Which of the following statements is NOT true about achievement motivation?

Achievement is almost exclusively determined by extrinsic forces

An evolutionary psychologist would agree with all of the following statements EXCEPT

nurture is more important than nature in terms of shaping human behavior

which of the following is NOT true about the normal sleep cycle?

Delta waves are only observed in stage 1 sleep

Which of the following is NOT true about the physical properties of electromagnetic energy?

Hue is determined by light frequency

Weber's law of the difference threshold states which of the following?

4 person 2 perceive difference, 2 stimuli must differ by constant minimum%

Randomly assign children to both groups

Which of the following statements about hypnosis is true?

Hypnotized people cannot be forced to do things against their will

Which of the following correctly traces the path of sound waves when they enter the ear?

Tympanic membrane-ossicles-cochlea-auditory nerve-auditory cortex

Frank dislikes job, but always works hard bc enjoys prestige & salary associated w his position. what explains behavior

Frank has experienced extrinsic motivation

In psychology, "behavior" is best defined as

any action we can observe and record

Beth scores poorly on standardized test. later reads that test was normed yrs ago. what might Beth be thinking abt test?

The test could be biased against women

Twins that are genetically identical are known as

both maternal and monozygotic twins

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ap psych final (second semester) pt 2

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1
Which of the following statements is NOT true about achievement motivation?
People with a high need for achievement tend to be more persistent
High achievement has both emotional and cognitive roots
To Maslow, basic needs must first be meet in order to aspire 2 higher goals
Achievement is almost exclusively determined by extrinsic forces
2
Harold enjoys active sports, mountain climbing. what idea suggests behavior is determined by interaction of personality?
Internal locus of control
Reciprocal determinism
Personal control
Learned helplessness
3
Lilly concerned 4 health of unborn child bc she was exposed to possibly dangerous chemicals at work. concerned abt…
Imprinting
Teratogens
Lesions
Reuptake
4
What perspective of personality assumes that people process conscious feelings abt themselves in light of needs?
Psychodynamic
Trait
Humanistic
Psychoanalytic
5
look @ image
accommodation
group think
assimilation
social facilitation
6
Patty Hearst experienced this from of brainwashing (Stockholm syndrome) when kidnapped by SLA in 1970s. phenomenon:
Transference
Self-serving bias
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
Bystander effect
7
At which stage of psychosocial development does a person work to form close relationships or feel socially isolated?
Initiative vs. guilt
Autonomy vs. shame and doubt
Integrity vs. despair
Intimacy vs. isolation
8
What subtype of schizophrenia often involves immobility or excessive, purposeless movements?
Catatonic
Undifferentiated
Disorganized
Paranoid
9
Basic needs often motivate human behavior; meet higher-order needs, one must meet basic needs (hierarchy of needs). who?
Skinner
Pavlov
Maslow
Cannon
10
An evolutionary psychologist would agree with all of the following statements EXCEPT
anger facilitated the survival of our ancestors' genes
certain basic brain structures, like medulla, have roots in biological past
males prefer attractive phys. features 4 women, & women prefer men w status
nurture is more important than nature in terms of shaping human behavior
11
The single-blind procedure would be most likely to minimize what on the part of the participants?
Random assignment
The placebo effect
Replication
Observational definitions
12
look @ image
Obsessive-compulsive disorder
Generalized anxiety disorder
Post-traumatic stress disorder
Hypochondriasis
13
Sonny is seeking treatment 4 alcoholism. goes 2 therapist who puts a color/odorless sub. to cause vomiting. called…
Aversive conditioning
Assimilation
Systematic desensitization
Resistance
14
What figure most associated w operant conditioning as well as creator of device “operating box”?
Skinner
Watson
Bandura
Pavlov
15
What structure provides internal communication for sensory and motor inputs in the central nervous system?
Cell body
Interneuron
Pituitary gland
Dendrite
16
Which theory of emotion focuses on high and low arousal and whether an emotion is pleasant or unpleasant?
Two-dimension theory
Two-factor theory
James-Lange
Opponent-process theory
17
which of the following is NOT true about the normal sleep cycle?
REM sleep periods get longer as the night goes on
Delta waves are only observed in stage 1 sleep
REM sleep is also known as paradoxical sleep
Sleep spindles normally occur only in stage 2 sleep
18
Which of the following is NOT true about the physical properties of electromagnetic energy?
