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Final exam practice questions
Final exam practice questions
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1
What are the three conditions required for evolutionary change?
Overproduction of offspring, Variation, Inheritance of traits
Growth rates, death rates, reproductive rates
Locomotion, foraging ability, speed of travel
Bilateral symmetry, metamerism, cephalization
2
Why is availability of P often the limiting factor for primary production?
P is stored in fat
P is tightly bound in biomass, clay particles
P is rare
P is slow to form new molecules
3
What is species diversity?
Different color morphs
The number of different ways in which organisms can metabolize carbon
The number of species in an area
The number of different alleles available for each trait
4
Why do females and males generally have different strategies for maximizing their rate of reproductive success?
Females live longer than males
Females live in groups while males are solitary
Females are from Venus, males are from Mars
Females generally have a higher cost of reproduction than males do
5
The three domains of life are:
Prokaryotes, Eukaryotes, Fungi
Plants, Animals, Bacteria
Archeae, Bacteria, Eukarya
Protozoa, Mesozoa, Metazoa
6
Animals should seek to control the largest territory possible and defend it constantly
False
True
7
What is an example of functional diversity?
The number of different ways in which organisms can metabolize carbon
Different color morphs
The number of different alleles available for each trait
The number of species in an area
8
Which mating system occurs most commonly in nature?
Polygyny
Promiscuity
Monogamy
Polyandry
9
The main source of energy that drives the ecosystems on Earth is
Gravity
Solar
Geothermal
Wind
10
Evolution of animal behavior of “How” or “Why”, are the ______ and _____ causations
proximate, ultimate
spatial, temporal
primary, secondary
superficial, deep
11
Limits to primary productivity in ecosystems are primarily
The number of sunny days per year
Light, nutrients, heat and water
Whether or not the area was affected by glaciers
Distance to the nearest ocean
12
What is genetic diversity?
The number of different alleles available for each trait
Different color morphs
The number of different ways in which organisms can metabolize carbon
The number of species in an area
13
How is island biogeography applied to conservation biology?
To help save the finches of the Galapagos Islands
To manage island erosion from rising sea levels caused by global warming
To manage isolated islands of habitat in a fragmented landscape
Calculation of gene flow across Wallace’s Line in the Indo-Pacific Ocean
14
Which of the following is not a way in which ecosystem diversity contributes to human life?
Detoxification of wastes
Purification of air and water
Regeneration and preservation of fertile soils
All of the above are true
15
What is the difference between artificial selection (which we did with the fast plant experiment) and natural selection?
Artificial selection has a goal but natural selection does not
Artificial selection occurs in plants, natural selection occurs in animals
Artificial selection changes allele frequency, natural selection does not
Artificial selection changes in appearance but natural selection does not
16
Which statement is not true about energy and matter in ecosystems?
Primary consumers use nutrients and light to make complex molecules
Energy transfer between trophic levels is efficient, approaching 100%
Matter is recycled but energy is used and lost
Major nutrients in ecosystems are C, N, P and water
17
What is an example of intersexual selection?
Parents favoring offspring that are the same sex as they are
Males competing with other males for a limiting resource
Females choosing the best male from a group of competing males
The timing of sexual maturation
18
What quantity is shown by the triangles for Q 27?
Degree of character displacement on islands of different sizes
The equilibrium between species gain and loss
The optimum growth rates on islands of different sizes
The equilibrium between island distance and island size
19
The basic unit of ecology is
A cell
An Organism
DNA
A population
20
What quantity is shown by the arrows for Q 26?
Extinction rate
Mortality rate
Immigration rate
Birth rate
21
What are some main causes of loss of genetic diversity?
Reduction in population density
Habitat loss
Loss of gene flow among components of a metapopulation
All of the above
22
What is the evidence for the “ghost of competition past”?
A rich fossil record
High rates of reproductive success
Permanent specialization to a narrow niche
High rates of speciation and extinction
23
Energy flows through a system and then it is lost. Matter is recycled.
False
True
24
The mating system in which one female mates with multiple males, and each male mates with only one female is called
Monogamy
Polyandry
Polygyny
Polygynandry
25
Which of the following is NOT true about biomagnification?
Older predators contain more toxins than young ones
Toxins biomagnify if they are fat soluble
Animals get bigger and bigger as energy flows up the food chain
Toxins at low levels in producers can reach toxic levels in consumers
26
Niche is defined by gradients in temperature, water, nutrients, space, time, competitors, etc. Niche is a
superplex
supersaturationm
community
hypervolume
27
What is nitrification?
Reducing NO3 into N2 gas
Converting N2 gas into NH3 or NH4
N uptake by plants for photosynthesis
Oxidizing NHx into NO3
28
What are predictors of same-sex homicide in humans?
Being male
Being unemployed
All of the above
Being young
29
What is an example of intrasexual selection?
Females choosing the best male from a group of competing males
Parents favoring offspring that are the same sex as they are
The timing of sexual maturation
Males competing with other males for a limiting resource
30
What is true about this equation?
Availability of carbon often limits primary production
There are two correct answers
Primary consumption is the process that goes from left to right
Primary production is the process that goes from left to right
31
A caterpillar eats 200J of leaf material, uses 67J for metabolism and 33J for growth, what is its production efficiency?
50%
16.5%
67%
33%
