What is spontaneous recovery?

reappearance of conditioned responses after rest during extinction training

The ability to retain knowledge

What is linguistic determination?

The theory that language determines the way we think

What does habituation involve?

A decrease in reactions to repeated, harmless stimuli

What is source amnesia?

Feeling a stimulus is familiar but not certain where you encountered it

Which of the following is an example of negative reinforcement?

Removing an aversive stimulus to increase behavior

What is practical intelligence?

Ability to apply knowledge and skills to solve real-world problems

What is convergent thinking?

Ability to provide a single correct answer

What is fluid intelligence (Gf)?

The ability to think logically without the need to use learned knowledge

Identifying items previously learned

What is productive language?

An infant's ability to produce words

What are achievement tests?

Intended to reflect what you have learned

Ordering words into sensible sentences

What happens during extinction in classical conditioning?

The unconditioned stimulus no longer follows the conditioned stimulus

A specific member of a category used to represent the category

What is the main difference between reinforcement and punishment?

Reinforcement increases the behavior, while punishment decreases it

An inevitable, involuntary response to stimuli

What is an intelligence test?

Assesses people's mental aptitudes and compares them with those of others

What is a conditioned stimulus (CS)?

environmental event that is learned through classical conditioning

Processes include:information processing,thinking,reasoning,&problemsolving

What is the main characteristic of short-term memory?

Limited duration and limited capacity

What is implicit/nondeclarative memory?

unconscious and effortless retrieved memory thats difficult to verbalize

What is the two-word stage?

At about 2 years, the child uses two-word statements

easier strategy thats speedier than an algorithm but is more error prone

What is explicit/declarative memory?

A consciously retrieved memory that is easy to verbalize

What is generalization in classical conditioning?

tendency to respond to stimuli similar to the original conditioned stimulus

What is sensory memory?

All information that affects the sensory receptors

Classical conditioning involves associations formed between:

Two stimuli occurring sequentially in time

Which of the following best describes operant conditioning?

Learning involving behaviors and their consequences

situation where current state is separated from a ideal state by obstacles

What are availability heuristics?

Estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory

What is receptive language?

An infant's ability to understand what is said to them

What is divergent thinking?

The ability to consider many different options and to think in novel ways

What does it mean to retrieve information?

Getting information back out of the brain

The smallest distinct sound unit in language

What is positive punishment?

Applying an aversive consequence to reduce or eliminate a behavior

A sudden flash of inspiration that solves a problem

What is anterograde amnesia?

The ability to remember the past but inability to form new memories

What does it mean to store information?

Retain information in our brain

What is the main characteristic of short-term memory?

Limited duration (30 seconds maximum) and limited capacity (5-9 bits)

What is crystallized intelligence (Gc)?

The ability to think logically using specific learned knowledge

What is intelligence?

understand complex ideas, adapt to environment, learn from experience

An inability to come to a fresh perspective

Learning something more quickly when you learn it a second or later time

An inborn pattern of behavior elicited by environmental stimuli

What is belief perseverance?

