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Duplicate of AP Psych Exam Review
Duplicate of AP Psych Exam Review
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1
Which best describes how neurons communicate with one another
chemical signals at the synaptic cleft
physical contact between dendrites
electrical signals between two myelin sheaths
hormones jump from one axon to the next
2
One group receives an ad for 99% fat free milk; the other for 1% fat milk. What being tested
inattentional blindness
framing effects
representativeness heuristic
confirmation bias
3
the limbic system plays an important role in
planning for the future
maintaining balance
processing sensory information
regulating emotion
4
REM sleep deprivation generally causes what kinds of side effects
intense, prolonged periods of Stage 3 & 4 sleep
heightened manifest dream content
interference with memory tasks
sleep apnea and night terrors
5
which kinds of personality theorists would make use of a projective test
social-cognitive
trait
humanist
psychoanalyst
6
which of the following most impacts the speed of motor development
early gross motor practice
secure attachment with parents
myelination of brain neurons
concrete operational exercises
7
which type of therapist is most likely to prescribe lithium for a patient with bipolar disorder
psychoanalyst
cognitive psychotherapist
psychiatrist
clinical psychologist
8
an A+ grade in a class is which kind of reinforcer
primary
continuous
secondary
partial
9
children who suffer brain damage can regain function more quickly than older patients due to
hemispheric lateralization
contralateral control
effective psychological environment
neuroplasticity
10
What area of psychology focuses on subjective well-being, optimism, self-esteem, and happiness
positive psychology
social psychology
psychometrics
health psychology
11
Julie is more alert in the morning; John in the evening. This is because of differences in
sleep cycles
daily activities
personalities
circadian rhythm
12
Garcia and Koelling's research on aversions established which UCS/CS pairs as most powerful
movement and electrical shocks
performing a task and receiving food
nausea and food or drink
punishment and aversion
13
A person who experiences flashbacks after a serious car accident is likely to be diagnosed with
bipolar disorder
post-traumatic stress disorder
dissociative identity disorder
panic disorder
14
Which is most directly involved in the electrical aspect of neurotransmission
myelin
terminal button
neurotransmiters
synaptic cleft
15
Delusions and hallucinations are most characteristic of
antisocial personality disorder
obsessive-compulsive disorder
dissociative identity disorder
schizophrenia
16
Which is a common criticism of Freud's personality theory
it doesn't apply to people with disorders
his research wasn't representative of the population
Genetics was not advanced enough to be used as Freud tried
his evidence comes from therapy sessions, not empirical data
17
Restarting your printer over and over but failing to notice it is out of paper demonstrates
divergent thinking
a mental set
belief perseverance
low experiential intelligence
18
which of the following terms applies to IQ tests
projective
standardized
achievement
triarchic
19
which newborn reflex helps infants find and eat food
Moro
stepping
Babinski
rooting
20
When Jake is late to basketball practice his coach makes him run laps. Jake is not late again
modeling
positive punishment
positive reinforcement
negative reinforcement
21
Pat is laughing because she just won the lottery. Sal thinks she is a fun person. Sal's opinion
is influenced by the just world hypothesis
is influenced by the fundamental attribution error
is influenced by the norm of reciprocity
is influenced by the self-serving bias
22
The case study of Phineas Gage was significant because it was one of the the first examples of
treating a brain-damaged patient with psychotherapy
a specific brain area associated with emotional changes
using a CAT scan to document the extent of the injury
treatment with drugs that alter neurotransmission
23
classical conditioning involves __________; operant conditioning involves __________
learned responses; physiological reactions
pairing stimuli; rewards and punishments
schedules; punishers
fixed intervals; variable ratios
24
Knowledge of different categories of trees is an example of what type of long-term memory
semantic memory
eidetic memory
episodic memory
procedural memory
25
In people, rods, unlike cones,
have a lower absolute threshold for light
respond more quickly to colors
are located in the center of the retina
are unable to detect motion
26
A person with a painful skin rash finds hard scratching temporarily relieves the pain
gate-control theory
transduction theory
opponent-process theory
frequency theory
27
Which of the following models of personality is the least deterministic
humanistic
biological
psychodynamic
evolutionary
28
Which theory would assert that a key motivation for people is spreading their genetic material
evolutionary
psychodynamic
cognitive
humanistic
29
A musician who signs a recording contract stops playing for fun. This is best explained by
