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AP World History Review
AP World History Review
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Unit II AP World History Review
Flashcards
118 cards
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Practice quiz
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Questions
118
Answers
1
In Japan, the samurai code of Bushido helped bring about
a culture that accepted militarism
an increased interest in science and technology
peaceful relations with other nations
equality among Japanese citizens
2
The purpose of the Great Wall was to
supply food from the south to Khanbalik
protect the Chinese from the nomadic tribes
protect the port city of Guangzhou
control the flood waters of the Hunag he and Chang Jiang
3
Btwn 800 and 1600, the W African city of Timbuktu became prosperous with the trading of
spices and silk
gold and salt
iron ore and coal
rifles and diamonds
4
Which statement best reflects the effect of colonialism in Latin America?
Markets in the colonies were closed to manufactured goods
Land was distributed equally btwn the social classes
industries in the colonies manufactured goods
The wealth of the colonial power increased at their expense
5
Which economic system is shown in this diagram?
laissez-faire capitalism
socialism
mercantalism
manorialism
6
Why did Native American populations drastically decrease from 1492 to 1600?
diseases introduced by the Spanish
crop failures brought on by poor weather
wars btwn various native groups
emigration of Native Americans to Euro and Africa
7
In both Mali and the Roman Republic, ____ was an important feature of life
social and political equality
Islam
codified laws
agricultural communes
8
What are two indirect results of the Crusades?
Trade and commerce declined
Trade increased and the feudal system was weakened
Trade declined and feudal system was weakened
The Feudal system strengthened
9
Which situation is considered a cause of the other three?
European renewal in learning
development of a European middle class
European involvement in the Crusades
increase in European demands for Eastern goods
10
Which groups were most closely associated with the spread of the Black Death?
bankers and explorers
soldiers and diplomats
missionaries and slave traders
merchants and pilgrims
11
The Byzantine Empire made its most important contribution to later civilization by
preserving much of the Greco-Roman heritage
recognizing the pope as the head of the Byzantine Church
encouraging the spread of Buddhism
establishing trade routes to the Americas
12
As the Middle Ages ended, the rise of a middle class in W Euro can be attributed to the
economic policies of the Roman Empire
self-sufficiency of the manor system
strength of Christianity in medieval Euro
increase in trade that resulted from the Crusades
13
An important long-term result of the Crusades in the Middle East was the
restoration of the Byzantine empire
increase in tension between Muslims and Christians
creation of a large Christian state on the Red Sea
destruction of Muslim military power
14
The Tang, the Gupta, and the Mali were similar in that each experienced a period of
war and constant invasion
feudalism and oppression
prosperity and artistic creativty
mercantilism and industrial expansion
15
Which empire had the greatest influence on the history and cultural development of Russia?
Holy Roman
Assyrian
Ottoman
Byzantine
16
A study of the Byzantine civilization would show that this civilization
based its economy on subsistence farming and slash-and-burn
reduced the influence of the Eastern Orthodox Church
preserved Greek and Roman learning for W and E Europe
collapsed as a result of the Germanic invasion of Middle Age
17
One way in which the Seljuk Turks, Mongols, and Crusaders were similar is that they all
invaded the Middle East and affected its culture
moved through the Middle East as nomadic groups
development of feudalism in Europe
succeeded in bringing democracy to the Middle East
18
The Age of Pericles, the Gupta Empire, and the Tang dynasty experienced a golden age with
advancements in the principles of democratic governments
the furthest expansion of their borders
outstanding contributions in the arts and sciences
the end of foreign domination
19
The introduction of banking, letters of credit, joint stock companies, and guilds gave way to
Enlightenment
Renaissance
Scientific Revolution
Commercial Revolution
20
Which statement best describes the role of the Roman Catholic Church during the Middle Ages?
Church leaders were involved only in spiritual activities
The Church encouraged individuals to question authority
The Church gained influence as people became more secular
The Church provided a sense of stability, unity, and order
21
Which conclusion can be drawn from the information provided by the map?
