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AP Psych Exam Review
AP Psych Exam Review
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1
physiological reactions like surprise or shock are controlled by which part of the NS
sympathetic nervous system
somatic nervous system
serotonin system
endocrine system
2
which type of therapist is most likely to prescribe lithium for a patient with bipolar disorder
psychiatrist
cognitive psychotherapist
psychoanalyst
clinical psychologist
3
What theory of emotion are cognitive psychologists likely to support
Schachter two-factor theory
social facilitation theory
opponent process theory
James-Lange theory
4
After studying for weeks and taking an AP exam, Conrad gets the flu. What theory explains this
Yerkes-Dodson law
James-Lange theory of emotion
Selye's general adaptation syndrome
Festinger's cognitive dissonance theory
5
Intelligence researchers like Gardner and Sternberg argue that schools focus too much on
nonessential subjects like art and music
traditional and analytical subjects and methods
environmental factors that influence intelligence
meeting the needs of students with disabilities
6
When running for class president, Edy puts pictures of herself everywhere. Why might this help
deindividuation
central route persuasion
foot-in-the-door phenomenon
mere-exposure effect
7
10 YO Genna underwent a right hemispherectomy. What action best shows her neuroplasticity
speaking aloud
moving her left hand
solving a logic problem
understanding what was said to her
8
A librarian gives a prize for every five books students read. Her schedule of reinforcement is
continuous
fixed variable
variable interval
fixed ratio
9
Which of the therapies below is no longer used to treat patients
free association
electro-convulsive shock therapy
prefrontal lobotomy
gestalt therapy
10
which 2 competing theories explain the effects of hypnosis
circadian rhythm and paradoxical sleep
manifest content and latent content
conscious level and non conscious level
role theory and dissociation theory
11
In people, rods, unlike cones,
respond more quickly to colors
have a lower absolute threshold for light
are unable to detect motion
are located in the center of the retina
12
testing the problem-solving skills of 10, 20, and 30-year-olds in a study uses this method
longitudinal study
social-cognitive study
developmental study
cross-sectional study
13
Runners in a park increase their speed when another runner comes into view. This illustrates
social facilitation
conformity
disinhibition
social roles
14
A variable ratio of reinforcement is often preferable to a fixed ratio because
fixed ratio schedules are more time intensive
variable ratio schedules produce the quickest results
fixed ratios allow both classical and operant learning
variable ratio schedules are more resistant to extinction
15
Which best summarizes the results of Tolman's latent learning experiment
rats that received punishment ran the maze faster
reinforcement had little impact on the rats' performance
rats who explored the maze first ran faster when reinforced
rats that were continually reinforced ran the maze faster
16
which structure is part of the inner ear
basilar membrane
tympanic membrane
malleus (hammer)
auditory canal
17
a musicians ability to discern between 2 similar pitches depends on which concept
absolute threshold
signal detection theory
bottom up processing
difference threshold
18
The case study of Phineas Gage was significant because it was one of the the first examples of
treatment with drugs that alter neurotransmission
treating a brain-damaged patient with psychotherapy
a specific brain area associated with emotional changes
using a CAT scan to document the extent of the injury
19
turning up the volume on a radio changes which aspect of sound
frequency of the wave
transduction of the wave
amplitude of the wave
pitch of the tone
20
James is interested in the processing strategies children use to learn new information. He is a
personality psychologist
cognitive psychologist
sociocultural psychologist
clinical psychologist
21
Research indicates that which factor most influences one's sexual orientation
traumatic childhood experiences
parenting style
hormones released in the womb
masculine/feminine personality traits
22
Milgram's obedience study was criticized based on what ethical grounds
violation of confidentiality
lack of debriefing
lack of informed consent
risk of psychological harm
23
At what age is the onset of schizophrenia most typical
early 20s
mid 30s
puberty
late 40s
24
A low level of glucose in Sam's bloodstream would most likely make him want to
eat a meal
make new friends
go for a run
pursue a romantic interest
25
An EEG of Lin during dreaming would most likely show
beta waves and delta waves
NREM
delta waves
sleep spindles and k complexes
26
When like-minded groups take more extreme positions than individuals comprising the group
group polarization
deindividuation
social facilitation
groupthink
27
which disorder would respond best to cognitive behavioral therapy
major depressive disorder
schizophrenia
dissociative identity disorder
bipolar disorder
28
negative reinforcers __________ a stimulus in order to ___________ a behavior
remove : decrease
remove : increase
remove : punish
add : decrease
29
4YO Kate sits right in front of all the other kids to watch a magician. According to Piaget,
Kate cannot reason hypothetically
Kate has a lack of conservation
Kate is demonstrating egocentrism
Kate lacks object permanence
30
Abraham Maslow theorized that people are motivated by
satisfying needs on a hierarchy
desire to achieve in the eyes of others
achieving physiological homeostasis
reinforcement of primary and secondary needs
31
A medication prescribed for major depression would most likely act on which neurotransmitter
adrenaline
serotonin
acetylcholine
dopamine
32
What number will tell that two variables have a strong relationship?
