The Reformation + The Renaissance + Meso-America & Andean Civilizations

A group of countries or other entities who agree to work together, often to fight common enemies

being subject to death

A person or company involved in trade, especially one dealing with foreign countries or supplying in a specialized trade

A judgment by the Church stating that a marriage was invalidly contracted

the rites of baptism, confirmation, the Eucharist, penance, anointing of the sick, ordination, and matrimony

“Middle America” the regions extending from modern-day Mexico through Central America

English Protestant follower of the Church of England

The practice, among those with power or influence, of favoring relatives or friends, especially by giving them jobs

a group that has separated from an established church but holds similar beliefs

The everyday speech of the common people

a set of beliefs held and taught by the Church

A gift of money or goods presented to a man or woman upon marriage

The time it takes Earth to travel once around the sun

the language or dialect spoken by ordinary people

A city in the Tuscany region of northern Italy that was the center of the Italian Renaissance

The headquarters of the Catholic Church

An Italian city-state located on the Adriatic Sea. It's a major trade route between Asia and Europe

A farming technique in which vegetation is cut away and burned to clear land for growing crops

The cultural rebirth that occurred in Europe from 14th century to the 17th

A soldier who is paid to fight for another country or group

The appearance of distance or depth on a flat surface, as in a painting

In Italian city-states, a government run by a lord that replaced republican institutions either by force or by agreement

A Mayan ball game that had religious significance

A person who supports the arts or other activities by supplying money for them

French Protestant follower of Calvinism

A bridge whose roadway is held up by cables that are anchored on each end of the bridge

the belief that everything that will happen has already been decided by God and fate cannot be changed

A philosophy that tries to value the potential of all people and tries to balance religion and power of the human mind

Buying or selling of something spiritual

A term used to describe a multi-talented person with varied interests and abilities, who tried to excel in all of them

A form of government in which people elect representatives to rule in their name

A seat or chair on which a person is carried, a kind of carriage for a high ranking official

A set of actions that is always performed the same way as part of a religious ceremony

The gift of an animal slaughter as a way to honor the gods

a member of any Christian church that is separate from the Catholic Church & follows the principles of the Reformation

One of the richest city-states; controlled trade through the Alps

A neighborhood that is a political unit within a city

the ritual of public penance of condemned heretics

The study of the nature of God and religious belief

Areas of study that focus on human life and culture, such as history, literature, and ethics

a movement that attempted reform of the Catholic Church but resulted in the founding of churches separate from it

An outbreak of a deadly disease that caused the death of nearly one-third of Europe’s population

Art influenced by the styles and techniques of ancient Greece & Rome

A state that has its own government and consists of a city and the area around it

More than human but not fully a god

Shared by a community group

Dishonest conduct by those in power, typically by bribery

Relating to earthly life rather than to religion or spiritual matters

belief or opinion contrary to religious teachings

a court established by the Catholic Church to try cases of heresy and other offenses against the church

A representative body having supreme legislative (legal) powers within a state or country

the sacred writings of Christianity contained in the Bible

A machine with a moveable type used for printing

A regional variety of a language

A public square or other open area in a city where people can gather

granting forgiveness of sin and assurance of no punishment in the afterlife by church officials

Writing that uses pictures as symbols