AP EURO Unit 1 Test

Everything intentionally and unintentionally traded exchanged and culturally adapted everywhere

Europeans __________ and settled overseas territories, encountering and interacting with indigenous populations.

Established direct trade throughout Asia- richer and more powerful than England's company

First to divide history into 3 actions: ancient, medieval, modern

Extension of the Italian Renaissance to Europe; it took on a more religious nature than the Italian Renaissance

System with Spanish at the top and Native Americans at the bottom

Which of the following were navigational instruments

What is the Great Schism?

__________ ,for some, it served as a justification for the subjugation of indigenous civilizations.

Europeans established _______ ________ and trade networks through coercion and negotiation.

Where did the Black Death start?

Invention to help turns and to stay on course

The new concept of the __ state + ___ systems of law played a central role in the creation of new political institutions

Europeans derived their livelihood from agriculture, but economic changes began to alter ______ production and power

A monopoly contract between Spanish Crown and merchants for the right to provide African slaves to colonies in New World

Price Revolution: What caused inflation?

Wrote The Prince: Stating 1)Art of War 2)Ends justify means 3)Fear > Loved

Which is NOT a precursor to the deveolpment and begining of the Italian Renaissance? (Context)

Spanish System: Native Americans would be used for labor in return for enlightenment of catholicism and protection

Determines the lattitude

The ___ contributed to the expansion of the market economy through the commercialization of agriculture

Europe’s colonial expansion led to a global exchange of goods, and expansion of ____________

the principle of separation of the state from religious institutions:

Monarchs, including the English rulers _____ + _____ initiated religious reform in an effort to exercise greater control

The ____ incorporated the new ideas of the Renaissance and were used to promote personal, political, and religious goals

What happened to the prestige of the Church after the Great Schism?

European society and the experiences of everyday life were increasingly shaped by commercial and __________ capitalism

Invention that help countries conquer land easier

The Italian Renaissance was the rediscovery of what?

_________ change produced new social patterns, while traditions of hierarchy and status continued

A Humanists, ________, promoted a revival in classical literature+created new philological approaches to ancient texts

Spanish for "conqueror" - soldier who participated in conquest of indigenous peoples of Latin America EX: Hernan Cortes

Attempts of landlords to increase their revenues by restricting/abolishing the traditional rights of peasants led to ___

the language or dialect spoken by the ordinary people in a particular country or region:

a small, fast Spanish or Portuguese sailing ship of the 15th–17th centuries.

A female scholar of the classics-wrote a piece so good people believed a man must have written it

An artists who painted himself to see what he can do-he painted himself as Jesus

Portugeuse () who promoted the study of navigation and directed voyages of exploration down the western coast of Africa

An Artist: The Arnolfini Portrait,

the sea journey undertaken by slave ships from West Africa to the West Indies.

Renaissance artists :1st freestanding nude sculpture since classical antiquity; David

European states sought direct access to gold, spices, and luxury goods to enhance personal wealth and ___________

Wages going up ...

An agreement between Francis I and the pope that gave both of them power

Some Renaissance humanists furthered the values of ________ and _________.

Invented the printing press

Bank located in the netherlands-funded exploration-stock exchanges

A national bank that funded exploration. Located in London-beginning of stock exchanges

was an Italian poet and court writer for King Charles VI of France and several French dukes.

An Italian Courtier - who wrote about how to be a courtier

Artists: later, he would have a religious conversion that made him regret focusing so much on pagan gods and goddesses

Christian humanism, embodied in the writings of _____, employed Renaissance learning in the service of religious reform.

_____ laid the foundation for the centralized modern state by establishing monopolies on tax collection (Wanted Control)

Classics AND wanted to fuse christian virtues and classical ideals- moral/institutional reform rather than individualism

European nations were driven by commercial and religious ________ to explore overseas territories and establish colonies

France and England competed against ___ and ____ for land in the New World

the________ served to consolidate power in the monarchy of the newly unified Spanish kingdom

A secret English court used to deal with aristocrats who threatened royal power-by Henry VII of England-no jury

An artist who paints for the King of England

The invention of the printing press helped spread the Renaissance beyond Italy + encouraged the growth of ___ literature

Helped to determine cardinal direction

The struggle for sovereignty within and among states resulted in varying degrees of political ___________.

Rulers and popes concerned with enhancing their prestige ___ paintings and architectural works based on classical styles

A woman who governed and learned Greek and Latin

A more accurate map to determine nautical-flat scale

The rise of _____ gave the state a new role in promoting commercial development and the acquisition of colonies overseas

A female leader who established courts, a library and ruled effectively

A revival of ____________ led to new methods of scholarship and new values in both society and religion.

Who gained power in the 100 Years' War?

Renaissance man who worked for Henry VIII-Wrote Utopia (meaning no where)Based on Plato’s Republic, Religious toleration

Humanism with the added belief that one must be an active and contributing member to one's society

Period of great cultural change- began in Italy during the 14-16th c., the change from Mediaval -> Early Modern Europe

Powerful family that basically ran the government from behind the scenes

Who fought in the 100 Years' War?

Invention used to make sailing increase speed and go windward

Native Americans used as labor in return for enlightenment and protection-Otherwise known as the __________

Agreement that spilt the Americas between Spain and Portugal but accidently gave portugal a little bit of South America

Devoted most of his life to protecting NA peoples from exploitation-created a law, which limited Spanish control over NA

Artist: St. Peter's BasillicaOne of largest, most ornate spaces ever,Pope Julius II commissioned it

_________ was a stimulus for exploration as governments and religious authorities sought to spread the faith

a city that with its surrounding territory forms an independent state EX: Milan, Venice, Florence, Papal, Napals/Sicily

An Italian Renaissance nobleman and philosopher. Wrote Oration-Man has a choice between heaven and hell. Man is the best

Centuries long "reconquest" of spain from the muslims-culminated w/ the conquest of the last muslim stronghold, granada

_____ used historical criticism to discredit an 8th c. document- a religious text wasn't written in Christ time

Renaissance Artist: Painted the Sistine Chapel and The School of Athens

_____ established colonies across the Americas the Caribbean, and the Pacific which made ( ) a dominant state in Europe

What main two ways paid for exploration?

Rulers that led spain/worked to strengthen royal control/embodied power of the state/controlled catholic church

Joint stock company that controlled most of India during the period of imperialism-controlled life in India for 200+ yrs

What were the main reasons for exploration?

The 100 Years' War actually lasted 100 years?

The competition for trade created ____ and ____ in the 17-18th centuries

Famous artists- sculpted David (Out of an abandoned piece of marble)

When slaves are taken from the African coast- they position becomes

The exchange of new plants/animals/diseases, _________, in some cases facilitated European mistreatment of native people

The invention of the _____________ promoted the dissemination of new ideas.

Determines angle between horizon and celestial body

The _______ established a commercial network along the African coast, in South and East Asia, and in South America

What characterisitics of ships improved them?