a mean that is the same as the median
correlation coeifficient
standard deviation
probability
33
After a natural disaster Faye says, "Serves them right for not having better warning systems."
Barnum effect
just world bias
self-serving bias
false consensus effect
34
A therapist who tells a client to write down their depressed thoughts is using this perspective
pharmacological
behavioral
structuralist
cognitive
35
An artist making a drawing could use which of the following to add depth to the picture
linear perspective
closure
convergence
retinal disparity
36
How would a person with schizophrenia most differ from a person with a dissociative disorder
a person with schizophrenia has more than one personality
a person with a dissociative disorder has delusions
a person with dissociative disorder has trouble keeping jobs
a person with schizophrenia experiences hallucinations
37
which of the following statistics provides most information about how spread out a data set is
standard deviation
mean
median
range
38
Which is most directly involved speed of the electrical signal?
neurotransmiters
myelin
synaptic cleft
terminal button
39
Which of the following models of personality is the least deterministic
biological
psychodynamic
evolutionary
humanistic
40
Lou believes he is capable of succeeding in nursing school. His mindset is associated with
an extraverted personality
low self-esteem
a strong superego
high self-efficacy
41
Bandura's theory of reciprocal determinism states personality results from the interaction of
genetics, the unconscious, and social facilitation
traits, the environment, and behavior
id, ego, and superego
rewards, punishments, and reinforcers
42
Which statement best represents the relationship between performance and arousal
performance continually decreases as arousal increases
performance is best at low and high levels of arousal
too little or too much arousal is harmful to performance
performance steadily increases as arousal increases
43
What kind of therapy involves both cognitive and behavioral interventions
systematic desensitization
counterconditioning
aversion therapy
rational emotive behavior therapy
44
a test which places someone into personality categories (e.g.extravert/introvert) is based on
trait theory
social cognitive theroy
psychodynamic theory
biological theory
45
Which of the following is found in Jung's model of the collective unconscious
archetypes
functional fixedness
inferiority complexes
repressed memories
46
Julie is more alert in the morning; John in the evening. This is because of differences in
circadian rhythm
personalities
daily activities
sleep cycles
47
Which concept is most relevant to Noam Chomsky's theory of how children learn language
phonemes and morphemes
serial position effect
language acquisition device
linguistic relativity hypothesis
48
Choosing 20 people at random from a large lecture class of 400 is an example of
representative assignment
random sampling
assignment to conditions
random assignment
49
Which personality theory is criticized for its overly optimistic view of human nature
trait
humanistic
psychoanalytic
cognitive
50
A test that identifies people with the potential to be great lawyers is an example of a(n)
EQ test
IQ test
aptitude test
achievement test
51
When Susie went to prom with Dan, Max channeled his feelings of frustration into artwork
sublimation
reaction formation
projection
displacement
52
which of the following most impacts the speed of motor development
early gross motor practice
concrete operational exercises
myelination of brain neurons
secure attachment with parents
53
Which best explains the Schachter-Singer two-factor theory
an event causes an emotion and a physiological response
physiological reaction and cognitive labeling cause emotion
people follow a pattern of alarm, resistance, exhaustion
perceived control over life reduces stress and improves mood
54
A personality test which calls Jan an extravert the first time and an introvert the next lacks
aptitude measures
construct validity
standardization
test-retest reliability
55
Restarting your printer over and over but failing to notice it is out of paper demonstrates
divergent thinking
a mental set
belief perseverance
low experiential intelligence
56
Which technique would be most helpful in avoiding the problems associated with groupthink
responding to deindividuation among group members
increasing group polarization within different groups
encouraging contrary opinions within the group
identifying approach-avoidance conflicts
57
