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AP Psych Exam Review
AP Psych Exam Review
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1
A therapist who tells a client to write down their depressed thoughts is using this perspective
structuralist
cognitive
pharmacological
behavioral
2
REM sleep deprivation generally causes what kinds of side effects
heightened manifest dream content
interference with memory tasks
sleep apnea and night terrors
intense, prolonged periods of Stage 3 & 4 sleep
3
A low level of glucose in Sam's bloodstream would most likely make him want to
pursue a romantic interest
eat a meal
go for a run
make new friends
4
patients who are described as "split brain" have had what structure removed
hippocampus
prefrontal cortex
corpus callosum
medulla oblongata
5
Choosing 20 people at random from a large lecture class of 400 is an example of
random sampling
random assignment
assignment to conditions
representative assignment
6
James is interested in the processing strategies children use to learn new information. He is a
personality psychologist
clinical psychologist
sociocultural psychologist
cognitive psychologist
7
learned helplessness is most likely to be directly related to
unconditional positive regard
an external locus of control
the Oedipus complex
the self-serving bias
8
How would drive reduction theory explain a person eating half a bowl of M&M's and stopping
they were satisfying the 2nd step on the hierarchy of needs
people eat in moderation to prevent being seen as selfish
humans are instinctively driven to eat sugar and fat
the person stopped when their body had reached homeostasis
9
children who suffer brain damage can regain function more quickly than older patients due to
neuroplasticity
contralateral control
hemispheric lateralization
effective psychological environment
10
People who are easily hypnotizable are likely to score highly on which Big 5 trait
openness
neuroticism
extraversion
conscientiousness
11
How would a psychometrician interpret an IQ score of 145
the person has high verbal bot low logical intelligence
slightly above average
well below the average of 200
three standard deviations above the mean of 100
12
What factors are ignored when people commit the fundament attribution error
dispositional
social
situational
behavioral
13
Lana learns how to be goalie as her coach gradually rolls the ball faster at parts the goal
token economy
higher-order conditioning
law of effect
behavior shaping
14
which structure in the eye is most responsible for color vision
cornea
rods
cones
optic nerve
15
After repeated firings, neural connections are strengthened. What is this process
state-dependent memory
semantic encoding
long-term potentiation
proactive interference
16
Abraham Maslow theorized that people are motivated by
desire to achieve in the eyes of others
satisfying needs on a hierarchy
reinforcement of primary and secondary needs
achieving physiological homeostasis
17
Which of the therapies below is no longer used to treat patients
gestalt therapy
free association
electro-convulsive shock therapy
prefrontal lobotomy
18
After studying for weeks and taking an AP exam, Conrad gets the flu. What theory explains this
James-Lange theory of emotion
Yerkes-Dodson law
Festinger's cognitive dissonance theory
Selye's general adaptation syndrome
19
Which is most closely associated with creativity
divergent thinking
contextual intelligence
functional fixedness
hypothesis testing
20
Why are psychoanalysts interested in talking with patients about dreams
counter conditioned behaviors are often revealed in dreams
neurotransmitter anomalies cause dream disturbances
symbols in dreams represent unconscious conflicts
disturbing dreams are obstacles to self actualization
21
light enters the eye through an opening in the
fovea
iris
blind spot
retina
22
If Pavlov's dogs began to salivate when they heard a sound similar to a bell they would show
spontaneous recovery
stimulus generalization
unconditioned response
stimulus discrimination
23
our ability to perceive depth depends on what other perceptual abilities
top-down and bottom-up processing
proximity and similarity
vestibular and kinesthetic senses
binocular and monocular cues
24
A personality test which calls Jan an extravert the first time and an introvert the next lacks
standardization
test-retest reliability
aptitude measures
construct validity
25
Which is one of the key factors distinguishing major depressive disorder from sadness
sadness is paired with heightened senses and mania
lasts longer than 2 weeks without an obvious cause
specific changes in the brain
normal sadness is much less intense than depression
26
A musician who signs a recording contract stops playing for fun. This is best explained by
latent learning
the overjustification effect
the law of effect
social learning theory
27
which newborn reflex helps infants find and eat food
stepping
Moro
Babinski
rooting
28
A doctor determining whether an accident caused structural damage to the brain would use
EEG
PET
MRI
rTMS
29
what kind of symptom is common among all somatic symptom disorders
substance abuse and dependence
inappropriate or flat affect
disconnection from reality and delusions
experiencing a physical problem without a physical cause
