World Civ I Final Exam Review

Created by King Henry VIII so that he could get a divorce and marry Anne Boleyn

Mesoamerican culture centered in the Yucatan peninsula; Most intricate writing system in the Western Hemisphere

Series of hostilities between France & England from 1337-1453 over the territory of Aquitaine & the French throne

A royal estate or sacred religious site for Inca leaders set high in the Andes mountains

In 1542 this was re-established to combat Protestantism; Power to arrest, imprison, execute to root out heresy

Financial support of writers & artists by cities, groups & individuals; often to produce specific works

Catholic Church vs. political rulers; Conflict in Medieval Europe over bishops becoming vassals of kings

Florentine politician in era of Renaissance

Peasant girl who revived French fortunes during the Hundred Years’ War; Burned at the stake

Famous city of Native American burial mounds located in modern-day Illinois

Chinese dynasty under Mongol rule; Imposed a social hierarchy

Revival of a Chinese system of philosophical & ethical thinking; Goal to attain “wisdom of the sages”

Florentine patron of the Renaissance

Chinese dynasty known for the scholar-official class, the examination system, compass, moveable type & foot binding

Allowed the Spanish “owner” of a town to collect tribute in exchange for protection

Uprising in England in 1381 over high tax obligations; Assaulted tax collectors, sacked castles & murdered nobles

Author of 95 Theses; Father of Protestant Reformation

Class of Chinese educated elite; Gained office by passing the highly competitive civil service examination

Land in the "New World" held by the Spanish

Turkish noble who used Mongol tactics to move east into western Asia, used terror to subdue

Peasants who lost their freedom and became permanently bound to the landed estate of a lord

Japan period named after capital city; emperors did not have as much power as military leaders

Documents issued by the pope that substituted for earthly penance or time in purgatory

Translates to “the way of the warrior”; Code of conduct by which samurai were expected to live in Medieval Japan

French word meaning “rebirth,” used to describe a cultural movement that began in 14th century Italy

Medieval European political system that defines the military obligations & relations between a lord & his vassals

Passed by the English Parliament in the 16th century; Established English monarch as head of the Church of England

The earliest advanced Mesoamerican civilization

Japanese general-in-chief; Minamoto Yoritomo was first one, began feudal era

Last of the wars of religion in France in the late 16th century

Queen of Spain who sponsored the voyages of Christopher Columbus in 1492

The Duke of Normandy; Defeated the English forces at the Battle of Hastings in 1066

Transatlantic trade of goods, people, and diseases during the Age of Exploration

Buying or selling of ecclesiastical offices, indulgences, or other spiritual things

Calvin’s teaching that God decided at the beginning of time who would be saved & who damned

14th-century term used to describe the long Christian crusade to wrest Spain back from the Muslims

Renaissance musician, painter, sculptor, architect, engineer, poet, mapmaker, urban planner, biologist, etc.

Nomadic people who took control of large areas of China and Central Asia in the 12th & 13th centuries

Belief that human freedom & rational inquiry are compatible with Christianity; Way to reform the church

Capital of Aztec Empire, built starting in 1325; Spanish admired it when they entered in 1519

1598 law that granted a large measure of religious liberty to Protestants in France (the Huguenots)

Holy wars sponsored by the papacy to take the holy city of Jerusalem from the Muslims

Elite Japanese warriors; Practiced the code of conduct of bushido

A royal estate or sacred religious site for Inca leaders set high in the Andes mountains

Protestant belief that every individual has direct access to God; Each person can serve God in his or her own way

Italian program of study that emphasized the critical study of literature; Goal of understanding human nature

A form of ritual suicide that originated with Japan’s ancient samurai warrior class

States ruled by Mongol regional leaders—the 4 units into which the original Mongol ruler divided his vast empire

A religious reform movement that began in the early 16th century & split the Western Christian Church

Developed the printing press with moveable metal type in Germany; Numerous social impacts

Title given to the Mongol ruler Temujin in 1206; United nomadic tribes to create the Mongol Empire

Alliance between the Mexica people & conquered allies, capital in Tenochtitlan; Rose to power in the 15th century

Plague that first struck Europe in 1347, killing perhaps one-third of the population

Vast & sophisticated Peruvian empire that peaked in the 15th century; Weakened by civil war when Spanish arrived

A great lord in feudal Japan who was a vassal of the shogun

Head of the Church of England; Dissolved monasteries in the 1530s

“Great Charter”; English document that protected traditional rights & personal liberties

Knights who swore loyalty to a particular lord

Father of Protestant Reformation in Switzerland, believed in predestination

Golden Age of India; First King was Chandragupta

Transformation of the economy of Europe from a rural, manorial society to a more complex mercantile society

Completed Mongol conquest of China

Period from 1378-1417 when there were 2 popes; a French one in Avignon & another in Rome