social learning theory
the overjustification effect
latent learning
the law of effect
30
what kind of symptom is common among all somatic (somatoform) symptom disorders
disconnection from reality and delusions
experiencing a physical problem without a physical cause
inappropriate or flat affect
substance abuse and dependence
31
which of the following statistics provides most information about how spread out a data set is
mean
median
range
standard deviation
32
What was one of the factors that increased conformity in Asch's studies
placebo effect
presence of an authority figure
size of the group
wearing guard uniforms
33
Which of the following is LEAST likely to contribute to prejudice
scapegoating
superordinate goals
stereotyping
out-group homogeneity
34
Dan is a toddler who avoids eye contact and resists to changes to routine. He shows symptoms of
fetal alcohol syndrome
mental retardation
Down syndrome
autism spectrum disorder
35
Elizabeth Loftus' research on wording and misinformation effects on memory best demonstrate
the role of the hippocampus in memory
the reconstructive nature of memory
the rate at which people forget information
the serial position effect
36
An EEG of Cyrus after he has been asleep for about an hour would show primarily
delta waves
alpha waves
sleep spindles
beta waves
37
Abraham Maslow theorized that people are motivated by
reinforcement of primary and secondary needs
satisfying needs on a hierarchy
desire to achieve in the eyes of others
achieving physiological homeostasis
38
According to Piaget, when we can't ______ new information, we change our schemas through ______
assimilate : accomodate
reduce : stereotypes
reward : punishment
ignore : adaptation
39
testing the problem-solving skills of 10, 20, and 30-year-olds in a study uses this method
cross-sectional study
developmental study
longitudinal study
social-cognitive study
40
a charity includes free address labels in its fundraising letters to increase contributions
self-fulfilling prophecy
out-group homogeneity
reciprocity norm
fundamental attribution error
41
learned helplessness is most likely to be directly related to
unconditional positive regard
the self-serving bias
an external locus of control
the Oedipus complex
42
According to humanist theory, psychological disorders are most likely caused by
learned associations
unhealthy attributional styles
neurochemical imbalances
unfulfilled needs
43
According to Kohlberg, in order to reason at the postconventional level, people must
resolve the integrity vs. despair conflict
believe in God
have been exposed to good, moral role models
be able to take another person's perspective
44
turning up the volume on a radio changes which aspect of sound
frequency of the wave
amplitude of the wave
transduction of the wave
pitch of the tone
45
After studying for weeks and taking an AP exam, Conrad gets the flu. What theory explains this
Selye's general adaptation syndrome
Yerkes-Dodson law
James-Lange theory of emotion
Festinger's cognitive dissonance theory
46
How would drive reduction theory explain a person eating half a bowl of M&M's and stopping
humans are instinctively driven to eat sugar and fat
the person stopped when their body had reached homeostasis
people eat in moderation to prevent being seen as selfish
they were satisfying the 2nd step on the hierarchy of needs
47
Lana learns how to be goalie as her coach gradually rolls the ball faster at parts the goal
higher-order conditioning
token economy
law of effect
behavior shaping
48
Which is one of the key factors distinguishing major depressive disorder from sadness
specific changes in the brain
lasts longer than 2 weeks without an obvious cause
sadness is paired with heightened senses and mania
normal sadness is much less intense than depression
49
What theory of emotion are cognitive psychologists likely to support
opponent process theory
James-Lange theory
social facilitation theory
Schachter two-factor theory
50
Which best explains the Schachter-Singer two-factor theory
perceived control over life reduces stress and improves mood
people follow a pattern of alarm, resistance, exhaustion
physiological reaction and cognitive labeling cause emotion
an event causes an emotion and a physiological response
51
According to Freud, what is the dominant factor in determining our personality traits
genetics and nutrition
secondary drives and needs
unconscious conflicts
parenting styles
52
Vance's psychiatrist diagnoses him with bipolar disorder. Which medication would he prescribe
L-Dopa
lithium
benzodiazepines
SSRIs
53
How would a person with schizophrenia most differ from a person with a dissociative disorder
a person with schizophrenia experiences hallucinations
a person with a dissociative disorder has delusions
a person with dissociative disorder has trouble keeping jobs
a person with schizophrenia has more than one personality
54
At what age is the onset of schizophrenia most typical
puberty
mid 30s
early 20s
late 40s
55
Choosing 20 people at random from a large lecture class of 400 is an example of
representative assignment
assignment to conditions
random sampling