Intensity of light is determined by the amplitude of the wave
Longer-wavelength light has a lower frequency
Wavelength is the distance between successive wave peaks
Hue is determined by light frequency
19
Weber's law of the difference threshold states which of the following?
The just noticeable difference must be lower than the absolute threshold
Subliminal messages work best on people who have heightened diff threshold
4 person 2 perceive difference, 2 stimuli must differ by constant minimum%
Transduction must precede signal detection
20
Bc of road construction, Farley must take new/unfamiliar route home. finds way home. what explains her success?
Observational learning
Generalization
Social cognitive theory
Latent learning
21
Karen agreed 2 participate in research study. shes interviewed in great detail/ observed over several months. ex of:
a survey
hypothesis testing
a case study
correlational research
22
What portion of the brain includes the visual areas, which receive visual information from the opposite visual field?
Occipital lobe
Medulla
Parietal lobe
Frontal lobe
23
thought to be form of mental illness, but shown under the right circumstances, almost any1 guilty for it. behavior:
Prejudice
Groupthink
Dispositional attribution
Generalization
24
look @ image
Deindividuation
Fundamental attribution error
Groupthink
Defense mechanisms
25
Paul’s upset after taking exam bc his professor had told him 2 study ch 5 but test on ch 6. complaint concerns…
Predictive validity
Split-half reliability
Criterion validity
Content validity
26
look @ picture
Randomly assign children to both groups
Place the most aggressive children in the control group
Place the most aggressive children in the experimental grp
Place the most passive children in the control group
27
Which of the following statements about hypnosis is true?
Hypnotized people have no memory of the experience
Hypnotized people cannot be forced to do things against their will
Hypnosis increases the accuracy of memories
Hypnosis is the same as sleep
28
look @ image
maturation
conservation of matter
egocentrism
object permanence
29
Which of the following correctly traces the path of sound waves when they enter the ear?
Cochlea-tympanic membrane-ossicles-auditory nerve-auditory cortex
Tympanic membrane-ossicles-cochlea-auditory nerve-auditory cortex
Tympanic membrane-ossicles-fovea-auditory nerve- auditory cortex
Tympanic membrane-cochlea-ossicles-auditory cortex-auditory nerve
30
The type of psychological research most vulnerable to the effects of wording is
survey
correlation
case study
naturalistic observation
31
look @ image
Free association
Interpretation
Systematic desensitization
Active listening
32
look @ image
Semantic encoding
Serial position effect
Chunking effect.
Spacing effect
33
Some people r motivated to accomplish tasks such as mountain climbing, parachuting, or running a marathon. which theory?
Drive-reduction theory
Arousal theory
Cannon-Bard theory
Instinct theory
34
Frank dislikes job, but always works hard bc enjoys prestige & salary associated w his position. what explains behavior
Frank has experienced intrinsic motivation
Frank has experienced a secondary punisher
Frank has experienced extrinsic motivation
Frank has been classically conditioned through acquisition
35
In psychology, "behavior" is best defined as
any action, whether observable or not
any action we can observe and record
anything a person sees, does, or feels
any action an observer perceives as important
36
Who was the author of a controversial study from the 1950s concerning American sexual behavior?
Skinner
Watson
Freud
Kinsey
37
A therapist tells Paula that her id is dominating her behavior. which most associated w concept of id?
Bandura
Piaget
Erikson
Freud
38
What approach to psychotherapy attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts?
Eclectic
Behavioral
Humanistic
Psychoanalytic
39
What field of psychology emphasizes our tendency to integrate pieces of information into meaningful wholes?
Gestalt
Perceptualism
Structuralism
Functionalism
40
Beth scores poorly on standardized test. later reads that test was normed yrs ago. what might Beth be thinking abt test?
The reliability of the test is low
All are equally likely
The test could be biased against women
The content validity of the test is high
41
What subtype of schizophrenia often involves a preoccupation with delusions or hallucinations?
Catatonic
Residual
Paranoid
Disorganized
42
The processing of information into the memory system by means of extracting meaning is called
storage
rehearsal
encoding
retrieval
43
Kathy blind since birth. new surgical technique able 2 get sight at 30. which research proves not likely 2 recognize obj
Transduction
Sensory deprivation
Accommodation
Selective attention
44
patients suffer from severe epilepsy & dont responded 2 other treatments. found relief thru radical surgery. doctor cuts
amygdala
corpus callosum