30
Intelligence researchers like Gardner and Sternberg argue that schools focus too much on
traditional and analytical subjects and methods
environmental factors that influence intelligence
nonessential subjects like art and music
meeting the needs of students with disabilities
31
which 2 competing theories explain the effects of hypnosis
role theory and dissociation theory
conscious level and non conscious level
manifest content and latent content
circadian rhythm and paradoxical sleep
32
A medication prescribed for major depression would most likely act on which neurotransmitter
acetylcholine
dopamine
serotonin
adrenaline
33
Someone who fails an exam and reacts by studying longer probably has this locus of control
internal
external
situational
fundamental
34
Bandura's theory of reciprocal determinism states personality results from the interaction of
rewards, punishments, and reinforcers
id, ego, and superego
genetics, the unconscious, and social facilitation
traits, the environment, and behavior
35
which of the following terms applies to IQ tests
projective
standardized
achievement
triarchic
36
Most people can taste 1g of salt in 1qt of water. Which concept is related to this statement
sensory adaptation
absolute threshold
frequency theory
difference threshold
37
Which best summarizes the results of Tolman's latent learning experiment
reinforcement had little impact on the rats' performance
rats who explored the maze first ran faster when reinforced
rats that were continually reinforced ran the maze faster
rats that received punishment ran the maze faster
38
Withdrawal symptoms are most directly caused by this process
activation-synthesis
tolerance
antagonists
dissociation
39
After a natural disaster Faye says, "Serves them right for not having better warning systems."
just world bias
false consensus effect
Barnum effect
self-serving bias
40
According to humanist theory, psychological disorders are most likely caused by
unhealthy attributional styles
unfulfilled needs
neurochemical imbalances
learned associations
41
What is the purpose of the DSM
explain the symptoms and cures of disorders
discuss theories related to the treatment of disorders
list the diagnostic criteria and symptoms of disorders
describe the biopsychosocial causes of disorders
42
What research method could study the relationship between owning a hybrid car and being vegan
case study
correlation study
naturalistic observation
experiment
43
When running for class president, Edy puts pictures of herself everywhere. Why might this help
deindividuation
mere-exposure effect
central route persuasion
foot-in-the-door phenomenon
44
This enables greater transmission speed of neural impulses from one node to the next
myelin
neurotransmiters
synaptic cleft
terminal button
45
Which personality theory is criticized for its overly optimistic view of human nature
trait
cognitive
psychoanalytic
humanistic
46
The case study of Phineas Gage was significant because it was one of the the first examples of
a specific brain area associated with emotional changes
using a CAT scan to document the extent of the injury
treatment with drugs that alter neurotransmission
treating a brain-damaged patient with psychotherapy
47
Her research focused on wording and the misinformation effects on memory
Mary Whiton Calkins
Elizabeth Kubler-Ross
Elizabeth Loftus
Mary Ainsworth
48
The fact that our ears are located on opposite sides of our head best helps us with
sound localization
detecting absolute threshold
hearing high frequencies
sensory adaptation
49
Bandura's Bobo doll experiment evidenced the importance of __________ in social learning
latent learning
modeling
mirror neurons
sublimation
50
which structure is part of the inner ear
auditory canal
malleus (hammer)
basilar membrane
tympanic membrane
51
Lara is attracted to Craig but can't stand his friends and family. Her conflict is classified
approach-approach
avoidance-avoidance
approach-avoidance
she does not have a conflict
52
classical conditioning involves __________; operant conditioning involves __________
fixed intervals; variable ratios
schedules; punishers
pairing stimuli; rewards and punishments
learned responses; physiological reactions
53
testing the problem-solving skills of 10, 20, and 30-year-olds in a study uses this method
longitudinal study
social-cognitive study
cross-sectional study
developmental study
54
which technique controls for both experimenter and subject bias
Hawthorne effect
double blind study
counterbalancing
single blind study
55
Ryan suffers from constant worry for no particular reason. He most likely suffers from
post-traumatic stress disorder
obsessive-compulsive disorder
major depressive disorder
generalized anxiety disorder
56
Which technique would be most helpful in avoiding the problems associated with groupthink
responding to deindividuation among group members
identifying approach-avoidance conflicts
increasing group polarization within different groups
encouraging contrary opinions within the group
57
which social psychology principle best explains prejudice
in-group bias
compliance strategies
self-serving bias
individualism
58
Sigmund Freud made this perspective popular in Western Europe at the turn of the 20th century
