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Genetics Review
Genetics Review
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1
A ________ is a particular characteristic of an individual, determined by genetic and/or environmental factors.
Trait
Zodiac
Gene
Allele
2
Mendel's laws describe how traits are inherited. Similar to the laws of physics, they cannot be broken.
False
True
3
Pea flowers: A plant has purple flowers. What must be true about its parents?
Both of them are homozygous dominant
At least one of them are homozygous dominant
At least one of them has at least one dominant allele
Both of them have at least one dominant allele
4
Describe three structural differences between DNA and RNA.
Don't select this one
See past do now for the answer
5
What happens during translation?
A protein is built according to the sequence of codons present in mRNA
A strand of mRNA is built that is complementary to the template DNA strand
6
There is about a ______% difference between the genetic code of you and a banana
0.01%
20%
56%
95%
7
_______________ are the monomers of nucleic acids.
Nitrogenous bases
Double helix
Nucleotides
Amino acids
8
What is the role of ligase in DNA replication?
To build the new DNA strand
To glue fragments of DNA together, closing any small gaps
To unzip DNA by breaking the hydrogen bonds between base pairs
To build a small segment of RNA
9
What is the general process of gene expression?
RNA -> DNA -> protein
protein -> RNA -> DNA
DNA -> RNA -> protein
RNA -> protein -> DNA
10
In a pedigree chart squares represent __________, and circles represent ________.
People without the trait ; people with the trait
Males ; females
Females ; males
People with the trait ; people without the trait
11
This inheritance pattern violates which of Mendel's three laws?
The law of dominance
The law of segregation
The law of independent assortment
The law of heterozygotes
12
What is the role of primase in DNA replication?
To glue fragments of DNA together, closing any small gaps
To build the new DNA strand
To build a small segment of RNA
To unzip DNA by breaking the hydrogen bonds between base pairs
13
Chromosomes are made up of...
Condensed DNA which is made of proteins
Condensed DNA and histone proteins
Condensed DNA and google chrome logos
De-condensed DNA and RNA
14
Humans typically have _____ copies of each gene.
4
2
3
1
15
Mendel described _____ laws of inheritance
4
5
2
3
16
Gregor Mendel, who is regarded as the father of genetics, conducted experiments using...
Pea plants
Tomato plants
Rats
Dogs
17
Color blindness is far more common in males then it is in females, why is this?
Because color blindness is an autosomal recessive trait
Because males have more X chromosomes
Because color blindness is a Y-linked dominant trait
Because color blindness is an X linked recessive trait
18
Within a pair of chromosomes, one chromosome was inherited from each _____________
Zygote
Sibling
Spitzenkorper
Parent
19
A _________ is a particular section of DNA, while an ___________ is a version of a particular ___________.
Nucleotide, nitrogenous base, nucleotide
Chromosome; chromatid; chromosome
Allele; gene; allele
Gene; allele; gene
20
There is about a ______% difference between the genetic code of different people
5%
1%
0.01%
2%
21
Describe the structure of a molecule of DNA.
Not this
sugar phosphate backbone going vertical & base pair steps going horizontal
22
According to the ______________, in a heterozygote, the dominant allele will be expressed exclusively.
Law of genotype
Law of independent assortment
Law of dominance
Law of segregation
23
Pea flowers: A plant has white flowers. What must be true about its parents?
Both of them have at least one recessive allele.
At least one of them has at least one recessive allele
Both of them are heterozygous
Both of them are homozygous recessive
24
The traits Mendel experimented with were...
Pea color and pea shape
Flower color, pea size, and pea color
Flower color, pea color, and pea shape
Flower color and pea color
25
A red flower was crossed with a white flower and this is their offspring. This is an example of...
Co-dominance
Incomplete dominance
Semidominance
Hemidominance
26
This is an example of...
Co-dominance
Semidominance
Incomplete dominance
Hemidominance
27
Identify the inheritence pattern shown in the pedigree below.
Autosomal recessive
Autosomal dominant
X linked recessive
X linked dominant
28
How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?
22
23
24
26
29
The two chromosomes in a pair are called....
Hemiligous chromosomes
Homologous chromatids
Sister chromatids
Homologous chromosomes
30
What happens during transcription?