Asians and Europeans traded primarily by water routes
A network of trade routes connected centers of Euro trade
The Hanseatic league controlled trade in the Black Sea
Africa was Europe's most active trading partner
22
Which idea was shared by the ancient Maya, Aztec, and Inca civilizations?
equality among the social classes
mercantilism
direct democracy
practicing rituals to please the gods
23
What economic principle developed as a result of the trade routes on the map?
capitalism
mercantilism
industrialism
manorialism
24
One factor that enabled the Renaissance to flourish in N Italy was that the region had
a shrinking aristocracy
an absolutist gov't
a wealthy class invested in the arts
extensive contact with the Byzantine Empire
25
What generalization about Latin American geography is correct?
Lack of barriers facilitated extensive communication
Harsh climates prevented the development of agriculture
Geographic features prevented foreign imperialism
Variation in land forms resulted in diverse climates
26
In Japan btwn 1603 and 1868, the most notable action taken by the Tokugawa Shogunate was the
formation of cultural links with Europe
virtual isolation of the country from the outside world
development of extensive trade
military conquest of China
27
Which political system is associated with Europe from 900-1200 and Japan from 1600-1868
feudalism
manorialism
socialism
communism
28
Under colonialism, colonial powers considered their colonies to be
independent nations with special privileges
possessions to the detriment of the imperial power
possessions to be exploited
independent trade partners
29
According to this map, which modern-day nations were ruled by the Mongols?
Iran and Thailand
Saudi Arabia and Georgia
Russia and Iraq
Japan and Tibet
30
Medieval life in Europe was characterized by
rejection of Christian teachings
a thriving system of international trade
limited social mobility
a strong central government
31
The Commercial Revolution in W Europe led directly to the
expansion of world trade
development of a socialist economy
establishment of the guild system
weakening of the power of the middle class
32
The Silk Road was important to China because it provided
a military route for the defense of the norther border
a means of administering the civil service exams
contact with other cultures through trade
a means for the empire to expand its borders
33
"... and in the actions of men... the end justifies the means." Who wrote this?
Locke
Machiavelli
Montesquei
Voltaire
34
The development of trade along the Mediterranean Sea led to the
start of the Renaissance in Italy
decline of Greek city-states
beginnings of the Crusades to the Middle East
first religious wars in Europe
35
Which describes a direct effect of the Renaissance on W Europe?
Art to reflect increasingly religious themes
Nationalistic movements began to decline
Feudalism strengthened
The Catholic Church was weakened
36
One major result of the Crusades was the
permanent occupation of the Holy Land by Europeans
conversion of most Muslims to Christianity
spread of Middle Eastern culture and technology to Europe
long-term decrease in European trade
37
Which development led to the shortages of labor in 14 c. Europe and 16 and 17 c. N &S America?
introduction of new military
rise of nation states
outbreak of deadly diseases
fall of Constantinople
38
Which economic system existed in Europe during the early Middle Ages?
socialism
feudalism
free market
manorialism
39
From the 9th - 14th centuries, Muslim rule of conquered territories was characterized by
the creation of democratic governments
the rejection of Greek and Roman scientific works
the toleration of members of other cultures
a decrease in trade and commerce
40
A characteristic of both European and Japanese federalism was
an open democratic society
a decentralized government
an adoption of Christianity
the many opportunities for social mobility
41
According to the map, by 750 A.D. islam had spread from
Cairo to Tours
Senegal to India
the Indus River to Spain
Mecca to Asia Minor
42
Prior to the Protestant Reformation, the medieval church in W Europe was criticized for
allowing the Bible to be printed and distributed to people
sponsoring exploration to the Middle East
refusing to sell indulgences to peasants
being too concerned with worldly power and riches
43
Egypt, Ghana, Mali, and Songhai were all similar because they were all located
on major trading routes
in coastal areas
in rain forest areas
in mountainous terrain
44
One important effect of the Crusades on Western Europe was they
ended the W European quest for an overseas empire
led to a decline int he importance of the church
furthered cultural diffusion throughout W Europe
introduced the Industrial Revolution
45
Which was not a major characteristic of the Renaissance?