random assignment
56
A medication prescribed for major depression would most likely act on which neurotransmitter
serotonin
dopamine
acetylcholine
adrenaline
57
What factors are ignored when people commit the fundament attribution error
situational
behavioral
dispositional
social
58
What is the purpose of the DSM
describe the biopsychosocial causes of disorders
explain the symptoms and cures of disorders
discuss theories related to the treatment of disorders
list the diagnostic criteria and symptoms of disorders
59
Sherif's Robbers Cave study indicates that this principle best reduces tensions between groups
superordinate goals
deindividuation
group polarization
diffusion of responsibility
60
What would Piaget test to see if a child is in pre-operational or concrete operational stage
conservation
attachment
universal ethical principles
object permanence
61
Which structure is located at the most central and protected part of the brain
medulla
cerebral cortex
cerebellum
sensory cortex
62
in the nature vs. nurture debate, nature is most closely associated with
temperament
family
environment
culture
63
which psychologist would agree w/the following: behavior results from reinforcers & punishers
B.F. Skinner
William James
Carl Rogers
Albert Bandura
64
A low level of glucose in Sam's bloodstream would most likely make him want to
make new friends
pursue a romantic interest
go for a run
eat a meal
65
After a natural disaster Faye says, "Serves them right for not having better warning systems."
false consensus effect
just world bias
self-serving bias
Barnum effect
66
When running for class president, Edy puts pictures of herself everywhere. Why might this help
deindividuation
mere-exposure effect
central route persuasion
foot-in-the-door phenomenon
67
a musicians ability to discern between 2 similar pitches depends on which concept
bottom up processing
difference threshold
signal detection theory
absolute threshold
68
a test which places someone into personality categories (e.g.extravert/introvert) is based on
trait theory
psychodynamic theory
social cognitive theroy
biological theory
69
The fact that our ears are located on opposite sides of our head best helps us with
hearing high frequencies
sound localization
sensory adaptation
detecting absolute threshold
70
Which part of the brain is "newest" in an evolutionary sense
hypothalamus
cerebellum
cerebral cortex
pons
71
Which concept is most relevant to Noam Chomsky's theory of how children learn language
phonemes and morphemes
serial position effect
linguistic relativity hypothesis
language acquisition device
72
counterconditioning lies at the heart of which therapeutic approach
REBT
systematic desensitization
client-centered therapy
token economies
73
patients who are described as "split brain" have had what structure removed
prefrontal cortex
corpus callosum
medulla oblongata
hippocampus
74
Withdrawal symptoms are most directly caused by this process
antagonists
tolerance
activation-synthesis
dissociation
75
When like-minded groups take more extreme positions than individuals comprising the group
social facilitation
groupthink
group polarization
deindividuation
76
A variable ratio of reinforcement is often preferable to a fixed ratio because
variable ratio schedules are more resistant to extinction
variable ratio schedules produce the quickest results
fixed ratio schedules are more time intensive
fixed ratios allow both classical and operant learning
77
damage to the occipital region of the brain would most likely affect which sense
balance
hearing
sight
touch
78
Someone who can't move the muscles needed for accurate speech might have brain damage where
Gage's area
Wernicke's area
hippocampus
Broca's area
79
In a class of 25 students, all but 2 score between 82 and 94. The 2 scores of 47 and 55 are
outliers
modes
normally distributed
variances
80
which structure is part of the inner ear
auditory canal
tympanic membrane
basilar membrane
malleus (hammer)
81
negative reinforcers __________ a stimulus in order to ___________ a behavior
remove : punish
remove : increase
add : decrease
remove : decrease
82
Of the following, children will most likely develop this skill first
cut with a knife
say a sentence
clap their hands
write with a pencil
83
You girlfriend dumps you. "I always knew she was bad news" your friend says. This demonstrates
hindsight bias
a theory
overconfidence
self-serving bias
84
which structure in the eye is most responsible for color vision
cornea
optic nerve
rods
cones
85
Which best summarizes the results of Tolman's latent learning experiment
reinforcement had little impact on the rats' performance
rats that received punishment ran the maze faster
rats that were continually reinforced ran the maze faster
rats who explored the maze first ran faster when reinforced
86
people who catch violent movies are more likely to behave violently: this statement reflects
observational learning
latent learning
counterconditioning
insight learning
87
Which of the following has been linked to a deficit of dopamine
Parkinson's disease
major depressive disorder
Alzheimer's disease
autism
88
Which of the therapies below is not common today?