cognitive
evolutionary
psychoanalytic
behavioral
59
An American's prototype of a chair is most likely to include
a desk and/or table
pens, pencils, and a computer
an armchair, chairlift, and wheelchair
four legs and a seat
60
counterconditioning lies at the heart of which therapeutic approach
client-centered therapy
systematic desensitization
token economies
REBT
61
which type of therapist is most likely to prescribe lithium for a patient with bipolar disorder
clinical psychologist
cognitive psychotherapist
psychiatrist
psychoanalyst
62
Which statement best represents the relationship between performance and arousal
performance is best at low and high levels of arousal
performance steadily increases as arousal increases
performance continually decreases as arousal increases
too little or too much arousal is harmful to performance
63
Which theory would assert that a key motivation for people is spreading their genetic material
humanistic
cognitive
psychodynamic
evolutionary
64
Runners in a park increase their speed when another runner comes into view. This illustrates
conformity
social roles
disinhibition
social facilitation
65
A variable ratio of reinforcement is often preferable to a fixed ratio because
variable ratio schedules produce the quickest results
fixed ratio schedules are more time intensive
variable ratio schedules are more resistant to extinction
fixed ratios allow both classical and operant learning
66
Harlow's rhesus monkey experiment illustrated
the danger of separating babies from their natural parents
that primates can make and use tools
the importance of physical contact to development
that language is a uniquely human skill
67
Knowledge of different categories of trees is an example of what type of long-term memory
eidetic memory
procedural memory
episodic memory
semantic memory
68
4YO Kate sits right in front of all the other kids to watch a magician. According to Piaget,
Kate has a lack of conservation
Kate lacks object permanence
Kate cannot reason hypothetically
Kate is demonstrating egocentrism
69
which is an example of an implicit memory
describing the taste of a birthday cake
recognizing a celebrity
recalling the name of your JH math teacher
remembering how to tie your shoelace
70
Delusions and hallucinations are most characteristic of
schizophrenia
obsessive-compulsive disorder
antisocial personality disorder
dissociative identity disorder
71
Milgram's obedience study was criticized based on what ethical grounds
violation of confidentiality
lack of informed consent
risk of psychological harm
lack of debriefing
72
According to Kohlberg, in order to reason at the postconventional level, people must
be able to take another person's perspective
resolve the integrity vs. despair conflict
have been exposed to good, moral role models
believe in God
73
breaks in a conscious personality is an indication of which kind of psychological disorder
dissociative
anixety
personality
schizophrenic
74
a musicians ability to discern between 2 similar pitches depends on which concept
signal detection theory
absolute threshold
difference threshold
bottom up processing
75
According to Piaget, when we can't ______ new information, we change our schemas through ______
ignore : adaptation
assimilate : accomodate
reward : punishment
reduce : stereotypes
76
an A+ grade in a class is which kind of reinforcer
secondary
continuous
partial
primary
77
A librarian gives a prize for every five books students read. Her schedule of reinforcement is
fixed variable
continuous
variable interval
fixed ratio
78
A test that identifies people with the potential to be great lawyers is an example of a(n)
aptitude test
achievement test
EQ test
IQ test
79
Pat is laughing because she just won the lottery. Sal thinks she is a fun person. Sal's opinion
is influenced by the fundamental attribution error
is influenced by the norm of reciprocity
is influenced by the self-serving bias
is influenced by the just world hypothesis
80
An artist making a drawing could use which of the following to add depth to the picture
retinal disparity
convergence
linear perspective
closure
81
How would a person with schizophrenia most differ from a person with a dissociative disorder
a person with schizophrenia has more than one personality
a person with dissociative disorder has trouble keeping jobs
a person with schizophrenia experiences hallucinations
a person with a dissociative disorder has delusions
82
which disorder would respond best to cognitive behavioral therapy
schizophrenia
major depressive disorder
bipolar disorder
dissociative identity disorder
83
A teacher ignoring her students' prior grades so her opinion of them is not influenced avoids
self-serving bias
cognitive dissonance
self-fulfilling prophecy
fundamental attribution error
84
what is the principle tool used in all forms of psychotherapy
cognitive-behavioral interventions
biomedical interventions
secondary preventions
talking to a patient
85
which kinds of personality theorists would make use of a projective test
psychoanalyst
trait
social-cognitive
humanist
86
Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation experiment studied what developmental concept
parenting style
assimilation
motor development
attachment