people who catch violent movies are more likely to behave violently: this statement reflects
insight learning
observational learning
latent learning
counterconditioning
58
A person who experiences flashbacks after a serious car accident is likely to be diagnosed with
bipolar disorder
dissociative identity disorder
post-traumatic stress disorder
panic disorder
59
Knowledge of different categories of trees is an example of what type of long-term memory
episodic memory
eidetic memory
semantic memory
procedural memory
60
Which of the following has been linked to a deficit of dopamine
Parkinson's disease
major depressive disorder
autism
Alzheimer's disease
61
Which is one of the key factors distinguishing major depressive disorder from sadness
sadness is paired with heightened senses and mania
lasts longer than 2 weeks without an obvious cause
specific changes in the brain
normal sadness is much less intense than depression
62
Bandura's Bobo doll experiment evidenced the importance of __________ in social learning
sublimation
modeling
latent learning
mirror neurons
63
Amy has a cat. The first time she sees a rabbit she calls it a cat. Her mistake is due to
assimilation
discrimination
habituation
accommodation
64
Which structure is located at the most central and protected part of the brain
sensory cortex
cerebral cortex
medulla
cerebellum
65
Lana learns how to be goalie as her coach gradually rolls the ball faster at parts the goal
token economy
higher-order conditioning
behavior shaping
law of effect
66
When Wade is late to basketball practice his coach makes him run laps. Wade is not late again
positive punishment
negative reinforcement
modeling
positive reinforcement
67
psychogenic amnesia is an indication of which kind of psychological disorder
schizophrenic
dissociative
personality
anixety
68
which of the following is most likely to lead to a confabulated memory
leading questions
relearning effect
proactive interference
brain injury
69
What area of psychology focuses on subjective well-being, optimism, self-esteem, and happiness
positive psychology
health psychology
psychometrics
social psychology
70
A musician who signs a recording contract stops playing for fun. This is best explained by
latent learning
social learning theory
the law of effect
the overjustification effect
71
According to Piaget, when we can't ______ new information, we change our schemas through ______
ignore : adaptation
reward : punishment
assimilate : accomodate
reduce : stereotypes
72
REM sleep deprivation generally causes what kinds of side effects
heightened manifest dream content
intense, prolonged periods of Stage 3 & 4 sleep
interference with memory tasks
sleep apnea and night terrors
73
What was one of the factors that increased conformity in Asch's studies
placebo effect
size of the group
wearing guard uniforms
presence of an authority figure
74
which would a researcher need to use to determine whether experiment data is significant
inferential statistics
counterbalancing
descriptive statistics
standard deviation
75
classical conditioning involves __________; operant conditioning involves __________
schedules; punishers
pairing stimuli; rewards and punishments
fixed intervals; variable ratios
learned responses; physiological reactions
76
Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation experiment studied what developmental concept
assimilation
motor development
parenting style
attachment
77
Garcia and Koelling's research on aversions established which UCS/CS pairs as most powerful
performing a task and receiving food
movement and electrical shocks
punishment and aversion
nausea and food or drink
78
Which part of the brain is "newest" in an evolutionary sense
hypothalamus
pons
cerebral cortex
cerebellum
79
According to humanist theory, psychological disorders are most likely caused by
unhealthy attributional styles
learned associations
unfulfilled needs
neurochemical imbalances
80
Which is an important technique used by humanist psychologists during therapy
factor analysis
secondary central dispositions
unconditional positive regard
defense mechanisms
81
People who are easily hypnotizable are likely to score highly on which Big 5 trait
neuroticism
extraversion
openness
conscientiousness
82
Elizabeth Loftus' research on wording and misinformation effects on memory best demonstrate
the reconstructive nature of memory
the rate at which people forget information
the role of the hippocampus in memory
the serial position effect
83
our ability to perceive depth depends on what other perceptual abilities