secularism
humanism
mysticism
individualism
46
Feudalism influenced Europe and Japan by
fostering the growth of religion
eliminating warfare
encouraging formal education
providing social stability
47
One reason for the success of the cities in the Hanseatic League and Italy was that both were
close to a network of navigable rivers
protected by mountains
isolated from the rest of Europe
accessible by water
48
The caste system and the feudal system were similar in that both
provided structure for society
promoted peace and prosperity
established absolutist governments
developed concepts for natural rights
49
In the Middle East during the Golden Age of Muslim culture, scholars were encouraged to
accept medieval W European religious ideas
ignore the achievements of Chinese culture
reject all knowledge that was Western in origin
preserve and expand ancient Greek and Roman learning
50
Which statement best explains why Byzantine influences strongly affected Russia and E Europe
early Russia settlements located btwn Baltic and Black Sea
Russian minorities converted the Byzantine Empire to Islam
Byzantine empire spread democracy to Russia
Rulers in W Europe refused to trade with E Europe
51
In Europe during the Middle Ages, increases in trade and commerce resulted in
increased political power for the clergy
lower living standards for industrial workers
development of towns and cities
decreased economic rivalry btwn kings
52
During the early Middle Ages, W European societies were most influences by
the Roman Catholic Church
elected parliaments
the Byzantine emperors
national monarchies
53
During the 18 and 19 c., increased contact btwn Euro and Africa, Asia and S America resulted in
the exploitation of labor and resources of these continents
a return to the political and economic systems of feudalism
preservation of the rights of the indigenous peoples
closer cultural cooperation btwn Euro and these continents
54
Which factor contributed to the decline in power of European nobles in the late Middle Ages?
rise of nation-states
increase in influence of serfs
collapse of international trade
decreasing importance of towns and cities
55
The European feudal system was
designed to promote political and economic equality
intended to provide opportunities for social mobility
supported by the labor of peasants
controlled by a powerful middle class
56
One aspect common to both Shinto and Taoism is a
belief in one God
deep reverence and respect for nature
ban on the consumption of pork
belief in the reincarnation of souls
57
Which statement best describes the result of the Crusades?
Europeans developed a tolerance of non-Christian religions
Trade between Europe and the Middle East expanded
islamic influence dominated Europe
Europeans maintained a lasting control over the Middle East
58
A major feature of the Golden Age of Muslim culture was the
persecution of Jews and Christains
adoption of democratic government
political and economic isolation of the Arab world
development of the foundation of modern science and math
59
What do these: Calcutta, Nanjing, Venice, Mogadishu have in common from 1200-1650?
cities of origin for major religions
centers of world trade
Latin American societies
sites of early civilization
60
Which idea about leadership would Machiavelli most likely support?
Leaders should be elected fairly and democratically
leaders should do whatever is necessary to achieve goals
Leaders should listen to the desire of the people
It is better to be loved, than feared
61
A study of Mayas, Aztecs, and Incas would show that these ancient American civilizations
lived at peace with their neighbors
produced few cultural achievements
welcomed the new technology brought by Euro explorers
rivaled the accomplishments of Middle Eastern cultures
62
What can be seen form studying the Axum, Kush, Mali, and Songhai?
Farming was more extensive in the Nile than anywhere else
The Neolithic Revolution first occurred in Africa
These had rich history before European contact
The African societies flourished at the same time
63
Constantinople became the center of the Byzantine Empire because
the pope had made it the capital of the Christian world
it was a religious center for Muslims
its location made it the crossroads of Europe and Asia
it was geographically isolated from surrounding empires
64
Which statement best described society under medieval Christianity and traditional Islam?
Religion was a way of life that governed people
Both religions influences society by expressing equality
Religion played a major role only in the lives of clergy
Religion permitted the freedom to choose how people worship
65
Why did the Renaissance begin in Italy?
Italian city-states were centers of trade and manufacturing
The Catholic Church was based in Italy
Italy was politically unified
Roots of the Roman Empire were revived
66
What was typical of Greece during the Golden age and Italy during the Renaissance?
social mobility
a questioning spirit
racial diversity
universal suffrage/democracy
67
What do the Maya, Aztec, and Inca have in common?
peaceful territorial expansion
origin in the Andes Mountains
dedication to advancement of science
social equality
68
The economic policy of mercantilism first developed during the
Age of Exploration
Middle Ages
Enlightenment
Scientific Revolution
69
During the Commercial Revolution, the joint stock company was developed to meet the needs of
mercantilism
feudalism
entrepreneurship
manorialism
70
The W African kingdoms of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai flourished btwn 700 and 1600 mainly b/c they
became religious centers considered sacred to Africans
controlled the trade routes across the Sahara
received support from European colonial governments
developed self-sufficient economies
71
Machiavelli and Hobbes both advocated that a ruler should
obtain consent of the governed
divide power evenly
employ absolute power
obtain power from a social contract
72
A major goal of the Christian Church during the Crusades was to
strengthen English dominance of the Arab world
establish Christianity in W Europe
unite warring Arab peoples
capture the Holy land from Islamic rulers
73
Which phrase best describes Mali under the rule of Mansa Musa?
