stud
bud
Sign up
Log in
Home
Library
Explore
SAT
More
Duplicate of AP Psych Exam Review Flashcards | StudBud
Explore
/
Duplicate of AP Psych Exam Review
Duplicate of AP Psych Exam Review
163 terms
·
StudBud Administration
·
39 plays
#appsychology
Flashcards
163 cards
F
Practice quiz
P
Host live
L
Questions
163
Answers
1
Which technique would be most helpful in avoiding the problems associated with groupthink
encouraging contrary opinions within the group
responding to deindividuation among group members
increasing group polarization within different groups
identifying approach-avoidance conflicts
2
which structure in the eye is most responsible for color vision
cones
optic nerve
cornea
rods
3
A person who experiences flashbacks after a serious car accident is likely to be diagnosed with
dissociative identity disorder
bipolar disorder
post-traumatic stress disorder
panic disorder
4
which is an example of an implicit memory
remembering how to tie your shoelace
describing the taste of a birthday cake
recalling the name of your JH math teacher
recognizing a celebrity
5
turning up the volume on a radio changes which aspect of sound
transduction of the wave
amplitude of the wave
pitch of the tone
frequency of the wave
6
Maria slams the car door and yells at her kids. Now when they hear a car door slam they cringe
classical conditioning
instrumental learning
operant conditioning
observational learning
7
Which is most directly involved in the electrical aspect of neurotransmission
synaptic cleft
neurotransmiters
myelin
terminal button
8
A personality test which calls Jan an extravert the first time and an introvert the next lacks
aptitude measures
test-retest reliability
standardization
construct validity
9
which would a researcher need to use to determine whether experiment data is significant
counterbalancing
standard deviation
inferential statistics
descriptive statistics
10
After a natural disaster Faye says, "Serves them right for not having better warning systems."
false consensus effect
self-serving bias
just world bias
Barnum effect
11
Julie is more alert in the morning; John in the evening. This is because of differences in
sleep cycles
circadian rhythm
daily activities
personalities
12
psychogenic amnesia is an indication of which kind of psychological disorder
dissociative
personality
schizophrenic
anixety
13
Restarting your printer over and over but failing to notice it is out of paper demonstrates
low experiential intelligence
belief perseverance
divergent thinking
a mental set
14
Bandura's Bobo doll experiment evidenced the importance of __________ in social learning
modeling
latent learning
sublimation
mirror neurons
15
What percent of people score between 70 and 130 on the WISC (M: 100, SD:15)
84
68
95
50
16
A variable ratio of reinforcement is often preferable to a fixed ratio because
fixed ratios allow both classical and operant learning
variable ratio schedules produce the quickest results
fixed ratio schedules are more time intensive
variable ratio schedules are more resistant to extinction
17
Which is most closely associated with creativity
hypothesis testing
functional fixedness
contextual intelligence
divergent thinking
18
which newborn reflex helps infants find and eat food
stepping
rooting
Moro
Babinski
19
when first born, humans' dominant sense is
sight
smell
touch
hearing
20
At what age is the onset of schizophrenia most typical
mid 30s
late 40s
puberty
early 20s
21
A doctor determining whether an accident caused structural damage to the brain would use
MRI
PET
EEG
rTMS
22
When Susie went to prom with Dan, Max channeled his feelings of frustration into artwork
reaction formation
displacement
sublimation
projection
23
An American's prototype of a chair is most likely to include
pens, pencils, and a computer
four legs and a seat
an armchair, chairlift, and wheelchair
a desk and/or table
24
The fact that our ears are located on opposite sides of our head best helps us with
hearing high frequencies
detecting absolute threshold
sound localization
sensory adaptation
25
What area of psychology focuses on subjective well-being, optimism, self-esteem, and happiness
health psychology
psychometrics
social psychology
positive psychology
26
the somatic nervous system is part of the
autonomic nervous system
peripheral nervous system
central nervous system
sympathetic nervous system
27
which type of therapist is most likely to prescribe lithium for a patient with bipolar disorder
cognitive psychotherapist
clinical psychologist
psychiatrist
psychoanalyst
28
Which statement best represents the relationship between performance and arousal
performance is best at low and high levels of arousal
performance continually decreases as arousal increases
too little or too much arousal is harmful to performance
performance steadily increases as arousal increases
