could you likely find in a functional aesthetic waterfall feture in landscape?
Bio-filter
Skimmer
Pump
All of the above
146
A pesticide that is moderately likely to cause acute illness if inhaled, absorbed by skin or swallowed would be labeled
Caution
Warning
Danger
Hazard
147
Why are turf grasses more immediately affected by environmental conditions than other landscape plants?
They have comparatively shallow root systems
They have deeper root systems
They grow faster
They require less water
148
A bank with a slope of 20% has a:
Rise of 1 foot for every 20 feet of run
Rise of 5 feet for every 1 foot of run
Rise of 1 foot for every 5 feet of run
Rise of 20 feet for every 1 foot of run
149
Bedroom window is open throughout the year, garden sculpture placed into a line planting so it can be seen from window
Focalization of interest
Proportion
Balance
Unity
150
What is the purpose of guidelines in hand lettering?
To control the size and style of the letter
To match the style of the lettering to the presentation style
To assure correct placement of labels and wording
To monitor line quality
151
A pesticide that is moderately likely to cause acute illness if inhaled, absorbed by skin or swallowed is what signal
Danger
Caution
Warning
Hazard
152
The act of removing dead, dying, rubbing, or damaged branches from within the canopy of a tree is known as ___
Topping
Crown Raising
Thinning
Cleaning
153
Which of the following is not considered a method for maintenance reduction in the landscape?
Placing plants in proper sun exposures
Maintaining consistent and proper mulch depth
Designing space for a plant's full size at maturity
Increased Size of Turf Areas
154
If the designer places trees of similar size/shape to each side of a driveway entrance gate, which principle is utilized
Unity
Rhythm of Line
Balance
Focalization of interest
155
What is the purpose of the outdoor ceiling in an outdoor room?
To increase the size of the outdoor room
To add color to the outdoor room
To define the upper limits of the outdoor room
To provide surfacing for the outdoor room
156
Which of the following is a bacterial disease commonly affecting fruit trees?
Apple scab
Anthracnose
Black spot
Crown Gall
157
The caliper of a shade tree sold from a nursery is typically measured ___
Approximately 6" above the root crown
At the soil surface
At typical chest height (4 1/2 ft)
At the highest reachable point
158
Which would be a legitimate maintenance concern for a properly functioning aesthetic waterfall feature in a landscape?
Algae growth
Water loss due to evaporation, splash and/or leaks
All the above
Pump winterization
159
The pH factor of a soil is a measure of
The ability of the soil to hold positively charged nutrient ions
The content of hydrogen ions (H+)
The ability of the soil to hold negatively charged nutrient ions
The water holding capacity of the soil
160
What is the primary purpose of a bid bond?
To provide funding for the project
To guarantee that the selected bider will honor the bid if selected
To ensure the project is completed on time
To reduce the cost of the project
161
Which of the following is not one of the seven (7) principles of Xericaping?
Increased Size of Turf Areas
Appropriate Maintenance
Proper Planning and Design
Mulching
162
The planting hole for a balled and burlapped (BB) tree should be
The depth of the ball and the width of the ball
Slightly less than the depth of the ball and twice the width of the ball
Twice the depth of the soil ball and the same width of the soil ball
Twice the depth and width of the soil ball
163
What information does the "Purity" section of the seed analysis label provide?
The percentage of weed seeds in the mixture
The percentage, by weight, of pure grass seed
The percentage of crop seeds
The percentage of inert material
164
Which is true about lettering regardless of the method you utilize?
The First Letter Of Each Word Must Be Consistently Uppercase
YOU MUST UTILIZE ALL UPPERCASE LETTERS THROUGHOUT THE DESIGN
you may not utilize all lowercase letters
case consistency required throughout document, regardless of case selected
165
A garden sculpture is placed in line planting so it's seen from client bedroom window year round, what principle is used
Balance
Unity
Proportion
Focalization of interest
166
What are the three types of balance in landscape design?
Symmetric, asymmetric, and proximal/distal
Natural, artificial, and mixed
Formal, informal, and radial
Horizontal, vertical, and diagonal
167
Whcih of the following should not be a column heading on a proper plant list of a landsape plan?
Botanical Name
Price
Quantity
Size
168
Based on the meristematic growing point locations in monocot and dicot plants which of the following statements is true
Controlled burns are effective to eliminate grass and weeds invading
Trimming maiden grass to height at or below 6" above ground is effective
All of the above
Pruning conifers below line of vegetative growth is good to regen foliage
169
Which of the following herbicide types will kill any plant it contacts
Pre-emergent
Nonselective
Selective
Post Emerent
170
Emergent, submerged, and floating describe types of ___ utilized in successful aesthetic and ethological water gardens
views
lighting
plants
fish
171
__ season grass is best done in spring just before summer months, __ season grass in late fall through very early spring
Warm : Cool
Annual : Perennial
Perennial : Annual
Cool : Warm
172
Which of the following drawing types is most concerned with relationships between proposed used areas of the landscape?
