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Exam 1 Review
Exam 1 Review
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Questions
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Answers
1
Z scores tell us how far away a score is from the mean in ______ units.
Range
Standard deviation
Variance
Sum of squares
2
Which of the following are measures of variability
All of the above
Sum of squares
Standard deviation
Range
3
Sampling error is:
The difference that exists between our sample and the true population
When we are biased in selecting our sample
The average standard deviation
4
Normal distributions are always skewed
False
True
5
Which measure of central tendency is MOST affected by skewed, or extreme, data?
Mean
Median
Mode
6
What type of statistics allows us to draw conclusions about data to answer a research question
Inferential statistics
Descriptive statistics
7
Quantitative variables are measured numerically
True
False
8
I calculated the z-score for X = 25 in my sample. Z = 2.7. What does this mean?
The average is 2.7
The score of 25 is 2.7 standard deviations above the mean
The score of 25 is 27% of the data
The score of 25 is 2.7 standard deviations below the mean
9
Qualitative variables are measured numerically
True
False
10
I'm studying the effects of different types of therapy on symptoms of OCD. What is my independent variable?
OCD symptoms
Therapy type
Participant age
Number of participants
11
As standard deviation becomes smaller, the shape of the data become more narrow.
False
True
12
What is the shape of this graph
Positively skewed
Negatively skewed
Symmetrical
13
Data 1 standard dev = 50. Data 2 standard dev = 6. How will the shape of these compare?
They will have the exact same shape
Data 2 will be more spread out, data 1 more narrow
Data 1 will be more spread out, data 2 more narrow
14
The things we are interested in are _____, and the measures we get for them are ______
histograms; graphs
statistics; population
variables; data
data; analysis
15
In the standard normal distribution, the mean = 0 and the standard deviation = 1.
False
True
16
Standard deviation is the square root of variance.
True
False
17
I'm interested in studying levels of depression in college students. Which of the following might be variables?
Amount of social support
Depression symptoms
Age of students
All of the above
18
Which of the following is true about the use of statistics in psychology (and other fields)?
Statistics is never used in fields other than math
It allows us to answer questions were interested in and draw conclusions
Statistics is a treatment method for people with mental illnesses
All of the above
19
I calculated the z-score for X = 50 in my sample. Z = -.45. What does this mean?
The score of 50 is .45 standard deviations below the mean
The standard deviation is .45
The score of 50 is .45 standard deviations above the mean
The score of 50 is 45 standard deviations below the mean
20
Which are true about normal distributions
All of the above
They are symmetrical
The mean, median, and mode are equal
The area under the curve = 1
21
The magnitude of the z score tells us how far it is from the mean, and the sign (+/-) tells us above/below the mean.
False
True
22
What is the shape of this graph
Positively skewed
Negatively skewed
Symmetrical
23
_____ is the value exactly at the middle point of the data
Mode
Median
Mean
24
Why might z scores be useful?
A and B
We can use them to calculate probability / area under the curve
They answer our research question
They allow us to compare two datasets with different original scales
25
Standard deviation tells us on average, how far our data points are from the mean.
False
True
26
I'm studying levels of social anxiety among undergraduate students. Which scenario(s) demonstrate sampling bias?
My sample is only students who are apart of at least three clubs.
I randomly select half of the students to send a survey to to participate.
A and B
My sample is only students who are communication majors.
27
The sampling distribution is what would get if we plotted the means from many samples as their own graph.
False
True
28
_____ is the average of all scores.
Mode
Mean
Median
29
The mean of the sampling distribution is:
A worse estimate of the population mean than a single sample
The true population mean
30
What is the shape of this graph
Symmetrical
Positively skewed
Negatively skewed
31
In the standard normal distribution, the mean = 500 and the standard deviation = -10.
True
False
32
A 5-point scale ranging from never (1) - always (5) is an example of what level of measurement?
Ordinal
Interval
Nominal
Ratio
33
Samples should generally be representative of the population in order for us to draw conclusions.
True
False
34
What do measures of variability tell us?
The answer to our research question
The spread of data (how spread our data are from the mean)
The average of the data
Where the data cluster
35
Which of the following is NOT a level of measurement
Ratio
Population
Interval
Nominal
36
Sex assigned at birth is an example of what level of measurement?
Nominal
Ratio
Interval
Ordinal
37
Descriptive statistics allow us to describe and characterize our data.
True
False
38
I'm studying the effects of different types of therapy on symptoms of OCD. What is my dependent variable?
Therapy type
Participant age
Number of participants
OCD symptoms
39
What is true of samples
We use them to draw conclusions about a population
They are a subset of the population we're interested in studying
They are always the exact same as a population
A and B
40
Measures of central tendency tell us where our data tends to cluster.
True
False
41
If samples are not representative of the population, what may have occurred when we selected our sample?
Sampling bias
Random sampling
42
_____ is the most frequently occurring value?
Mode
Median
Mean
43
Which distribution has a smaller standard deviation
Graph 2
Graph 1
44
Which measure of central tendency is LEAST affected by skewed, or extreme, data?
Mode
Mean
Median
45
As standard deviation increases, the spread of the data increases.
False
True
