Ch.31 The War to End War

James Weldon Johnson used this phrase to describe the racial violence in industrial cities

Orlando, George, Clemenceau, Wilson

Women contributed to the war effort by:

The immediate cause of U.S. involvement in World War I:

Britain and the U.S. pledged to assist France in the event of another German invasion

German secret diplomacy to Mexico offering recovery of the land lost to the U.S.

the greatest strike in U.S. history involving a quarter of million workers

led by Alice Paul, this organization protested the war with marches and hunger strikes

Socialist leader arrested for interfering with the draft and the collection of war bonds:

voluntary contributions netted $21 billion, or 2/3 of the current cost of the war

punished interference with conscription/selling of war bonds/ any criticism of the government

head of the Food Administration, he organized a campaign to conserve food for the war effort

radical labor organization opposed to the war; engaged in industrial sabotage

President Wilson's proposed peace plan:

African-Americans found employment in northern cities as:

two groups prosecuted under the Espionage and Sedition Acts

able-bodied + unemployed men = drafted and sent to Europe; purpose = discourage labor strikes

headed by Bernard Baruch to coordinate and mobilize the American economy for war production

Colorado coal miners walkout and tent occupation = massacred by state-militia

post-war peace organization designed to resolve international conflict w/o resorting to war

freedom of speech could be revoked when such speech posed a "clear and present danger"

slogan associated with Wilson's 1916 campaign

the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month of 1918

compromise with the Japanese over this peninsula soured relations b/w China and the U.S.

created to mobilize American patriotism behind the war effort

led the Senate opposition to the Treaty of Versailles/League of Nations

headed by William H. Taft to resolve labor disputes over hours, wages, and conditions

last effort to save the Treaty of Versailles and the League of Nations in the United States

The migration of African-Americans to the North in search of  better job opportunities:

Voluntary public donations to support the war effort:

quid pro quo U.S.-German agreement = cease unrestricted submarine war/ end of British blockade

"lightless nights" and "gasless Sundays"

all able-bodied males b/w 18-45; no substitutes

supported the war effort; argued that women must contribute in order to earn the right to vote

ended Germany's two-front war; contributed to U.S. intervention; source of Red Scare