top-down and bottom-up processing
vestibular and kinesthetic senses
binocular and monocular cues
proximity and similarity
84
Ryan suffers from constant, low-level arousal of his autonomic NS. He most likely suffers from
generalized anxiety disorder
major depressive disorder
post-traumatic stress disorder
obsessive-compulsive disorder
85
If Pavlov's dogs began to salivate when they heard a sound similar to a bell they would show
stimulus discrimination
unconditioned response
stimulus generalization
spontaneous recovery
86
learned helplessness is most likely to be directly related to
the Oedipus complex
the self-serving bias
unconditional positive regard
an external locus of control
87
which of the following terms applies to IQ tests
standardized
triarchic
projective
achievement
88
authoritarian parents demonstrate
low warmth and low control
low warmth and high control
high warmth and high control
high warmth and low control
89
What factors are ignored when people commit the fundament attribution error
situational
dispositional
social
behavioral
90
An American's prototype of a chair is most likely to include
four legs and a seat
an armchair, chairlift, and wheelchair
pens, pencils, and a computer
a desk and/or table
91
A person with a painful skin rash finds hard scratching temporarily relieves the pain
opponent-process theory
transduction theory
frequency theory
gate-control theory
92
The WISC is a...
Personality inventory
Intelligence test
none of these
personality test
93
A teacher ignoring her students' prior grades so her opinion of them is not influenced avoids
self-serving bias
fundamental attribution error
cognitive dissonance
self-fulfilling prophecy
94
which technique controls for both experimenter and subject bias
double blind study
counterbalancing
single blind study
Hawthorne effect
95
Which theory would assert that a key motivation for people is spreading their genetic material
humanistic
evolutionary
psychodynamic
cognitive
96
patients who are described as "split brain" have had what structure removed
medulla oblongata
hippocampus
corpus callosum
prefrontal cortex
97
What kind of personality theorist would be most interested in the results of the MMPI
humanistic
trait
psychoanalytic
biological
98
How would a psychometrician interpret an IQ score of 145
three standard deviations above the mean of 100
slightly above average
well below the average of 200
the person has high verbal bot low logical intelligence
99
After repeated firings, neural connections are strengthened. What is this process
state-dependent memory
semantic encoding
proactive interference
long-term potentiation
100
Erikson's initiative vs. guilt stage is most closely related to Freud's
anal stage
oral stage
latency period
phallic stage
101
what is the principle tool used in all forms of psychotherapy
talking to a patient
biomedical interventions
cognitive-behavioral interventions
secondary preventions
102
which is an example of an implicit memory
recognizing a celebrity
describing the taste of a birthday cake
remembering how to tie your shoelace
recalling the name of your JH math teacher
103
Reading a job description written with masculine pronouns, people think of the employee as male
linguistic relativity hypothesis
principle of continuity
gender schema theory
the social role hypothesis
104
which social psychology principle best explains prejudice
in-group bias
self-serving bias
individualism
compliance strategies
105
Dan is a toddler who avoids eye contact and resists to changes to routine. He shows symptoms of
fetal alcohol syndrome
Down syndrome
autism spectrum disorder
mental retardation
106
which brain structure is involved in hunger motivation
medulla
amygdala
cerebellum
hypothalamus
107
Harlow's rhesus monkey experiment illustrated
the importance of physical contact to development
that language is a uniquely human skill
the danger of separating babies from their natural parents
that primates can make and use tools
108
an A+ grade in a class is which kind of reinforcer
primary
continuous
partial
secondary
109
What would Piaget test to see if a child is in pre-operational or concrete operational stage
attachment
universal ethical principles
conservation
object permanence
110
Vance's psychiatrist diagnoses him with bipolar disorder. Which medication would he prescribe
SSRIs
benzodiazepines
lithium
L-Dopa
111
Which is a common criticism of Freud's personality theory
his research wasn't representative of the population
his evidence comes from therapy sessions, not empirical data
