High-energy electrons that move down the ETC ultimately provide the energy needed to

convert ADP molecules into ATP molecules

Imported plants and animals in Hawaii have

caused native species to die out

Seed bearing plants differ from all other plants in that

gametes do not require water for fertilization to occur

Which of the following descriptions about the organization of an ecosystem is correct?

Species make up populations, which make up communities

The ancestors of land plants likely evolved from

an organism similar to green algae

a hollow ball of cells in an embryo

In vertebrates with a double-loop circulation, the loop that passes through the lungs

exchanges CO2 for O2 from the air

When the exponential phase of a logistic growth curve of a population ceases,

population growth begins to slow down

What is the correct equation for cellular respiration?

6O2 + C6H12O6 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy

No two species can occupy the same niche in the same habitat at the same time

because of the competitive exclusion principle

In which way are plants in a sunny meadow and sulfur bacteria in a deep-sea volcanic vent alike

both produce carbohydrates and oxygen

When farmers select animals or plants to use for breeding, they look for

natural variation that are present in a species

An organism's niche is

where an organism lives and how it survives

Xylem tissue is important because it

can conduct water over long distances

Kidneys that can conserve water are essential to homeostasis because

some animals live in dry or salty environments

One property that makes DDT hazardous over the long run is that DDT is

subject to biological magnification

Sea star larvae resemble some primitive vert larvae. This suggests that primitive vertebrates