29
physiological reactions like surprise or shock are controlled by which part of the NS
endocrine system
somatic nervous system
sympathetic nervous system
serotonin system
30
authoritarian parents demonstrate
high warmth and low control
low warmth and low control
high warmth and high control
low warmth and high control
31
What kind of therapy involves both cognitive and behavioral interventions
systematic desensitization
aversion therapy
rational emotive behavior therapy
counterconditioning
32
You girlfriend dumps you. "I always knew she was bad news" your friend says. This demonstrates
hindsight bias
self-serving bias
overconfidence
a theory
33
What kind of personality theorist would be most interested in the results of the MMPI
trait
biological
humanistic
psychoanalytic
34
en route
to the visual cortex, information from the eyes' retinas crosses at the
feature detectors
optic chiasm
fovea
optic nerve
35
Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation experiment studied what developmental concept
attachment
motor development
parenting style
assimilation
36
Which part of the brain is "newest" in an evolutionary sense
hypothalamus
pons
cerebral cortex
cerebellum
37
An EEG of Cyrus after he has been asleep for about an hour would show primarily
beta waves
sleep spindles
alpha waves
delta waves
38
What research method could study the relationship between owning a hybrid car and being vegan
naturalistic observation
correlation study
case study
experiment
39
If Pavlov's dogs began to salivate when they heard a sound similar to a bell they would show
spontaneous recovery
stimulus discrimination
unconditioned response
stimulus generalization
40
a charity includes free address labels in its fundraising letters to increase contributions
reciprocity norm
out-group homogeneity
self-fulfilling prophecy
fundamental attribution error
41
Dan is a toddler who avoids eye contact and resists to changes to routine. He shows symptoms of
fetal alcohol syndrome
Down syndrome
mental retardation
autism spectrum disorder
42
light enters the eye through an opening in the
retina
fovea
blind spot
iris
43
After studying for weeks and taking an AP exam, Conrad gets the flu. What theory explains this
Yerkes-Dodson law
Selye's general adaptation syndrome
Festinger's cognitive dissonance theory
James-Lange theory of emotion
44
A librarian gives a prize for every five books students read. Her schedule of reinforcement is
fixed variable
continuous
fixed ratio
variable interval
45
which psychologist would agree w/the following: behavior results from reinforcers & punishers
B.F. Skinner
William James
Albert Bandura
Carl Rogers
46
classical conditioning involves __________; operant conditioning involves __________
learned responses; physiological reactions
pairing stimuli; rewards and punishments
schedules; punishers
fixed intervals; variable ratios
47
Which is an important technique used by humanist psychologists during therapy
defense mechanisms
factor analysis
unconditional positive regard
secondary central dispositions
48
if the College Board left out questions about neuroscience on the AP exam, the test would lack
test-retest reliability
content validity
predictive validity
split-half reliability
49
which social psychology principle best explains prejudice
in-group bias
compliance strategies
self-serving bias
individualism
50
Intelligence researchers like Gardner and Sternberg argue that schools focus too much on
meeting the needs of students with disabilities
traditional and analytical subjects and methods
environmental factors that influence intelligence
nonessential subjects like art and music
51
Ani believes she is capable of succeeding in nursing school. Her mindset is associated with
an extraverted personality
low self-esteem
high self-efficacy
a strong superego
52
a test which places someone into personality categories (e.g.extravert/introvert) is based on
social cognitive theroy
psychodynamic theory
trait theory
biological theory
53
A teacher whose class culture encourages intrinsic motivation uses which management style
James-Lange
postconventional
theory Y
approach-avoidance
54
In the 3-box model of information processing, memories are first stored in
sensory memory
procedural memory
long-term memory
short-term memory
55
what is the principle tool used in all forms of psychotherapy
secondary preventions
cognitive-behavioral interventions
talking to a patient
biomedical interventions
56
How would drive reduction theory explain a person eating half a bowl of M&M's and stopping
they were satisfying the 2nd step on the hierarchy of needs
humans are instinctively driven to eat sugar and fat
the person stopped when their body had reached homeostasis
people eat in moderation to prevent being seen as selfish
57