Genetics was not advanced enough to be used as Freud tried
it doesn't apply to people with disorders
112
What is the purpose of the DSM
list the diagnostic criteria and symptoms of disorders
describe the biopsychosocial causes of disorders
discuss theories related to the treatment of disorders
explain the symptoms and cures of disorders
113
Someone who can't move the muscles needed for accurate speech might have brain damage where
hippocampus
Wernicke's area
Broca's area
Gage's area
114
what is the first step in any example of classical conditioning
reinforcing for a behavior similar to the desired behavior
rewarding a conditioned response with a conditioned stimulus
following a response with a reinforcement or punishment
pairing an unconditioned stimulus and a conditioned stimulus
115
the "c" in the word
cat
is best described as a
phoneme
morpheme
grapheme
holobase
116
when first born, humans' dominant sense is
touch
hearing
sight
smell
117
According to Freud, what is the dominant factor in determining our personality traits
genetics and nutrition
secondary drives and needs
unconscious conflicts
parenting styles
118
light enters the eye through an opening in the
fovea
blind spot
iris
retina
119
Someone who fails an exam and reacts by studying longer probably has this locus of control
situational
internal
fundamental
external
120
A doctor determining whether an accident caused structural damage to the brain would use
EEG
rTMS
MRI
PET
121
Withdrawal symptoms are most directly caused by this process
tolerance
antagonists
dissociation
activation-synthesis
122
Pat is laughing because she just won the lottery. Sal thinks she is a fun person. Sal's opinion
is influenced by the norm of reciprocity
is influenced by the self-serving bias
is influenced by the just world hypothesis
is influenced by the fundamental attribution error
123
Sherif's Robbers Cave study indicates that this principle best reduces tensions between groups
deindividuation
group polarization
superordinate goals
diffusion of responsibility
124
Most people can taste 1g of salt in 1qt of water. Which concept is related to this statement
difference threshold
absolute threshold
sensory adaptation
frequency theory
125
Delusions and hallucinations are most characteristic of
antisocial personality disorder
schizophrenia
dissociative identity disorder
obsessive-compulsive disorder
126
What is true about experiments that is not of other research methods
they can determine causal relationships between variables
they involve more research participants than other studies
they take place in more realistic, real-life settings
they can gather data from a large number of people quickly
127
Of the following, children will most likely develop this skill first
clap their hands
say a sentence
write with a pencil
cut with a knife
128
Which theory explains how experiences from infancy through old age influence personality
Piaget's cognitive development theory
Harlow's contact comfort theory
Erikson's psychosocial stage theory
Kohlberg's moral development theory
129
The fact that our ears are located on opposite sides of our head best helps us with
hearing high frequencies
detecting absolute threshold
sound localization
sensory adaptation
130
How would drive reduction theory explain a person eating half a bowl of M&M's and stopping
people eat in moderation to prevent being seen as selfish
the person stopped when their body had reached homeostasis
they were satisfying the 2nd step on the hierarchy of needs
humans are instinctively driven to eat sugar and fat
131
According to Kohlberg, in order to reason at the postconventional level, people must
believe in God
resolve the integrity vs. despair conflict
be able to take another person's perspective
have been exposed to good, moral role models
132
a charity includes free address labels in its fundraising letters to increase contributions
reciprocity norm
self-fulfilling prophecy
fundamental attribution error
out-group homogeneity
133
You girlfriend dumps you. "I always knew she was bad news" your friend says. This demonstrates
hindsight bias
a theory
self-serving bias
overconfidence
134
what kinds of motivations best encourage positive behaviors to persist over time
need for achievement
primary drives
extrinsic motivation
intrinsic motivation
135
A teacher whose class culture encourages intrinsic motivation uses which management style
postconventional
theory Y
approach-avoidance
James-Lange
136
damage to the occipital region of the brain would most likely affect which sense