share a common ancestor with sea stars

Darwin noticed that many organisms seemed well suited to

surviving in the environments in which they lived

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Questions 145

Answers

1
In most plants, which organs are adpated to capture sunlight for photosynthesis?
flowers
leaves
stems
roots
2
High-energy electrons that move down the ETC ultimately provide the energy needed to
convert ADP molecules into ATP molecules
break down glucose into pyruvic acid molecules
convert CO2 into water molecules
transport water molecules across the membrane
3
The graph shows the growth rate of a bacterial pop. Which describes the growth curve?
demographic
logistic
exponential
limiting
4
Introduced species can threaten biodiversity because they can
reduce the amount of fertile land
cause biological magnification
crowd out native species
cause desertification
5
Imported plants and animals in Hawaii have
caused native species to die out
increased crop yields
increased the native bird species
improved soil fertility
6
Seed bearing plants differ from all other plants in that
gametes do not require water for fertilization to occur
they have a gametophyte generation
they have only xylem and no phloem
they have true roots, stems, and leaves
7
Carbon cycles through the biosphere in all of the following processes EXCEPT
photosynthesis
burning of fossil fuels
decomposition of plants and animals
transpiration
8
Photosynthesis uses sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into
ATP and oxygen
high-energy sugars and proteins
oxygen and carbon
oxygen and high-energy sugars
9
Which of the following descriptions about the organization of an ecosystem is correct?
communities make up species, which make up populations
Species make up populations, which make up communities
populations make up species, which make up communities
species make up communities, which make up populations
10
Which of these processes takes place in the cytoplasm of a cell?
electron transport
glycolysis
photosynthesis
Krebs cycle
11
The ancestors of land plants likely evolved from
mosses that lived in the water
an organism similar to green algae
a protist that lived on land
prokaryotes that carried on photosynthesis
12
The gray-brown haze often found over large cities is called
greenhouse gases
particulates
acid rain
smog
13
In bryophytes, which of the following structures is like a root?
stalk
sporophyte
capsule
rhizoid
14
What might a thin tree ring indicate?
a year of drought
xylem production in winter
decreased production of phloem
increased production of xylem
15
A blastula is
a layer of embryological tissue
a hollow ball of cells in an embryo
the innermost germ layer
a digestive organ
16
In vertebrates with a double-loop circulation, the loop that passes through the lungs
exchanges CO2 for O2 from the air
exchanging O2 for CO2 from the air
delivering O2-rich blood to the body
delivering O2-poor blood to the heart
17
When the exponential phase of a logistic growth curve of a population ceases,
the size of the population stays the same
the size of the population drops
population growth begins to speed up
population growth begins to slow down
18
What is the correct equation for cellular respiration?
6CO2 + 6H2O -> 6O2 + C6H12O6 + Energy
6O2 + C6H12O6 + Energy -> 6CO2 + 6H2O
6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy -> 6O2 + C6H12O6
6O2 + C6H12O6 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy
19
Which of the following organisms does NOT require sunlight to live?
photosynthetic bacteria
algae
trees
chemosynthetic bacteria
20
No two species can occupy the same niche in the same habitat at the same time
because of the competitive exclusion principle
because of the interactions that shape the ecosystem
unless the species require different abiotic factors
unless the species require different biotic factors
21
Label X points to a
stoma
guard cell
vein
mesophyll cell
22
To assign every organism a universally accepted name is part of this system
cladistics
binomial nomenclature
the three domains
traditional classification
23
In an animal that is bilaterally symmetrical, which two halves mirror each other?
the left and right sides
the anterior end and the front side
the anterior and posterior ends
the front and the back sides
24
Flowering plants that grow, flower, produce seeds, and die in one year are called
annuals
dicots
perennials
biennials
25
Which are the two highest level taxa in the Linnaean system?
phylum and kingdom
genus and kingdom
domain and phylum
kindgom and order
26
An example of a human-caused disturbance is
a hurricane
forest-clearing
growing lichens
wildfires
27
Of the following choices, the simplest form of nervous system is a
brain
nerve net
ganglion
nerve cord
28
If a population grows larger than the carrying capacity of the environment, the
death rate may rise
birthrate may rise
deat rate must fall
birthrate must fall
29
In which way are plants in a sunny meadow and sulfur bacteria in a deep-sea volcanic vent alike
both use photosynthesis to make their own food
both produce carbon and hydrogen
both use chemosynthesis to produce their own food
both produce carbohydrates and oxygen
