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Chemistry Exam 1 Review (SKELETON, DRAFT) Flashcards | StudBud
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Chemistry Exam 1 Review (SKELETON, DRAFT)
Chemistry Exam 1 Review (SKELETON, DRAFT)
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1
Using the data provided, calculate sensitivity:
x
x
0.789
x
2
Ideally, the best type of centrifuge that seperates blood cells & plasma for analysis in the clinical lab is?
x
x
Sealed-cup
x
3
In a photomultiplier tube, the intermediate electrode that amplifies the electrical signal is called a(n):
Cathode
Dynode
Electrode
Anode
4
T/F: Wavelengths that occur in the
blue-violet
region have
lower energy
compared to wavelengths of
orange-red
.
False
True
5
T/F: Random analytical error can be in
any
direction & indicates imprecision?
False
True
6
T/F: The Lean Six Sigma method of process improvement assumes that processes are
inherently dynamic.
True
False
7
Using the data provided, calculate specificity:
0.955
x
x
x
8
A test's "
negativity
in the
absence
of the disease" is termed its:
Positive Predictive Value
Specificity
Negative Predictive Value
Sensitivity
9
The component used to
isolate (one)
a
wavelength (color)
in a spectrophotometer is called a:
MonoChromator
Seperator
Prism
Diffuser
10
The tendency for a solution to
remain in the liquid
state when cooled
below its normal freezing point
is called:
Conduction
Sublimation
Supercooling
Ultrafreezing
11
TLA (total laboratory automation) does not incorporate ________________________ as a part of the
pre-analytical
phase.
Sample selection
Patient identification
Reagent dispensing
Retrieval from cold storage
12
Using the data given below, calculate the predictive value for a positive test:
x
x
x
0.915
13
What does the most to minimize aerosol production during centrifugation?
Tube caps & covered centrifuges
x
x
x
14
Given the data & using
95% confidence
limits means that 95% of the control values would fall between what
two
values?
x
x
92 & 108
x
15
What is the formula for specificity?
True Negative / (True Negative + False Positive)
x
x
True Positive / (True Positive + False Negative)
16
Universal precautions should be observed when working with what kind of patient?
Infectious patients
HIV-positive patients
All samples from all patients
Blood samples from patients
17
Given the data, calculate the coefficient of variation for these statistics:
x
x
x
4%
18
The
percent probability
that the disease is present when the test is
positive
is the test's:
Negative Predictive Value
Specificity
Positive Predictive Value
Sensitivity
19
On
day 4
below, the light source was changed in the spectrophotometer. Results seen after this are called:
An error
A trend
A shift
A spike
20
Diurnal variation is a term that refers to:
x
Time of day of specimen collection
x
x
21
The earliest automated analyzers were of the _______________ design.
Single-channel, continous-flow
Multi-channel, continuous-flow
22
What is the formula for positive predictive value?
True Positive / (True Positive + False Positive)
True Negative / (True Negative + False Positive)
True Positive / (True Positive + False Negative)
True Negative / (True Negative + False Negative)
23
What is the formula for sensitivity?
True Positive / (True Positive + False Negative)
x
True Negative / (True Negative + False Positive)
x
24
Clinical chemistry is driven by all of these EXCEPT:
Increased use of chemistry panels
Cost
High volume of testing at once
Faster turnaround time
25
The "spreading" of a
white
beam of light into a
spectrum
is called what?
Diffusion
x
x
x
26
What is the formula for the coefficient of variation
(CV)
?
x
x
x
CV = (Standard Distribution / Mean ) x 100
27
What is the formula to calculating Sigma Value?
True Positive / (True Positive + False Negative)
CV = Total allowable error / (Bias - Coefficient of Variation)
CV = (Total allowable error - Bias) / Coefficient of Variation
28
Which activity can spread HIV or HBV from one person to another outside of the laboratory?
Kissing
High-fiving
Sexual intercourse
Golfing
29
Which procedure is most basic & effective in preventing the spread of infectious diseases in hospitals?
Hand-washing
Hand-washing
Hand-washing
Hand-washing
30
Face masks & protective eyewear are designed to offer protection from:
Harmful chemical splashes & blood exposure
Projectile droplets
Splashes & Impact
PPE protects you from all of these
31
T/F: Given the data, should the physician interpret this increase in BUN as a real pathological change in the patient?
True
False
32
The post-analytical phase does not include:
Errors before laboratory acceptance
Both of these
Errors happening during testing of samples
Neither of these
33
When finished with lab exercises for the day, which order of events should be followed?
Clean area, remove gloves, remove coat, wash hands
x
x
x
34
Energy
or
frequency
of light waves varies _____________ with the
wavelength
.
Proportionally
Inversely
35
What is the formula for negative predictive value?
True Positive / (True Positive + False Negative)
True Negative / (True Negative + False Negative)
True Positive / (True Positive + False Positive)
True Negative / (True Negative + False Positive)
36
The Lean Six Sigma is an iterative protocol that, when one goal is achieved, is satisfied with that endpoint.
True
False
37
A laboratory fire ignited by faulty wiring in a chemistry analyzer & partially fueled by surrounding paper is classified
Class A (paper)
Class C (electrical)
Class A (paper) & Class C (electrical)
Class B (electrical)
38
The highest incidence of infectious risk in the clinical laboratory is caused by?
Centrifugation of sample into aerosols
Blood contact
Hepatitis
All of these could cause large infectious risk
39
Describe optimal conditions for transport, handling, & storage of blood specimens for clinical testing.
Shielded from light, if necessary
All of these are good
Arrives quickly & at proper conditions
Tested immediately or stored appropriately
40
What one item must be remembered with handling a tube of blood?
Cap
x
x
x
41
Which wavelengths are most representative of the
visible region
?
Red (400 nm) to Yellow (600 nm)
Violet (400 nm) to Red (700 nm)
Red (400 nm) to Violet (700 nm)
Violet (400 nm) to Blue (500 nm)
42
The majority of laboratory errors occurs in what
phase
of testing?
Pre-post-analytic phase
Pre-analytic phase
Analytic phase
Post-analytic phase
43
A test's "
positivity
in the
presence
of the disease" is termed its:
Sensitivity
Specificity
Negative Predictive Value
Positive Predictive Value
44
Given the information below, what is the concentration of uric acid in the patient's sample in
grams per deciliter
?
x
x
x
0.2 g/dL
45
On
day 7
below, the control results are more than two standard deviations (SD) from the mean. The first thing to do is:
x
Rerun the control with same reagents
x
x
46
Calculate the
sigma value
for the following scenario:
x
x
x
3.2