sight
touch
balance
hearing
137
Maria slams the car door and yells at her kids. Now when they hear a car door slam they cringe
instrumental learning
classical conditioning
operant conditioning
observational learning
138
children who suffer brain damage can regain function more quickly than older patients due to
neuroplasticity
effective psychological environment
contralateral control
hemispheric lateralization
139
Sigmund Freud made this perspective popular in Western Europe at the turn of the 20th century
cognitive
evolutionary
psychoanalytic
behavioral
140
which kinds of personality theorists would make use of a projective test
social-cognitive
psychoanalyst
trait
humanist
141
In a class of 25 students, all but 2 score between 82 and 94. The 2 scores of 47 and 55 are
outliers
normally distributed
modes
variances
142
Which of the following is LEAST likely to contribute to prejudice
out-group homogeneity
scapegoating
stereotyping
superordinate goals
143
in the nature vs. nurture debate, nature is most closely associated with
culture
temperament
family
environment
144
If a distribution of scores includes outliers, which measure of central tendency should be used
range
median
mean
standard deviation
145
In the 3-box model of information processing, memories are first stored in
sensory memory
procedural memory
long-term memory
short-term memory
146
what kind of symptom is common among all somatic symptom disorders
inappropriate or flat affect
experiencing a physical problem without a physical cause
disconnection from reality and delusions
substance abuse and dependence
147
which structure in the eye is most responsible for color vision
cones
optic nerve
rods
cornea
148
What research method could study the relationship between owning a hybrid car and being vegan
naturalistic observation
experiment
correlation study
case study
149
Lara is attracted to Craig but can't stand his friends and family. Her conflict is classified
approach-approach
she does not have a conflict
approach-avoidance
avoidance-avoidance
150
which psychologist would agree w/the following: behavior results from reinforcers & punishers
Albert Bandura
Sigmund Freud
Carl Rogers
B.F. Skinner
151
Which question would be most useful to test Kohlberg's idea of pre & post-conventional morality
If 3 are taken from a group of 12, how many are left
at what age can children reason abstractly
what is the best way to respond to a baby crying in her crib
should you tell a small lie to not hurt someone's feelings
152
the limbic system plays an important role in
planning for the future
regulating emotion
maintaining balance
processing sensory information
153
counterconditioning lies at the heart of which therapeutic approach
client-centered therapy
systematic desensitization
token economies
REBT
154
the somatic nervous system is part of the
sympathetic nervous system
central nervous system
peripheral nervous system
autonomic nervous system
155
if the College Board left out questions about neuroscience on the AP exam, the test would lack
split-half reliability
content validity
test-retest reliability
predictive validity
156
The ability to solve a new computer game based on logical puzzles probably depends on
aptitude intelligence
fluid intelligence
multiple intelligences
crystallized intelligence
157
seeing someone at the grocery store and remembering their name is an example of
retroactive memory
episodic memory
tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
recall
158
Which best describes how neurons communicate with one another
electrical signals between two myelin sheaths
hormones jump from one axon to the next
chemical signals at the synaptic cleft
physical contact between dendrites
159
Why are psychoanalysts interested in talking with patients about dreams
disturbing dreams are obstacles to self actualization
neurotransmitter anomalies cause dream disturbances
symbols in dreams represent unconscious conflicts
counter conditioned behaviors are often revealed in dreams
160
which newborn reflex helps infants find and eat food
Moro
rooting
stepping
Babinski
161
en route
to the visual cortex, information from the eyes' retinas crosses at the
fovea
optic chiasm
optic nerve
feature detectors
162
One group receives an ad for 99% fat free milk; the other for 1% fat milk. What being tested
confirmation bias
representativeness heuristic
inattentional blindness
framing effects
163
Which is most closely associated with creativity
functional fixedness
divergent thinking
contextual intelligence
hypothesis testing