30
Plants gather the sun's energy with light-absorbing molecules called
glucose
chloroplasts
thylakoids
pigments
31
Which will reduce competition within a species' population?
higher birthrate
fewer resources
higher population density
fewer individuals
32
Primary succession would most likely occur after
a lava flow
a severe storm
farm land is abandoned
a forest fire
33
A symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit is
mutualism
parasitism
commensalism
predation
34
When farmers select animals or plants to use for breeding, they look for
homologous structures
natural variation that are present in a species
species that are perfect and unchanging
characteristics acquired during the lifetime of the organism
35
The attraction of water molecules to other kinds of molecules is called
cohesion
adhesion
capillary action
transpirational pull
36
Which two biomes have the least precipitation?
tundra and desert
tropical savanna and tropical dry forest
boreal forest and temperate woodland and shrubland
tropical rain forest and temperate grassland
37
Angiosperms produce seeds inside protective structures called
petals
ovaries
cones
pollen grains
38
The grouping of organisms based on their common descent is called
traditional classification
binomial nomenclature
derived characters
evolutionary classification
39
An organism's niche is
all the physical and biological factors in the environment
where an organism lives and how it survives
full description of the place an organism lives
range of temps that the organism needs to survive
40
If immig and emig remain equal, which is the most important factor to a slowed growth rate
increased birthrate
decreased birthrate
constant death rate
constant birthrate
41
Events like war, starvation, and disease could prevent the growth of human pop was presented by
Thomas Malthus
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
Charles Darwin
Charles Lyell
42
An example of sustainable resource use is the use of predators and parasites to
control pest insects
pollinate plants
harm natural resources
eat unwanted plants
43
When individuals with an average form of a trait have the highest fitness the result is
stabilizing selection
disruptive selection
not predictable
directional selection
44
What are the 3 kinds of ecological pyramids?
producer, consumer, and decomposer
energy, nutrient, and trophic
biotic, abiotic, and nutrient
energy, biomass, and numbers
45
Xylem tissue is important because it
allows water to diffuse from the roots
can conduct water over long distances
carries carbs to all parts of the plant
carries out photosynthesis
46
Kidneys that can conserve water are essential to homeostasis because
some animals live in dry or salty environments
none of the above
some animals drink water
urea is not soluble in water
47
Homeostasis is a
step in embryological development
stable internal environment
response to a stimulus
phyum of invertebrates
48
One property that makes DDT hazardous over the long run is that DDT is
deadly to herbivores
a perfect pesticide
subject to biological magnification
an insecticide
49
Most vertebrates with lungs have which type of circulatory system?
one-pump, single loop system
two-pump, double-loop system
two-pump, single loop system
one-pump, double-loop system
50
Sea star larvae resemble some primitive vert larvae. This suggests that primitive vertebrates
evolved from sea stars
share a common ancestor with sea stars
evolved before sea stars
belong to the same species as sea stars
51
Darwin noticed that many organisms seemed well suited to
being preserved as fossils
surviving in the environments in which they lived
swimming from S. America to the Galapagos Islands
providing humans with food
52
The closing of a plant's stomata will
cause less water to be pulled up from the plant's roots
increase capillary action in the plant's stem
cause wilting
increase transpirational pull
53
How do most primary producers make their own food?
by using chemical energy to make carbs
by breaking down remains to make carbon dioxide
by changing water into carbon dioxide
by using light energy to make carbs
54
Which of the following correctly relates an angiosperm structure and what it develops into?
embryo -> fruit
pollen grain -> seed
ovary -> fruit
ovule -> fruit
55
A trait that arose in an ancestor and is passed along to its descendants is referred to as a
derived character
physical similarity
molecular clock
taxonomic group
56
What shows complex feeding interactions among orgs in a community from producers to decomposers
food web
ecosystem
population
food chain
57
The mouth of a protostome begins as a
coelom
deuterostome
blastopore
blastula
58
James Hutton's and Charles Lyell's work suggests that
all fossils were formed in the last 1000 years
Earth is several million years old
Earth is several thousand years old
all rocks on Earth contain fossils
59
Based on adaptations Darwin observed in finches and tortoises in the Galapagos, he wondered
if all birds on the different islands were finches
why all tortoises on the different islands were identical
if species living on diff islands had been the same species