A test that identifies people with the potential to be great lawyers is an example of a(n)
aptitude test
IQ test
achievement test
EQ test
58
When Jake is late to basketball practice his coach makes him run laps. Jake is not late again
positive punishment
modeling
negative reinforcement
positive reinforcement
59
When like-minded groups take more extreme positions than individuals comprising the group
social facilitation
groupthink
deindividuation
group polarization
60
negative reinforcers __________ a stimulus in order to ___________ a behavior
remove : decrease
remove : punish
remove : increase
add : decrease
61
Vance's psychiatrist diagnoses him with bipolar disorder. Which medication would he prescribe
SSRIs
L-Dopa
benzodiazepines
lithium
62
People who are easily hypnotizable are likely to score highly on which Big 5 trait
extraversion
conscientiousness
neuroticism
openness
63
Milgram's obedience study was criticized based on what ethical grounds
risk of psychological harm
lack of debriefing
lack of informed consent
violation of confidentiality
64
What is true about experiments that is not of other research methods
they take place in more realistic, real-life settings
they involve more research participants than other studies
they can gather data from a large number of people quickly
they can determine causal relationships between variables
65
Most people can taste 1g of salt in 1qt of water. Which concept is related to this statement
sensory adaptation
difference threshold
absolute threshold
frequency theory
66
testing the problem-solving skills of 10, 20, and 30-year-olds in a study uses this method
developmental study
cross-sectional study
social-cognitive study
longitudinal study
67
Sherif's Robbers Cave study indicates that this principle best reduces tensions between groups
superordinate goals
deindividuation
group polarization
diffusion of responsibility
68
According to humanist theory, psychological disorders are most likely caused by
unfulfilled needs
neurochemical imbalances
unhealthy attributional styles
learned associations
69
One group receives an ad for 99% fat free milk; the other for 1% fat milk. What being tested
inattentional blindness
framing effects
representativeness heuristic
confirmation bias
70
An artist making a drawing could use which of the following to add depth to the picture
convergence
closure
retinal disparity
linear perspective
71
Runners in a park increase their speed when another runner comes into view. This illustrates
social roles
conformity
disinhibition
social facilitation
72
which of the following most impacts the speed of motor development
early gross motor practice
secure attachment with parents
myelination of brain neurons
concrete operational exercises
73
The ability to solve a new computer game based on logical puzzles probably depends on
fluid intelligence
aptitude intelligence
crystallized intelligence
multiple intelligences
74
learned helplessness is most likely to be directly related to
unconditional positive regard
the Oedipus complex
the self-serving bias
an external locus of control
75
What theory of emotion are cognitive psychologists likely to support
social facilitation theory
Schachter two-factor theory
James-Lange theory
opponent process theory
76
Amy has a cat. The first time she sees a rabbit she calls it a cat. Her mistake is due to
accommodation
discrimination
habituation
assimilation
77
children who suffer brain damage can regain function more quickly than older patients due to
effective psychological environment
hemispheric lateralization
contralateral control
neuroplasticity
78
a musicians ability to discern between 2 similar pitches depends on which concept
signal detection theory
difference threshold
absolute threshold
bottom up processing
79
which of the following terms applies to IQ tests
achievement
projective
triarchic
standardized
80
What factors are ignored when people commit the fundament attribution error
situational
dispositional
social
behavioral
81
In a class of 25 students, all but 2 score between 82 and 94. The 2 scores of 47 and 55 are
normally distributed
outliers
modes
variances
82
Reading a job description written with masculine pronouns, people think of the employee as male
gender schema theory
the social role hypothesis
linguistic relativity hypothesis
principle of continuity
83
people who catch violent movies are more likely to behave violently: this statement reflects
insight learning
observational learning
counterconditioning
latent learning
84
According to Piaget, when we can't ______ new information, we change our schemas through ______
assimilate : accomodate
reduce : stereotypes
reward : punishment
ignore : adaptation
85
Which best summarizes the results of Tolman's latent learning experiment
reinforcement had little impact on the rats' performance