87
negative reinforcers __________ a stimulus in order to ___________ a behavior
add : decrease
remove : decrease
remove : increase
remove : punish
88
which brain structure is involved in hunger motivation
amygdala
hypothalamus
medulla
cerebellum
89
Maria slams the car door and yells at her kids. Now when they hear a car door slam they cringe
observational learning
instrumental learning
operant conditioning
classical conditioning
90
the limbic system plays an important role in
planning for the future
maintaining balance
regulating emotion
processing sensory information
91
What would Piaget test to see if a child is in pre-operational or concrete operational stage
universal ethical principles
conservation
attachment
object permanence
92
a charity includes free address labels in its fundraising letters to increase contributions
out-group homogeneity
self-fulfilling prophecy
reciprocity norm
fundamental attribution error
93
A person with a painful skin rash finds hard scratching temporarily relieves the pain
gate-control theory
frequency theory
opponent-process theory
transduction theory
94
Erikson's initiative vs. guilt stage is most closely related to what age
infant
toddler
pre-schooler
elementary school age
95
What number will tell Matt whether his research is statistically significant
a standard deviation of 4 or more
a probability of chance less than 5%
a mean that is the same as the median
a correlation coefficient close to .75
96
Amy has a cat. The first time she sees a rabbit she calls it a cat. Her mistake is due to
accommodation
discrimination
assimilation
habituation
97
seeing someone at the grocery store and remembering their name is an example of
retroactive memory
episodic memory
tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
recall
98
10 YO Genna underwent a right hemispherectomy. What action best shows her neuroplasticity
understanding what was said to her
moving her left hand
solving a logic problem
speaking aloud
99
the somatic nervous system is part of the
peripheral nervous system
autonomic nervous system
sympathetic nervous system
central nervous system
100
When Susie went to prom with Dan, Max channeled his feelings of frustration into artwork
reaction formation
sublimation
displacement
projection
101
which psychologist would agree w/the following: behavior results from reinforcers & punishers
Albert Bandura
B.F. Skinner
William James
Carl Rogers
102
Julie is more alert in the morning; John in the evening. This is because of differences in
sleep cycles
personalities
circadian rhythm
daily activities
103
What percent of people score between 70 and 130 on the WISC (M: 100, SD:15)
95
68
50
84
104
What is true about experiments that is not of other research methods
they can gather data from a large number of people quickly
they take place in more realistic, real-life settings
they can determine causal relationships between variables
they involve more research participants than other studies
105
people who catch violent movies are more likely to behave violently: this statement reflects
insight learning
counterconditioning
observational learning
latent learning
106
Which concept is most relevant to Noam Chomsky's theory of how children learn language
language acquisition device
serial position effect
linguistic relativity hypothesis
phonemes and morphemes
107
Which theory explains how experiences from infancy through old age influence personality
Kohlberg's moral development theory
Harlow's contact comfort theory
Erikson's psychosocial stage theory
Piaget's cognitive development theory
108
Someone who gets fustrated when they can't form accurate speech might have brain damage where
Gage's area
hippocampus
Wernicke's area
Broca's area
109
One group receives an ad for 99% fat free milk; the other for 1% fat milk. What being tested
inattentional blindness
framing effects
representativeness heuristic
confirmation bias
110
Which best describes how neurons communicate with one another
hormones jump from one axon to the next
chemical signals at the synaptic cleft
electrical signals between two myelin sheaths
physical contact between dendrites
111
You girlfriend dumps you. "I always knew she was bad news" your friend says. This demonstrates
hindsight bias
self-serving bias
a theory
overconfidence
112
Garcia's research on aversions established when UCS/CS pairs as most powerful
performing a task and receiving food
punishment and aversion
nausea and food or drink
movement and electrical shocks
113
An EEG of Cyrus after he has been asleep for about an hour would show primarily
beta waves
delta waves
sleep spindles
alpha waves
114
According to Freud, what is the dominant factor in determining our personality traits
unconscious conflicts
secondary drives and needs
genetics and nutrition
parenting styles
115
In a class of 25 students, all but 2 score between 82 and 94. The 2 scores of 47 and 55 are
modes
outliers
variances
normally distributed
116
Which is a common criticism of Freud's personality theory
Genetics was not advanced enough to be used as Freud tried
it doesn't apply to people with disorders
his evidence comes from therapy sessions, not empirical data
his research wasn't representative of the population
117