if finches & tortoises came from the same ancestral species
60
Those who survive are the ones best adapted for their environment. This is due to
choices made by plant and animal breeders
possession of adaptations developed through use
possession of inherited adaptations that maximize fitness
lack of competition within the species
61
Many freshwater invertebrate eliminate ammonia by
simple diffusion across the skin
simple diffusion across the gill membranes
converting it to urea and eliminating it in their urine
converting it to uric acid & eliminating it with solid waste
62
The allele freq of a gene for red fur color changes from 20% to 30%. What can be said?
the population is expanding
the population is evolving
the population is not evolving
the population is decreasing
63
The two main types of fermentation are called
alcoholic and aerobic
alcoholic and lactic acid
lactic acid and anaerobic
aerobic and anaerobic
64
In fishes, pharyngeal pouches may develop into
fins
gills
lungs
tails
65
Energy is released from ATP when
a phosphate group is added
ATP is exposed to sunlight
a phosphate group is removed
adenine bonds to ribose
66
One reason common names are not useful to biologists is that they
are too long
can apply to more than one animal
require the use of a dichotomous key
are in Latin
67
Which of the following is NOT one of the factors that play a role in population growth rate?
emigration
demography
death rate
immigration
68
Which of the following has a direct role in the nitrogen cycle?
all of the above
legumes
bacteria
decomposers
69
An ecological hot spot is an area where
hunting is encouraged
species diversity is too high
many habitats and species are at high risk of extinction
habitats and species show a high amount of biodiversity
70
A closed circulatory system is one in which
blood travels through blood vessels throughout body
blood travels through blood vessels into sinuses
blood travels through blood vessels and air sacs
blood spreads freely throughout the body's tissues
71
One measure of the human impact on the biosphere is called
biodiversity
biological magnification
an ecological footprint
an ecological hotspot
72
External fertilization in chordates
must take place in water
does not occur
can take place in water or on land
must take place on land
73
Which of the following is NOT a product of glycolysis?
NADH
glucose
pyruvic acid
ATP
74
Tthe total amount of living tissue within a given trophic level is called the
trophic mass
organic mass
biomass
energy mass
75
Glycolysis provides a cell with a net gain of
18 ATP molecules
4 ATP molecules
2 ATP molecules
36 ATP molecules
76
Organisms that must obtain nutrients and energy by eating other organisms are
eukaryotic
autotrophic
heterotrophic
multicellular
77
Sustainable development should
preserve ecosystems while providing for human needs
put the protection of the environment ahead of human needs
provide for human needs at the expense of the environment
use more natural resources to make goods to meet human needs
78
The frequency of phenotypes for a typical polygenic trait is most often illustrated as a
bell-shaped curve
scatter plot
histogram
pie chart
79
Which of the kingdoms in the six-kingdom system of classification was once grouped with plants?
Animalia
Protista
Carnivores
Fungi
80
Darwin's concept of natural selection was NOT influenced by
his trip on the H.M.S. Beagle
knowledge about the structure of DNA
his collection of specimens
the work of Charles Lyell
81
Mineral nutrients from the soil move into roots by
osmosis
active transport
diffusion
root pressure
82
Animals have an excretory system that eliminates all wastes except
carbon dioxide
ammonia
oxygen
water
83
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck proposed that organisms
belong to species that never change
have an innate tendency toward complexity and perfection
have an innate tendency to become simpler as time passes
inherit all of the adaptations they display
84
Genetic drift that follows the colonization of a new habitat by a small group of individuals
stabilizing selection
the founder effect
directional selection
the Hardy-Weinberg principle
85
Which of the following includes a plant embryo, a food supply, and a protective covering?
gametophyte
pollen grain
seed
spore
86
What does a cladistic analysis show about organisms?
the general fitness of the organisms analyzed
the importance of each derived character
the relative degrees of relatedness among lineages
all traits of each organism analyzed
87
Which of the following conclusion about body temperature can be drawn from this graph?
Alligator's body temp is slightly lower than the temp in env
Birds appear to have lower body temperatures than mammals
Rabbits better at getting rid of excess body heat than cats
Lizard body temp is the same as the temp of its env
88
Which letters indicate cells in which a large number of chloroplasts would likely be found?
G and E
F and G
B and C
A and D
89
How is weather different from an area's climate?
weather is day-to-day conditions and climate is average cond
weather doesn't change very much, climate changes many times
weather depends on location and climate doesn't