medulla
hippocampus
45
Which of these is NOT a defense mechanism identified by Freud?
Regression.
Sublimation
Generalization
Reaction formation
46
Vic, normally peaceful person, gets involved in fight. when ?ned abt it, says he was going along w crowd. experienced:
Cognitive dissonance
Normative social influence
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
Deindividuation
47
Evelyn says that the name she is trying to remember is on the tip of her tongue. This is a clear failure of
rehearsal
storage
retrieval
encoding
48
Damage to what brain structure can result in either extreme, insatiable hunger or a total lack of interest in food?
Hypothalamus
Prefrontal cortex
Hippocampus
Angular gyrus
49
look @ image
Seasonal affective disorder
Dissociative identity disorder
Dissociative fugue
Narcissistic personality disorder
50
Carl Rogers developed approach 2 psychotherapy, involves active listening on part of therapist & empathetic environment
client centered
behavioral
psychoanalytic
eclectic
51
Twins that are genetically identical are known as
both maternal and monozygotic twins
monozygotic twins
fraternal twins
maternal twins
52
All of the following correctly describe the process of the action potential EXCEPT
the neuron fires an impulse when it receives signals from sense receptors
electrical impulses travel from one neuron to another across cerebral gap
in refractory period, neuron pumps positively charged ions outside axon
fluid-filled interior of a resting axon is full of negatively charged ions
53
Who is associated with the famous "Little Albert" research of the 1920s?
Watson
Pavlov
Bandura
Skinner
54
All of the following are consistent with the opponent-process theory EXCEPT
opposing retinal processes make possible color vision
The retina contains three different color receptors
Some cells in the retina are stimulated by 1 color & inhibited by another
Opponent process explains the effects.of afterimages
55
Stan experiencing unexplained tenseness, uneasiness, apprehension, and sense of body arousal. diagnosis:
Phobic disorder
Panic disorder
Generalized anxiety disorder
Major depressive disorder
56
Why do neurons in the brain often cluster together to form neural networks?
Strengthen connections that produce given output in response 2 input patern
To produce lesions on the brain
To release endorphins
To better provide simple automatic responses to sensory stimuli
57
Which part of the nervous system regulates the fight-or-flight differ by a constant minimum percentage instinct?
Autonomic nervous svstem
Sympathetic nervous system
Somatic nervous system
Parasympathetic nervous system
58
The concept of cognitive development consisting of four distinct stages is credited to
Bandura
Kohlberg
Erikson
Piaget
59
theory of emotion that states emotionally arousing experience = simultaneous triggering of physiological reaction
Cannon-Bard theory
James-Lange theory
Drive-reduction theory
Two-factor theory
60
Which of the following is NOT true about the motor and sensory cortices?
Sensitive areas like mouth, fingers, & genitals occupy cortical space
motor cortex controls voluntary movements/sensory cortex processes body sen
The motor cortex is located-at the front of the parietal: lobe
Both are located in the lower portions of the cerebellum
61
look @ image
Generalized anxiety disorder
Phobic disorder
Post-traumatic stress disorder
Obsessive-compulsive disorder
62
look @ image
naturalistic observation
survey research
replication research
experimentation
63
What perspective of personality focuses on biologically influenced dispositions such as introversion or extroversion?
Humanistic
Trait
Psychodynamic
Psychoanalytic
64
Colson is learning to play the piano. He memorized notes by remembering "Every Good Boy Does Fine". trick called:
mnemonic device
encoding device
implicit organizer
rehearsal cue
65
look @ image
Prototyping
Availability heuristic
Serial position effect
Representative heuristic
66
person scores very low on general intelligence test but displays unbelievable capacity 2 carry out skill. said to have:
savant syndrome
mental retardation
Down syndrome
high creativity
67
What process best explains the participation of seemingly good- natured soldiers in torture of prisoners?
Transference
Dispositional attribution
Situational attribution
Entrapment
68
Carla has fear of snakes. cleans garage & mistakes piece of rope for snake. screams/flees. classical conditioning term:
Spontaneous recovery
Generalization
Higher-order conditioning
Stimulus discrimination
69
Janice wants to compare automatic functions like breathing & heart rate in living things. what portion of brain focus on
Cerebellum
Medulla
Frontal lobe
All of the above
70
Animation and motion pictures would not appear to be moving if what effect was missing?
Accommodation
Size consistency
Stroboscopic movement
Perceptual consistency
71
Kyndall is concerned about her grade in psychology, earned 0 on assignment. has As and Bs, what impact will 0 have?