which of the following statistics provides most information about how spread out a data set is
median
mean
range
standard deviation
118
When like-minded groups take more extreme positions than individuals comprising the group
group polarization
groupthink
deindividuation
social facilitation
119
Which best explains the Schachter-Singer two-factor theory
an event causes an emotion and a physiological response
people follow a pattern of alarm, resistance, exhaustion
physiological reaction and cognitive labeling cause emotion
perceived control over life reduces stress and improves mood
120
which would a researcher need to use to determine whether experiment data is significant
descriptive statistics
counterbalancing
inferential statistics
standard deviation
121
Which is an important technique used by humanist psychologists during therapy
secondary central dispositions
unconditional positive regard
defense mechanisms
factor analysis
122
physiological reactions like surprise or shock are controlled by which part of the NS
endocrine system
serotonin system
somatic nervous system
sympathetic nervous system
123
Which of the following is LEAST likely to contribute to prejudice
scapegoating
out-group homogeneity
superordinate goals
stereotyping
124
What kind of personality theorist would be most interested in the results of the MMPI
humanistic
trait
psychoanalytic
biological
125
What was one of the factors that increased conformity in Asch's studies
wearing guard uniforms
presence of dissentor
placebo effect
presence of an authority figure
126
A person who experiences flashbacks after a being attacked by a pit bull is likely to have
panic disorder
post-traumatic stress disorder
bipolar disorder
dissociative identity disorder
127
if the College Board left out questions about neuroscience on the AP exam, the test would lack
split-half reliability
content validity
test-retest reliability
predictive validity
128
Of the following, children will most likely develop this skill first
say a sentence
clap their hands
cut with a knife
write with a pencil
129
Which of the following is found in Jung's model of the collective unconscious
inferiority complexes
archetypes
functional fixedness
repressed memories
130
Ani believes she is capable of succeeding in nursing school. Her mindset is associated with
a strong superego
low self-esteem
high self-efficacy
an extraverted personality
131
damage to the occipital region of the brain would most likely effect which sense
sight
hearing
balance
touch
132
turning up the volume on a radio changes which aspect of sound
frequency of the wave
transduction of the wave
pitch of the tone
amplitude of the wave
133
in the nature vs. nurture debate, nature is most closely associated with
environment
culture
family
temperament
134
authoritarian parents demonstrate
low warmth and high control
low warmth and low control
high warmth and low control
high warmth and high control
135
When Jake is late to basketball practice his coach makes him run laps. Jake is not late again
modeling
negative reinforcement
positive punishment
positive reinforcement
136
what kinds of motivations best encourage positive behaviors to persist over time
primary drives
intrinsic motivation
need for achievement
extrinsic motivation
137
What kind of therapy involves both cognitive and behavioral interventions
rational emotive behavior therapy
counterconditioning
aversion therapy
systematic desensitization
138
What theory of emotion are cognitive psychologists likely to support
James-Lange theory
social facilitation theory
opponent process theory
Schachter two-factor theory
139
What area of psychology focuses on subjective well-being, optimism, self-esteem, and happiness
psychometrics
positive psychology
social psychology
health psychology
140
what is the first step in any example of classical conditioning
pairing an unconditioned stimulus and a conditioned stimulus
following a response with a reinforcement or punishment
rewarding a conditioned response with a conditioned stimulus
reinforcing for a behavior similar to the desired behavior
141
the "c" in the word
cat
is best described as a
grapheme
holobase
morpheme
phoneme
142
In people, rods, unlike cones,
respond more quickly to colors
are unable to detect motion
are located in the center of the retina
have a lower absolute threshold for light
143
If a distribution of scores includes outliers, which measure of central tendency should be used
standard deviation
median
range
mean
144
Which question would be most useful to test Kohlberg's idea of pre & post-conventional morality
what is the best way to respond to a baby crying in her crib
should you tell a small lie to not hurt someone's feelings
If 3 are taken from a group of 12, how many are left
at what age can children reason abstractly
145
a test which places someone into personality categories (e.g.extravert/introvert) is based on
social cognitive theroy
biological theory
psychodynamic theory
trait theory
146
The ability to solve a new computer game based on logical puzzles probably depends on
fluid intelligence
multiple intelligences
crystallized intelligence
aptitude intelligence
147
Which structure is located at the most central and protected part of the brain
sensory cortex
cerebral cortex
medulla
cerebellum