weather involves temp and precip, climate involves only temp
90
What are the products of the light-dependent reactions?
carbon dioxide gas, oxygen gas, and NADPH
oxygen gas and glucose
ATP, carbon dioxide gas, and NADPH
ATP, NADPH, and oxygen gas
91
The outer covering of a plant consists of
meristematic tissue
dermal tissue
vascular tissue
ground tissue
92
What are the three parts of an ATP molecule?
adenine, thylakoid, and a phosphate group
NADH, NADPH, and FADH2
stroma, grana, and chlorophyll
adenine, ribose, and three phosphate groups
93
What does the range of a population tell you that density does not?
the areas inhabited by a population
the number that live in an area
the deaths per unit area
the births per unit area
94
What is the term for each step in the transfer of energy and matter within a food web?
food chain
trophic level
energy path
food pyramid
95
How do binomial, or two-part, names compare with early version of scientific names?
they are in English
they tend to be longer
they are completely descriptive
they tend to be shorter
96
During primary growth, a stem
increases in width
produces wood
produces flowers
increases in length
97
What is a valid conclusion that can be drawn from the graph?
less energy is used when people travel farther by car
people are traveling more by car, but pollution decreased
energy consumption has changed more than total emissions
pollution increases as energy consumption increases
98
The American toad breeds earlier than the Fowler's toad does. What can be inferred?
American toad will cause the extinction of the Fowler's toad
They do not interbreed thoughout the spring season
They do not interbreed because of temporal isolation
They do not interbreed because of geographic isolation
99
The endosymbiotic theory proposes that chloroplasts in eukaryotic cells arose from
endosymbiotic prokaryotes that metabolized oxygen
endosymbiotic eukaryotes that were photosynthetic
endosymbiotic eukaryotes that metabolized oxygen
endosymbiotic prokaryotes that were photosynthetic
100
Which of the following defines the members of a species?
they are geographically isolated from each other
they are temporally isolated from each other
they have identical genes
they mate and produce offspring
101
Which of the following characteristics is associated only with an endoskeleton?
it allows an animal to walk
it grows with the animal
it offers protection from predators
it must be molted in order for the animal to grow
102
The species of finches that Darwin found on different islands varied in this structure.
birds' different shaped beaks
number of eggs in each birds' nest
embryos
length of the birds' necks
103
If a butterfly touches sugar water with its legs and feeds, but doesn't feed on salt water
use ears behind their legs to distinguish sugar and salt H2O
have chemical receptors for taste on their legs
it cannot tell the difference between sugar and salt H2O
can distinguis sugar H2O from salt H2O by sight
104
Four types of animal tissue are
epithelial, nervous, excretory, and muscle
nervous, epithelial, muscle, and connective
muscle, nervous, reproductive, epithelial
connective, muscle, reproductive, nervous
105
Glycolysis requires
ATP
NADP+
sunlight
oxygen
106
Ammonia is a waste product that must be eliminated by the
nervous system
digestive system
excretory system
respiratory system
107
What makes the inside of the thylakoid membrane become (+) charged during light dependent rxns
H+ ions are released as water splits
ATP synthase produces ATP from ADP
ATP synthase allows H+ ions to pass through the membrane
carbon dioxide builds up in the stroma
108
Which of the following features evolved first in land plants?
water-conducting tissue
seeds enclosed in fruit
flowers
seeds
109
Each of the following is a density-dependent limiting factor EXCEPT
competition
disease
crowding
temperature
110
The various growth phases through which most populations go are represented on
a normal curve
a logistic growth curve
an exponential growth curve
a population curve
111
The graph shows the changes in a mosquito population. What caused the changes?
a density-independent limiting factor
a reduction in resources
a density-dependent limiting factor
an increase in predation
112
Scientists rely on which of the following in order to classify animals?
embryological development patterns & adult body plans
embryological development patterns only
adult body plans only
none of the above
113
Intracellular digestion occurs when food is digested
inside specialized cells
outside the body
outside cells in a digestive system
in the spaces between cells
114
One advantage to being an ectotherm is that an ectotherm
can generate its own body heat
can reduce its body heat by sweating
needs less energy to maintain homeostasis
can survive easily in colder climates
115
Demography is the study of
parasitism and disease
human populations
modernized countries
none of the above
116
The Australian flying phalanger resembles the America flying squirrel. This is most likely due
to coevolution
to convergent evolution
to gradualism
to adaptive radiation
117
One of the three main functions of stems is to
store water
carry water and nutrients between roots and leaves