electro-convulsive shock therapy
prefrontal lobotomy
free association
gestalt therapy
89
what is the first step in any example of classical conditioning
reinforcing for a behavior similar to the desired behavior
pairing an unconditioned stimulus and a conditioned stimulus
following a response with a reinforcement or punishment
rewarding a conditioned response with a conditioned stimulus
90
A librarian gives a prize for every five books students read. Her schedule of reinforcement is
fixed ratio
variable interval
fixed variable
continuous
91
Which is an important technique used by humanist psychologists during therapy
factor analysis
defense mechanisms
secondary central dispositions
unconditional positive regard
92
What kind of therapy involves both cognitive and behavioral interventions
rational emotive behavior therapy
systematic desensitization
aversion therapy
counterconditioning
93
Why are psychoanalysts interested in talking with patients about dreams
symbols in dreams represent unconscious conflicts
counter conditioned behaviors are often revealed in dreams
neurotransmitter anomalies cause dream disturbances
disturbing dreams are obstacles to self actualization
94
Runners in a park increase their speed when another runner comes into view. This illustrates
conformity
social roles
social facilitation
disinhibition
95
Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation experiment studied what developmental concept
motor development
attachment
assimilation
parenting style
96
Which statement best represents the relationship between performance and arousal
performance steadily increases as arousal increases
performance continually decreases as arousal increases
too little or too much arousal is harmful to performance
performance is best at low and high levels of arousal
97
Bandura's theory of reciprocal determinism states personality results from the interaction of
rewards, punishments, and reinforcers
traits, the environment, and behavior
id, ego, and superego
genetics, the unconscious, and social facilitation
98
which disorder would respond best to cognitive behavioral therapy
bipolar disorder
dissociative identity disorder
schizophrenia
major depressive disorder
99
James is interested in the processing strategies children use to learn new information. He is a
personality psychologist
sociocultural psychologist
cognitive psychologist
clinical psychologist
100
Lara is attracted to Craig but can't stand his friends and family. Her conflict is classified
approach-avoidance
avoidance-avoidance
she does not have a conflict
approach-approach
101
Someone who fails an exam and reacts by studying longer probably has this locus of control
external
internal
fundamental
situational
102
An American's prototype of a chair is most likely to include
pens, pencils, and a computer
a desk and/or table
four legs and a seat
an armchair, chairlift, and wheelchair
103
physiological reactions like surprise or shock are controlled by which part of the NS
endocrine system
sympathetic nervous system
somatic nervous system
serotonin system
104
What research method could study the relationship between owning a hybrid car and being vegan
correlation study
case study
experiment
naturalistic observation
105
Harlow's rhesus monkey experiment illustrated
that primates can make and use tools
the importance of physical contact to development
that language is a uniquely human skill
the danger of separating babies from their natural parents
106
A test that identifies people with the potential to be great lawyers is an example of a(n)
aptitude test
IQ test
achievement test
EQ test
107
When Susie went to prom with Dan, Max channeled his feelings of frustration into artwork
displacement
sublimation
projection
reaction formation
108
Ani believes she is capable of succeeding in nursing school. Her mindset is associated with
an extraverted personality
high self-efficacy
a strong superego
low self-esteem
109
Bandura's Bobo doll experiment evidenced the importance of __________ in social learning
mirror neurons
modeling
sublimation
latent learning
110
what is the principle tool used in all forms of psychotherapy
secondary preventions
biomedical interventions
cognitive-behavioral interventions
talking to a patient
111
The ability to solve a new computer game based on logical puzzles probably depends on
aptitude intelligence
multiple intelligences
crystallized intelligence
fluid intelligence
112
which technique controls for both experimenter and subject bias
double blind study
counterbalancing
single blind study
Hawthorne effect
113
Which personality theory is criticized for its overly optimistic view of human nature
psychoanalytic
humanistic
cognitive
trait
114
What is true about experiments that is not of other research methods