Her zero grade might skew her average
None of these can be inferred
The zero grade will be the mode score
Her range of scores will be restricted
72
look @ image
Variable interval
Fixed ratio
Continuous
Fixed interval
73
At which stage of psychosocial development does a person need to exercise will and do things independently?
Initiative vs. guilt
Identity vs, role confusion
Trust vs, mistrust
Autonomy vs, shame and doubt
74
Warren has been diagnosed with aphasia. An MRI scan of his brain would likely show damage to what region of his brain?
Cerebellum
Prefrontal cortex
Broca's area
Hypothalamus
75
Who was the creator of the concept of social-cognitive theory?
Feud
Bandura
Pavlov
Watson
76
In an experiment, the hypothesis is
a statement of the findings
a statement based on extrinsic facts
a statement that is proved true
a statement of the expected results
77
The bystander effect is less likely to occur when-which of the -following is true?
A person is in a small town or rural area
All are true
A person is not in a hurry
A person experiences guilt
78
An investigator interested in relationship between time of year & suicide rates in particular area use technique:
case study
experimentation
correlation
simple observation
79
look @ image
Systematic desensitization
Transference
Generalization
Resistance
80
Molly decides 2 combine therapies that involve changing self-defeating thinking & changing inapprop. behavior. form of:
cognitive-behavior therapy
humanistic therapy
insight therapy
psychoanalysis
81
look @ image
belief persistence
belief bias
confirmation bias
overconfidence
82
which of the following is a basic component of language structure
grammar
morphemes
all of the above
phonemes
83
one of most feared brain ailments of old age involves deterioration of neurons that produce acetylcholine. called…
Alzheimer's
dementia
stroke
savant syndrome
84
Infants often demonstrate recognition when exposed 2 photos of mothers, not j smell. which explains this phenomenon?
Visual capture
Perceptual adaptation
Feature detectors
Parallel processing
85
look @ image
lobotomy
cingulotomy
transcranial magnetic stimulation
electroconvulsive therapy
86
What aspect of person is responsible 4 distorting logical reasoning & confusing conclusions; which belief bias?
Ego
Overconfidence
Preexisting beliefs
Motivation
87
Mike's professor has assigned him the endocrine system as a research topic. which should NOT include in report
Parathyroids
Testes
Thalamus
Ovaries
88
Which of the following is best associated with the concept of basic trust formation in children?
Piaget
Skinner
Erikson
Bandura
89
Bobby takes college admissions test several times & all of scores nearly identical. what does this suggest abt test?
The test needs to be renormed
It appears to have test-retest reliability
It must be very hard
The test is out-of-date
90
People often construct a mental image of the best model of a concept or category. This image is called a(n)
cognition
prototype
concept
heuristic
91
Douglas has been diagnosed with borderline personality disorder. Which of these best describes his behavior?
He has intense but unstable relationships and fears abandonment
He lies, steals, manipulates others, and shows a lack of guilt
He displays delusional behavior associated with hallucinations
He has an exaggerated sense of self-importance and self-absorption
92
The major active ingredient of marijuana, THC, would be classified as which of the following?
Stimulant
Depressant
Hallucinogen
Barbiturate
93
Which of the following lists of gestational stages is in the correct order?
Fetus-embryo-zygote
Embryo-zygote-fetus
Zygote-fetus-embryo
Zygote-embryo-fetus
94
Researchers studying rates of clinical depression/suicide notice that diagnosis rates are higher in winter months. shows
amanic episode
hypochondriasis
seasonal affective disorder
dysrhythmia disorder
95
Bandura: which would NOT have to be present for observational learning to be successful?
Motivation
Attention
Retention
Intention
96
The tragic case of Phineas Gage demonstrates the role of what part of the brain in personality?
Medulla
Occipital lobe
Prefrontal cortex
Cerebellum
97
What classic projective testing method requires subjects to interpret various inkblots, revealing inner feelings
TAT
Stanford-Binet
MMPI
None of these
98
What happens to excess neurotransmitters that are released by the vesicles in the sending neuron?
Through a process called reuptake they are reabsorbed by the sending neuron
The sending neuron never sends excess neurotransmitters
They become agonists that mimic a particular neurotransmitter
They are absorbed by the receptor sites on the receiving neuron
99
The WAIS and the Stanford-Binet are what kind of tests?
Intelligence
Achievement
Aptitude
Criterion referenced
100
The overabundance of what substance in the brain is often linked to schizophrenia?
Endorphins
Serotonin
Dopamine
Acetylcholine

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