a time of colonial unrest
a golden age
a poverty-stricken era
a period of political chaos
74
Notre Dame Cathedral, the Dome of the Rock, and the Great Pyramid are examples of
architectural accomplishments that reflect religious beliefs
ancient architectural monuments no longer in use
the influence of Buddhist architecture on conquered nations
influence of cultural diffusion on contemporary architecture
75
The Middle Ages in W Europe was characterized by
extensive trade with Asia and the Middle East
the manor system and land ownership
absolute monarchies
decreased emphasis on religion in daily life
76
The map shows that the Mongol Empire stretched across
South America and Asia
Europe and Asia
North America and Europe
Africa and Southeast Asia
77
Buildings such as the Gothic cathedrals in W Europe and the Parthenon in ancient Greece reflect
belief in democracy
imperialist attitudes
cultural values
rigid social structure
78
In Western Europe, which development caused the other three?
fall of Rome
rise in the power of the Roman Catholic Church
breakdown of central government
decline of trade
79
In what way was the Renaissance similar to the Tang dynasty?
The peasant class was instrumental in both
Religious reform was a major concern
Advances in art, technology, and learning occurred
Warfare and insurrection characterized both
80
Which was a characteristic of feudalism?
Power rested in the hands of a strong central government
Court systems were developed
Land was exchanged for military service and obligations
Government was provided by a bureaucracy of civil servants
81
The ethnocentric attitudes of the various Chinese can best be attributed to the
great culutral diversity within China's borders
interest of Chinese scholars in other civilizations
failure of other nations to become interested in China
cultural isolation of China
82
W Europe is indebted to this empire that ensured survival of Christianity when it was too weak
Mongol
Ottoman
Byzantine
Hellenistic
83
Which statement about the social structure in Europe during the Middle Ages is most accurate?
sharp class distinctions divided European society
industrialization led to the growth of socialism in Europe
The nobles encouraged social mobility
the practices of the church led to classless society
84
What is the best conclusion based on the information provided by the map?
Islam was slow to expand from its original start in Persia
Islam spread to religions that had culture similar to Arabia
Islam's influence is rapidly decreasing in the modern world
Islam has become the dominant religion in many cultures
85
The travels of Marco Polo resulted in the
decline of Mongol rule in China
introduction of gunpowder to China
expansion of trade btwn China and Europe
use of Confucian teaching in Europe
86
Africa's geography is characterized by
an absence of rain forests
an irregular coastline and excellent harbors
a diverse topography
a lack of major river systems
87
The Crusades indirectly contributed to the discovery of the New World by
stimulating European demand for goods from the East
forcing Turks to flee form Constantinople
forcing religious conversion of Muslims
increasing power of feudal lords
88
Which cultural element spread from the Byzantine Empire to early Russia?
silk cloth
Orthodox Christianity
Latin language
democratic ideas
89
The European feudal system represents a society based on
political ability
social class
educational achievement
accumulated wealth
90
In the 16th and 17th c. in Latin America, European mercantilism lead to
growth of democratic forms of gov't
opposition to the Catholic Church
exploitation of people and resources
rejection of Spanish culture
91
Many achievements of Islamic civilization reached European society by way of
merchant guilds and the Industrial Revolution
Crusades and E Mediterranean trading networks
conquests of the Germanic tribes and trade along Silk Road
Middle Passage and the Columbian Exchange
92
Humanism was
a rejection of ancient civilizations
embracing the separation of church and state
belief in the supremacy of the collective
appreciation for the worth of the individual
93
The Sumerians, Phoenicians, and Mayans were similar in that each
developed writing systems
emphasized social equality
had decentralized political structures
established monotheistic religions
94
Which POV best represents the philosophy behind the Renaissance?