Preliminary design
Functional or Bubble diagram
Sit analyses checklist and sketch
Final plans
173
Which type of bulb are fleshy storage organs which usually bloom only once per season but typically perennial by nature
Neither
Both
Hardy bulbs
Tender bulbs
174
On a topographic map of a site, proposed contours are shown as a ___ line. Existing contours are shown as a ___ line
Dashed or Faded : Solid or Darkened
Solid or Darkened : Dashed or Faded
Red : Green
Green : Red
175
What does the term "hardscape" refer to in the landscape industry?
Only the pathways in a landscape
Plant materials in a landscape
Natural elements like rocks and soil
Everything in the landscape composition other than palnt materials
176
If the landscape necessitated a grade change of 56", how many steps with 12" treads would be required?
7-9 total steps
10-12 total steps
Not enough information provided to caculate
5-6 total steps
177
What is the optimum spacing for planting Hostas?
18 in
6 in
24 in
12 in
178
Which of the can be pruned back to near the ground in March without sacrificing flowering during the same growing season
Flowering Quince
Crape Myrtle
Lilac
Forsythia
179
How many trees can be planted on an acre if they are planted 12 feet apart in rows that are 12 feet apart
17
302
3630
144
180
Which of the following plants would be most likely to die if planted in a site with poor soil drainage?
Inkberry
Redoiser Dogwood
Privet
Yew
181
About how many hosta plants would be needed to fill a 20' x 15' planting bed if you are instructed to position 12" O.C.
500+
120
300
None of the above
182
A coniferous evergreen row of trees, properly positioned 75' to the north and west of a building could ___.
slow winter speeds reducing windchill effect and provide privacy screen
allow solar warming of the structure through narrow crowns during winter
provide summer coding, shading the structure from the sun
provide upper-level deck privacy during the summer months
183
___ advertising has come on in recent years as a more effective form of hi-lighting the services and skills of a company
Social media and website based
Newspaper, magazine, and print
Word-of-mouth
Radio and television
184
What is the maximum branch diameter that hand pruners can cut?
1 inch
1/8 inch
1/4 inch
1/2 inch
185
The physical properties of plants that are most important as visual elements in a landscape design are:
Form, scale, and balance
Symmetry, color, and texture
Size, Scale, and line
Form, Texture, and Color
186
How can a pencil be modified to create line-width variation?
By using a broad nib
By using a sandpaper pad to widen and flatten the point
By sharpening it to a fine point
By using a technical pen
187
When describing a soil's structure you would be referring to
The relative amounts of sand, silt, and clay
The size and arrangement of pores in the soil
The distribution of particle sizes
The amount of water and minerals in the soil
188
How much active phosphorus is in a 50 lb. bag of 20-15-5?
1.5 lbs.
7.5 lbs.
15 lbs.
8 lbs.
189
What additional words may follow the genus and epithet names of a plant to fully describe it?
Subspecies and form
Common names
Variety or cultivar names
Family and order names
190
When hand-lettering a design, what happens when the middle guideline of a 3-line style is raised or lowered from center?
Nothing happens
The letters become wider
The weight of the lettering shifts with the center line
More space will be needed between letters
191
Roses and euonymus are all commonly affected by which of the following bacterial plant diseases?
Crown gall
Rust
Anthracnose
Black spot
192
An example of photoperiodism is
Legginess of a plant grown in low light conditions
Flowering of a plant in response to long nights
Upward bending of shoot tips when a plant is placed in horizontal position
Bending of a sunflower to follow the sun
193
Which type of bulb are fleshy storage organs which need to be lifted after flowering, stored each winter, and replanted
Neither
Tender bulbs
Both
Hardy bulbs
194
Which of the following is the most shade tolerant species of turf grass?
Fine fescue
Kentucky Bluegrass
Tall Fescue
Bermudagrass
195
Which type of mulch requires the use of an underlying weed preventative fabric in order to provide adequate weed control
Inorganic mulch
Organic mulch
Both
Neither
196
Which design principle is best described by concern for size relationships between all of the features of the landscape?
Proportion
symmetry
Unity
Simplicity
197
The soil ball on a shade tree with a stem caliper of 2 inches should be about
36 inches in diameter
12 inches in diameter
6 inches in diameter
24 inches in diameter
198
If a designer replicates strong lines of an existing wooded tree line with similarly shaped patio what principle is used
Unity
Rhythm of Line
Balance
Focalization of interest
199
Which of the following is a physical feature that determines a plant's suitability for particular uses
Soil pH
Amount of sunlight
Mature size and rate of growth
Watering frequency
200
When utilizing a hardy and cold sensitive plant, what's the most effective location to prevent winter leaf scorch?
North side of the structure
Southeast corner of the structure
Northwest corner of the structure
South side of the structure

Missouri Nursery/Landscape Knowledge Flashcards | StudBud