store carbohydrates
carry out photosynthesis
118
Which of the following is NOT a stage of cellular respiration?
fermentation
Krebs cycle
electron transport
glycolysis
119
If CO2 is completely removed from a plants' envt, what would happen to its sugar production?
more sugars will be produced
less sugar will be produced at first, but plant will recover
no sugars will be produced
the same number of sugars will be produced but without CO2
120
The conversion of pyruvic acid into lactic acid requires
NADH
ATP
alcohol
oxygen
121
According to the HW principle, genetic equilibrium would be more likely in a pop of mice if
mutation rates within the population rise
there is frequent movement into and out of the population
the population size rapdily decreases
no natural selection takes place
122
What is species diversity?
something that is evaluated only in ecosystems
measures the number of individuals of a species
measures the number of species in the biosphere
not important
123
One advantage of asexual reproduction is that animals can
adapt to environmental change rapidly
increase their numbers rapidly
increase their genetic diversity rapidlly
produce offspring that are genetically identical to parent
124
Which would be least likely to be affected by a density-dependent limiting factors?
a small, scattered population
a population with a high immigration rate
a population with a high birthrate
a large, dense population
125
Which of the following aquatic animals must use lungs to breathe?
clams
clownfish
sea anemones
dolphin
126
The notochord is responsible for which function in an embryo?
processing nerve signal
structural support
processing wastes
respiration
127
Biogeochemical cycling ensures that
many nutrients will not reach toxic concentrations
nutrients will be circulated throughout the biosphere
living organisms will not become limited in any one nutrient
human activity will have no effect on elements
128
The situation in which allele freq in the gene pool of a population remain constant is called
natural selection
genetic drift
genetic equilibrium
evolution
129
One difference between monotremes and other types of mammals is that
monotremes secrete milk from pores on the surface of the abs
monotremes are viviparous
monotremes do not secrete milk
monotremes secrete milk through well-developed nipples
130
Earth has three main climate zones because of the difference in latitude and, thus,
prevailing winds
distribution of sunlight
ocean currents
amount of preciption received
131
Natural selection acts directly on
genes
mutations
phenotypes
alleles
132
A genus is composed of a number of similar
species
kingdoms
phyla
orders
133
Something that controls the growth or size of a population is a
carrying capacity
limiting nutrient
growth factor
limiting factor
134
Which is a factor that could interrupt the progress of succession?
long-term fluctuations in climate
another natural disturbance
different animals appearing at each stage
colonization of surfaces by lichens
135
The genes carried by all members of a particular population make up the population's
gene pool
allele frequency
genotype
phenotype
136
Fewer than 5% of all animal species have
a protostome development pattern
cell membranes
vertebral columns
eukaryotic cells
137
Gases diffuse most efficiently across a
thick, moist, impermeable membrane
thin, moist, selectively permeable membrane
thin, moist, impermeable membrane
thick, moist, selectively permeable membrane
138
How are cellular respiration and photosynthesis opposite processes?
photo removes O2 from atmosphere, cellular resp puts it back
photo removes CO2 from atmosphere cellular resp puts it back
photo consumes glucose, cellular resp produces glucose
photosynthesis releases energy, cellular resp stores energy
139
Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in cellular respiration?
glycolysis -> fermentation -> Krebs cycle
Krebs cycle -> electron transport -> glycolysis
Krebs cycle -> glycolysis -> electron transport
glycolysis -> Krebs cycle -> electron transport
140
Where in the chloroplast is chlorophyll found?
in the thylakoid membrane
in the thylakoid space
in the ATP
in the stroma
141
What is the role of NADP+ in photosynthesis?
high-energy sugar
pigment
electron carrier
photosystem
142
Three sources of genetic variation are
sexual repro, lateral gene transfer, & mutations
single-gene traits, polygenic tratis, & adaptation
genotypes, phenotypes, and polygenic traits
directional, disruptive, & stabilizing selection
143
Many cacti have large stems and no leaves. What function of leaves is taken on by the stems?
they store excess water
they produce food by photosynthesis
they transport materials throughout the plant
they absorb water and nutrients from the soil
144
A tendon is a tough piece of connective tissue that
contracts to move bones on either side of a joint
connects muscles to bones
connects two bones together at a joint
covers the ends of bones to reduce friction
145
The three-domain system recognizes fundamental differences between two grups of
eukaryotes
prokaryotes
protists
multicellular organisms

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