Religious doctrines should not be questioned
The Greek and Roman civilizations are worthy of study
Class distinctions in society should be re-examined
The Catholic Church should be questioned and re-evaluated
95
Rome during the Pax Romana and the Catholic Church during the Middle Ages are examples of
Communist regimes
feudal governments
constitutional monarchies
centralized powers
96
During the 1400s, the cities of Venice, Constantinople, and Canton achieved prominence b/c
democratic gov'ts attracted trade
pleasant climates led to increase in populations
locations were favorable for trade
military power led to industrialization
97
One principle in the theory of mercantilism is that colonies should be
considered an economic burden for the colonial power
granted independence as soon as possible
encouraged to develop their own industries
acquired as markets and sources of raw materials
98
In medieval Japan and medieval Europe, the feudal system was dominated by
radical revolutionaries
middle class merchants
peasant farmers
warrior aristocrats
99
The art, music, and philosophy of the medieval period in Europe generally dealt with
human scientific achievements
materialism
religious themes
classic Greek and Roman subjects
100
One similarity between the Gupta and the Tang dynasty is that each
gained overseas colonies
promoted equality for women
made advances in the arts, sciences, and mathematics
developed a representative government
101
In both Europe and Japan, the major reason for the development of feudalism was to
provide order during a period of weak central governments
increase trade and manufacturing
consolidate the political power of the region
eliminate the need for a legal system
102
Block printing, gunpowder, the abacus, porcelain making, and compass are associated with the
Byzantine Empire
Tang and Song dynasties
Gupta Empire
Ghana and Mali civilizations
103
Spain's colonial policy of mercantilism affected Latin America by promoting
free and rapid trade with Asia and Africa
the production of raw materials and cash crops
isolationism
respect for the rights of the indigenous
104
The spread of Islam into the kingdoms of Ghana and Mali resulted from
cultural diffusion
ethnocentrism
imperialism
self-determination
105
Europeans had little impact on China's culture mainly b/c
Japanese culutre had become dominant in China
the Europeans forbid their missionaries from going to China
the Chinese viewed their culture as superior
Confucianism prohibited the Chinese from foreign interaction
106
A study of early African and Asian civilizations shows that
religion had little developmental influence
societies usually developed along river valleys
large cities were not established until Europeans came
men and women had equal employment opportunities
107
In the Renaissance period, which factor was emphasized by the philosophy of humanism?
devotion to religion
obedience to gov't officials
superiority of medieval thought
value of the individual
108
Which statement can best be supported by the existence of Songhai, Mali, Kush, and Nubia?
The societies were involved in violent civil wars
They were entirely self-sufficient and discouraged trade
Africans established thriving civilization before Euro came
Natural geographic barriers prevented trade
109
Mercantilism is best illustrated by the
economic structure of China during the Yuan dynasty
the relationship btwn Spain and Latin America
military strategies of the Mali
social kinship of the Ashanti people
110
Which factor contributed to the success of the vast empire created by the Mongols?
paying monetary tribute to local rulers
employing superior military skills
converting conquered peoples to Confucianism
avoiding contact with the West
111
The Byzantine Empire
led Crusades to capture Rome from the Huns
adapted the Roman principles of justice
Helped maintain Roman rule over W Europe
used a senate as the chief governing body
112
The Crusades, the travels of Marco Polo, and the fall of the Byzantine Empire contributed to
growth of feudalism in Europe
decline in African slave trade
end of absolute monarchy in Russia
Age of Exploration in Europe
113
In Europe a long-term effect of the Crusades was
the strengthening of the feudal system
an adoption of Islam
increased European isolation
an increased demand of goods from the East
114
"From S Spain, across N Africa, occupying Arabian peninsula to SE Asia" once described the
Muslim world
Gupta Empire
Aztec Empire
Pax Romana
115
Archaeological evidence found at Tenochtitlan and Machu Picchu suggests that these socities
consisted of hunters and gatherers
practice monotheism
were highly developed and organized
followed a democratic system
116
Which style of architecture includes by stained windows, flying buttresses, and pointed arches?
neoclassical
Corinthian
Gothic
Ionic
117
Which system developed as a result of the Commercial Revolution in Europe?
market economy
manorilaism
mercantalism
absolutism
118
The Roman Catholic Church during the Middle Ages can best be described as a church that
was a stabilizing force during time of weak central powers
favored separation from secular government
avoided involvement in social and educational matters
was a strong force that divided many people