A protein is built according to the sequence of codons present in mRNA
A strand of mRNA is built that is complementary to the template DNA strand
31
The inheritence pattern co-dominance violates which of Mendel's laws?
The law of independent assortment
The law of segregation
The law of dominance
The law of heterozygotes
32
How could you write the genotype of the pink flower?
Rr
CRCW
RW
CPCp
33
___________ is the passing of traits from parents to offspring.
Crossing over
Genetics
Heredity
34
Identify the inheritence pattern shown in the pedigree below.
Autosomal recessive
X linked recessive
X linked dominant
Autosomal dominant
35
When a gene that codes for a particular trait is located on a sex chromosome we say that it is...
Somatic
Sex linked
Autosomal
X-linked
36
A pea plant has one recessive allele and one dominant allele for the gene that determines flower color, which are true?
The plants phenotype is Pp
The plants genotype is white
The plants genotype is purple
The plant's genotype is Pp
37
What is the name of the lab technique used by Rosalind Franklin to capture this photo of DNA?
DNA crystallography
X-ray diffraction
Radiation bath
MRI diffraction
38
Given the cross RrYy x RrYy, what are the odds of an offspring having the genotype RRYy?
4/14
9/14
3/14
2/14
39
According to ___________, During gamete formation different genes and their alleles are inherited independently.
The law of independent segregation
The law of meiosis
The law of dominance
The law of Independent Assortment
40
The first 22 pairs are ____________, while the 23rd pair are sex chromosomes.
Chromatids
Autosomes
Gametes
Somasomes
41
When an organism has two dominant alleles, we say it's genotype is
Heterozygous
Homozygous recessive
Homozygous dominant
Heterozygous dominant
42
What is the role of helicase in DNA replication?
To unzip DNA by breaking the hydrogen bonds between base pairs
To glue fragments of DNA together, closing any small gaps
To build the new DNA strand
To build a small segment of RNA
43
What are the three components of a nucleotide?
Don't select this answer
A phosphate group, a five carbon sugar, and a nitrogenous base
44
If a red flower is crossed with a pink flower, what is the probability of getting a pink flower offspring?
100%
25%
50%
0%
45
There is no such thing as a Y-linked trait.
True
False
46
According to _____________, A diploid organism passes a randomly selected allele to its offspring.
The law of independent segregation
The law of inheritence
The law of independent assortment
The law of segregation
47
How many genes are in the human genome?
5 - 10
1 million - 2 million
15,000 - 19,000
20,000 - 25,000
48
Trait: pea flower color. You cross two heterozygotes together. What are the odds of getting a white flowered offspring?
75%
25%
50%
100%
49
Friedrich Miescher was the first to...
discover that DNA has a double helix shape
isolate DNA from cell nuclei
discover that cells contain organelles
discover that DNA contains genetic information
50
When a cell doesn't have pairs of chromosomes, in other words it only has one set of chromosomes, it is ...
Diploid
Haploid
Hemichromatid
Semichromatid
51
Cells can control the timing, location and amount in which genes are expressed
False
True
52
Identify the inheritence pattern shown in the pedigree below.
Autosomal dominant
Autosomal recessive
X linked recessive
X linked dominant
53
RrYy x RrYy is an example of a...
Monohybrid cross
Dihybrid cross
One trait cross
Bihybrid cross
54
What is the role of DNA polymerase in DNA replication?
To glue fragments of DNA together, closing any small gaps
To build the new DNA strand
To unzip DNA by breaking the hydrogen bonds between base pairs
To build a small segment of RNA
55
Trait: pea flower color. You cross two heterogygotes together. What are the odds of getting a heterozygote offspring?
25%
50%
100%
75%
56
Purple is the dominant trait. A "pure bred" purple flower plant is crossed with a "pure bred" white flower plant.
The offspring will probably be heterozygous and have purple flowers
The offspring could either be heterozygous or homozygous dominant
The offspring will definitly be heterozygous and have purple flowers
The offspring will definitly be heterozygous and have white flowers
57
In a pedigree chart, a filled in shape means...
The person is homozygous dominant
The person has the trait of interest
The person does not have the trait of interest
The person is a carrier
58
RrYy x RrYy will yield a phenotypic ratio of.....
9:6:3:1
9:3:3:1
3:9:9:1
6:3:3:2