they involve more research participants than other studies
they can determine causal relationships between variables
they take place in more realistic, real-life settings
they can gather data from a large number of people quickly
115
our ability to perceive depth depends on what other perceptual abilities
binocular and monocular cues
vestibular and kinesthetic senses
proximity and similarity
top-down and bottom-up processing
116
Milgram's obedience study was criticized based on what ethical grounds
lack of debriefing
risk of psychological harm
lack of informed consent
violation of confidentiality
117
Which question would be most useful to test Kohlberg's idea of pre & post-conventional morality
what is the best way to respond to a baby crying in her crib
If 3 are taken from a group of 12, how many are left
should you tell a small lie to not hurt someone's feelings
at what age can children reason abstractly
118
if the College Board left out questions about neuroscience on the AP exam, the test would lack
split-half reliability
test-retest reliability
predictive validity
content validity
119
the somatic nervous system is part of the
autonomic nervous system
sympathetic nervous system
central nervous system
peripheral nervous system
120
After repeated firings, neural connections are strengthened. What is this process
state-dependent memory
long-term potentiation
proactive interference
semantic encoding
121
If a distribution of scores includes outliers, which measure of central tendency should be used
range
standard deviation
median
mean
122
Which technique would be most helpful in avoiding the problems associated with groupthink
encouraging contrary opinions within the group
identifying approach-avoidance conflicts
increasing group polarization within different groups
responding to deindividuation among group members
123
which brain structure is involved in hunger motivation
hypothalamus
amygdala
medulla
cerebellum
124
Erikson's initiative vs. guilt stage is most closely related to Freud's
phallic stage
oral stage
latency period
anal stage
125
light enters the eye through an opening in the
iris
retina
blind spot
fovea
126
Sigmund Freud made this perspective popular in Western Europe at the turn of the 20th century
psychoanalytic
evolutionary
behavioral
cognitive
127
10 YO Genna underwent a right hemispherectomy. What action best shows her neuroplasticity
speaking aloud
solving a logic problem
moving her left hand
understanding what was said to her
128
what kinds of motivations best encourage positive behaviors to persist over time
extrinsic motivation
primary drives
intrinsic motivation
need for achievement
129
Amy has a cat. The first time she sees a rabbit she calls it a cat. Her mistake is due to
assimilation
accommodation
discrimination
habituation
130
People who are easily hypnotizable are likely to score highly on which Big 5 trait
neuroticism
openness
extraversion
conscientiousness
131
Maria slams the car door and yells at her kids. Now when they hear a car door slam they cringe
instrumental learning
operant conditioning
classical conditioning
observational learning
132
A doctor determining whether an accident caused structural damage to the brain would use
rTMS
EEG
MRI
PET
133
A teacher ignoring her students' prior grades so her opinion of them is not influenced avoids
self-serving bias
cognitive dissonance
fundamental attribution error
self-fulfilling prophecy
134
If Pavlov's dogs began to salivate when they heard a sound similar to a bell they would show
stimulus discrimination
stimulus generalization
spontaneous recovery
unconditioned response
135
Which theory explains how experiences from infancy through old age influence personality
Harlow's contact comfort theory
Erikson's psychosocial stage theory
Piaget's cognitive development theory
Kohlberg's moral development theory
136
authoritarian parents demonstrate
low warmth and high control
high warmth and low control
low warmth and low control
high warmth and high control
137
Most people can taste 1g of salt in 1qt of water. Which concept is related to this statement
sensory adaptation
frequency theory
difference threshold
absolute threshold
138
seeing someone at the grocery store and remembering their name is an example of
episodic memory
tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
retroactive memory
recall
139
4YO Kate sits right in front of all the other kids to watch a magician. According to Piaget,
Kate cannot reason hypothetically
Kate lacks object permanence
Kate is demonstrating egocentrism
Kate has a lack of conservation
140
Which of the following is found in Jung's model of the collective unconscious
repressed memories
archetypes
functional fixedness
inferiority complexes