rats that were continually reinforced ran the maze faster
rats that received punishment ran the maze faster
rats who explored the maze first ran faster when reinforced
86
A low level of glucose in Sam's bloodstream would most likely make him want to
go for a run
make new friends
pursue a romantic interest
eat a meal
87
Pat is laughing because she just won the lottery. Sal thinks she is a fun person. Sal's opinion
is influenced by the self-serving bias
is influenced by the just world hypothesis
is influenced by the norm of reciprocity
is influenced by the fundamental attribution error
88
In people, rods, unlike cones,
respond more quickly to colors
have a lower absolute threshold for light
are located in the center of the retina
are unable to detect motion
89
Which of the following models of personality is the least deterministic
evolutionary
psychodynamic
biological
humanistic
90
Erikson's initiative vs. guilt stage is most closely related to Freud's
latency period
anal stage
phallic stage
oral stage
91
what kind of symptom is common among all somatic symptom disorders
experiencing a physical problem without a physical cause
inappropriate or flat affect
disconnection from reality and delusions
substance abuse and dependence
92
Sigmund Freud made this perspective popular in Western Europe at the turn of the 20th century
cognitive
psychoanalytic
evolutionary
behavioral
93
Which question would be most useful to test Kohlberg's idea of pre & post-conventional morality
should you tell a small lie to not hurt someone's feelings
at what age can children reason abstractly
If 3 are taken from a group of 12, how many are left
what is the best way to respond to a baby crying in her crib
94
Of the following, children will most likely develop this skill first
clap their hands
write with a pencil
say a sentence
cut with a knife
95
Abraham Maslow theorized that people are motivated by
desire to achieve in the eyes of others
achieving physiological homeostasis
satisfying needs on a hierarchy
reinforcement of primary and secondary needs
96
10 YO Genna underwent a right hemispherectomy. What action best shows her neuroplasticity
moving her left hand
solving a logic problem
understanding what was said to her
speaking aloud
97
which kinds of personality theorists would make use of a projective test
trait
psychoanalyst
humanist
social-cognitive
98
REM sleep deprivation generally causes what kinds of side effects
heightened manifest dream content
sleep apnea and night terrors
interference with memory tasks
intense, prolonged periods of Stage 3 & 4 sleep
99
which 2 competing theories explain the effects of hypnosis
manifest content and latent content
conscious level and non conscious level
role theory and dissociation theory
circadian rhythm and paradoxical sleep
100
Withdrawal symptoms are most directly caused by this process
dissociation
activation-synthesis
tolerance
antagonists
101
Lara is attracted to Craig but can't stand his friends and family. Her conflict is classified
approach-avoidance
avoidance-avoidance
she does not have a conflict
approach-approach
102
A musician who signs a recording contract stops playing for fun. This is best explained by
social learning theory
the overjustification effect
latent learning
the law of effect
103
What was one of the factors that increased conformity in Asch's studies
placebo effect
wearing guard uniforms
size of the group
presence of an authority figure
104
How would a person with schizophrenia most differ from a person with a dissociative disorder
a person with schizophrenia experiences hallucinations
a person with dissociative disorder has trouble keeping jobs
a person with a dissociative disorder has delusions
a person with schizophrenia has more than one personality
105
A person with a painful skin rash finds hard scratching temporarily relieves the pain
transduction theory
frequency theory
gate-control theory
opponent-process theory
106
which structure is part of the inner ear
basilar membrane
malleus (hammer)
auditory canal
tympanic membrane
107
According to Kohlberg, in order to reason at the postconventional level, people must
resolve the integrity vs. despair conflict
believe in God
be able to take another person's perspective
have been exposed to good, moral role models
108
What number will tell Matt whether his research is statistically significant
a correlation coefficient close to .75
a standard deviation of 4 or more
a mean that is the same as the median
a probability of chance less than 5%
109
James is interested in the processing strategies children use to learn new information. He is a
clinical psychologist
personality psychologist
cognitive psychologist
sociocultural psychologist
110
Which of the following is LEAST likely to contribute to prejudice
superordinate goals
out-group homogeneity
stereotyping
scapegoating
111
According to Freud, what is the dominant factor in determining our personality traits
secondary drives and needs
unconscious conflicts
parenting styles
genetics and nutrition
112
Lana learns how to be goalie as her coach gradually rolls the ball faster at parts the goal
token economy
law of effect
higher-order conditioning
behavior shaping
113
Garcia and Koelling's research on aversions established which UCS/CS pairs as most powerful
punishment and aversion
performing a task and receiving food
nausea and food or drink
movement and electrical shocks
114
seeing someone at the grocery store and remembering their name is an example of
episodic memory
recall
retroactive memory
tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
115
The case study of Phineas Gage was significant because it was one of the the first examples of
using a CAT scan to document the extent of the injury
treating a brain-damaged patient with psychotherapy
treatment with drugs that alter neurotransmission
a specific brain area associated with emotional changes
116
Which best explains the Schachter-Singer two-factor theory
perceived control over life reduces stress and improves mood
people follow a pattern of alarm, resistance, exhaustion
an event causes an emotion and a physiological response
physiological reaction and cognitive labeling cause emotion
117
in the nature vs. nurture debate, nature is most closely associated with
temperament
environment
culture
family
118
4YO Kate sits right in front of all the other kids to watch a magician. According to Piaget,
Kate is demonstrating egocentrism
Kate has a lack of conservation
Kate lacks object permanence
Kate cannot reason hypothetically
119
Someone who fails an exam and reacts by studying longer probably has this locus of control
external
internal
situational
fundamental
120
What is the purpose of the DSM
discuss theories related to the treatment of disorders
describe the biopsychosocial causes of disorders
list the diagnostic criteria and symptoms of disorders
explain the symptoms and cures of disorders
121
Which personality theory is criticized for its overly optimistic view of human nature
humanistic
psychoanalytic
cognitive
trait
122
Choosing 20 people at random from a large lecture class of 400 is an example of
assignment to conditions
random assignment
random sampling
representative assignment
123
Which concept is most relevant to Noam Chomsky's theory of how children learn language
language acquisition device
linguistic relativity hypothesis
phonemes and morphemes
serial position effect
124
A teacher ignoring her students' prior grades so her opinion of them is not influenced avoids
self-fulfilling prophecy
cognitive dissonance
self-serving bias
fundamental attribution error
125
If a distribution of scores includes outliers, which measure of central tendency should be used
range
standard deviation
median
mean
126
A therapist who tells a client to write down their depressed thoughts is using this perspective
structuralist
cognitive
behavioral
pharmacological
127
which disorder would respond best to cognitive behavioral therapy
bipolar disorder
schizophrenia
major depressive disorder
dissociative identity disorder
128
How would a psychometrician interpret an IQ score of 145
slightly above average
well below the average of 200
three standard deviations above the mean of 100
the person has high verbal bot low logical intelligence
129
counterconditioning lies at the heart of which therapeutic approach
systematic desensitization
client-centered therapy
REBT
token economies
130
Which of the therapies below is no longer used to treat patients
prefrontal lobotomy
gestalt therapy
electro-convulsive shock therapy
free association
131
What would Piaget test to see if a child is in pre-operational or concrete operational stage
universal ethical principles
conservation
object permanence
attachment
132
Which best describes how neurons communicate with one another
chemical signals at the synaptic cleft
electrical signals between two myelin sheaths
hormones jump from one axon to the next
physical contact between dendrites
133
Which of the following has been linked to a deficit of dopamine
Parkinson's disease
autism
major depressive disorder
Alzheimer's disease
134
the "c" in the word
cat
is best described as a
grapheme
holobase
phoneme
morpheme
135
patients who are described as "split brain" have had what structure removed
corpus callosum
medulla oblongata
prefrontal cortex
hippocampus
136
After repeated firings, neural connections are strengthened. What is this process
state-dependent memory
semantic encoding
proactive interference
long-term potentiation
137
When running for class president, Edy puts pictures of herself everywhere. Why might this help
deindividuation
central route persuasion
mere-exposure effect
foot-in-the-door phenomenon
138
Bandura's theory of reciprocal determinism states personality results from the interaction of
genetics, the unconscious, and social facilitation
id, ego, and superego
rewards, punishments, and reinforcers
traits, the environment, and behavior
139
Which is one of the key factors distinguishing major depressive disorder from sadness
normal sadness is much less intense than depression
sadness is paired with heightened senses and mania
specific changes in the brain
lasts longer than 2 weeks without an obvious cause
140
what is the first step in any example of classical conditioning
pairing an unconditioned stimulus and a conditioned stimulus
following a response with a reinforcement or punishment
rewarding a conditioned response with a conditioned stimulus
reinforcing for a behavior similar to the desired behavior
141
Knowledge of different categories of trees is an example of what type of long-term memory
episodic memory
eidetic memory
procedural memory
semantic memory
142
which technique controls for both experimenter and subject bias
Hawthorne effect
counterbalancing
double blind study
single blind study
143
Which theory explains how experiences from infancy through old age influence personality
Harlow's contact comfort theory
Piaget's cognitive development theory
Erikson's psychosocial stage theory
Kohlberg's moral development theory
144
which brain structure is involved in hunger motivation
medulla
hypothalamus
cerebellum
amygdala
145
A medication prescribed for major depression would most likely act on which neurotransmitter
serotonin
acetylcholine
dopamine
adrenaline
146
our ability to perceive depth depends on what other perceptual abilities
top-down and bottom-up processing
vestibular and kinesthetic senses
binocular and monocular cues
proximity and similarity
147
Harlow's rhesus monkey experiment illustrated
the danger of separating babies from their natural parents
that language is a uniquely human skill
that primates can make and use tools
the importance of physical contact to development
148
Ryan suffers from constant, low-level arousal of his autonomic NS. He most likely suffers from
major depressive disorder
obsessive-compulsive disorder
generalized anxiety disorder
post-traumatic stress disorder
149
Why are psychoanalysts interested in talking with patients about dreams
neurotransmitter anomalies cause dream disturbances
disturbing dreams are obstacles to self actualization
counter conditioned behaviors are often revealed in dreams
symbols in dreams represent unconscious conflicts
150
Someone who can't move the muscles needed for accurate speech might have brain damage where
Wernicke's area
Gage's area
hippocampus
Broca's area
151
Which theory would assert that a key motivation for people is spreading their genetic material
humanistic
psychodynamic
evolutionary
cognitive
152
which of the following is most likely to lead to a confabulated memory
leading questions
relearning effect
brain injury
proactive interference
153
the limbic system plays an important role in
maintaining balance
regulating emotion
planning for the future
processing sensory information
154
Delusions and hallucinations are most characteristic of
obsessive-compulsive disorder
dissociative identity disorder
schizophrenia
antisocial personality disorder
155
which of the following statistics provides most information about how spread out a data set is
standard deviation
mean
range
median
156
Which structure is located at the most central and protected part of the brain
cerebellum
sensory cortex
medulla
cerebral cortex
157
Which is a common criticism of Freud's personality theory
it doesn't apply to people with disorders
Genetics was not advanced enough to be used as Freud tried
his research wasn't representative of the population
his evidence comes from therapy sessions, not empirical data
158
damage to the occipital region of the brain would most likely affect which sense
hearing
touch
sight
balance
159
Which of the following is found in Jung's model of the collective unconscious
repressed memories
inferiority complexes
archetypes
functional fixedness
160
Research indicates that which factor most influences one's sexual orientation
parenting style
traumatic childhood experiences
hormones released in the womb
masculine/feminine personality traits
161
Elizabeth Loftus' research on wording and misinformation effects on memory best demonstrate
the rate at which people forget information
the role of the hippocampus in memory
the reconstructive nature of memory
the serial position effect
162
an A+ grade in a class is which kind of reinforcer
continuous
secondary
primary
partial
163
what kinds of motivations best encourage positive behaviors to persist over time
extrinsic motivation
need for achievement
primary drives
intrinsic motivation