Tendency to cling to beliefs & ignore evidence that proves beliefswrong

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General Psych Exam 3

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Questions 87

Answers

1
Which of the following is NOT one of the 4 abilities that make up emotional intelligence?
Logical reasoning
Perceiving emotions
Managing emotions
Using emotions
2
What is spontaneous recovery?
tendency to respond to stimuli similar to original conditioned stimulus
The substitution of one conditioned response for another
reappearance of conditioned responses after rest during extinction training
The reduction of a learned response
3
What is memory?
The ability to encode information
The ability to retrieve information
The ability to retain knowledge
The ability to store information
4
What is linguistic determination?
The theory that language determines the way we think
An infant's ability to understand what is said to them
An infant's ability to produce words
The idea that language influences the way we think but does not determine
5
What is the Nature vs. Nurture Theory?
genetics vs environment
Measure of individual intelligence relative to a statistically normal curve
The ability to understand complex ideas
The ability to think logically without the need to use learned knowledge
6
What does habituation involve?
An increased reaction to repeated stimuli
Substituting one conditioned response for another
Exposing individuals to fear-inducing stimuli
A decrease in reactions to repeated, harmless stimuli
7
What is source amnesia?
Feeling a stimulus is familiar but not certain where you encountered it
How information stored in the brain gradually fades away
The inability to encode information
The inability to retrieve information
8
Which of the following is an example of negative reinforcement?
Removing an aversive stimulus to increase behavior
Adding a desirable stimulus to increase behavior
Removing a rewarding stimulus to decrease behavior
Adding an aversive stimulus to reduce behavior
9
What is practical intelligence?
Assessed by intelligence tests
Ability to apply knowledge and skills to solve real-world problems
Demonstrated in innovative smarts
The ability to think logically without the need to use learned knowledge
10
What is convergent thinking?
An effortless, immediate feeling
Estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory
Ability to provide a single correct answer
The ability to consider many different options
11
Which stage is NOT part of Richard Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin's three-stage model?
Long-term Memory
Sensory Memory
Short-term Memory
Working Memory
12
What is fluid intelligence (Gf)?
The ability to encode information
The ability to think logically using specific learned knowledge
The ability to retain knowledge
The ability to think logically without the need to use learned knowledge
13
What is recognition?
Retrieving information that is not currently in your conscious
Forgetting information
Learning something more quickly the second time
Identifying items previously learned
14
What is productive language?
The smallest distinct sound unit in language
An infant's ability to understand what is said to them
Smallest language unit that carries meaning
An infant's ability to produce words
15
What are achievement tests?
Assesses people's mental aptitudes
Intended to predict what you will be able to learn
The ability to think logically without the need to use learned knowledge
Intended to reflect what you have learned
16
What is syntax?
The smallest distinct sound unit in language
Ordering words into sensible sentences
Smallest language unit that carries meaning
A set of rules by which we derive meaning from words
17
What happens during extinction in classical conditioning?
An opposite response is substituted
A generalization of the conditioned stimulus occurs
The unconditioned stimulus no longer follows the conditioned stimulus
The organism strengthens its learned response
18
What is an exemplar?
A specific member of a category used to represent the category
An inability to come to a fresh perspective
A methodological rule
A mental image or best example of a category
19
What is the main difference between reinforcement and punishment?
Reinforcement decreases the behavior, while punishment increases it
Both reinforcement and punishment decrease the likelihood of behavior
Reinforcement increases the behavior, while punishment decreases it
Both reinforcement and punishment increase the likelihood of behavior
20
What is a reflex?
An inevitable, involuntary response to stimuli
A fixed action pattern
A learned response to stimuli
A form of associative learning
21
What is an intelligence test?
Intended to predict what you will be able to learn
The ability to think logically without the need to use learned knowledge
Assesses people's mental aptitudes and compares them with those of others
Intended to reflect what you have learned
22
What is a conditioned stimulus (CS)?
A method to decrease sensitivity to stimuli
environmental event that is learned through classical conditioning
A response learned through operant conditioning
A stimulus that elicits a response without prior experience
23
What is cognition?
The ability to retain knowledge
The ability to encode information
The ability to produce language
Processes include:information processing,thinking,reasoning,&problemsolving
24
What is the main characteristic of short-term memory?
Limited duration and unlimited capacity
Limited duration and limited capacity
Unlimited duration and unlimited capacity
Unlimited duration and limited capacity
25
What is implicit/nondeclarative memory?
unconscious and effortless retrieved memory thats difficult to verbalize
The inability to remember the past
The inability to form new memories
A consciously retrieved memory that is easy to verbalize
26
What is the two-word stage?
The theory that language determines the way we think
At about 2 years, the child uses two-word statements
Begins at about 4 months. Infants spontaneously utter various sounds
Around the first birthday, the child knows that words carry meanings
27
What is a heuristic?
easier strategy thats speedier than an algorithm but is more error prone
A specific member of a category
A mental image or best example of a category
A methodological rule
28
What is explicit/declarative memory?
An unconsciously and effortlessly retrieved memory
The inability to form new memories
A consciously retrieved memory that is easy to verbalize
The inability to remember the past
29
What is generalization in classical conditioning?
tendency to respond to stimuli similar to the original conditioned stimulus
The reduction of a learned response
The ability to distinguish between different stimuli
The development of a learned response
30
What is sensory memory?
Information that is difficult to verbalize
All information that affects the sensory receptors
Information stored for a long time
Information that is consciously retrieved
31
Classical conditioning involves associations formed between:
Stimuli and behaviors
Two stimuli occurring sequentially in time
Behaviors and their outcomes
Responses and reinforcers
32
Which of the following best describes operant conditioning?
Learning involving behaviors and their consequences
Learning that reduces harmful stimuli
Learning involving two stimuli
Learning that requires observation of others
33
What is a problem?
A mental image or best example of a category
situation where current state is separated from a ideal state by obstacles
A specific member of a category
An effortless, immediate feeling
34
What are availability heuristics?
Estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory
An inability to come to a fresh perspective
An effortless, immediate feeling
35
What is receptive language?
An infant's ability to produce words
Smallest language unit that carries meaning
An infant's ability to understand what is said to them
The smallest distinct sound unit in language
36
What is divergent thinking?
The ability to consider many different options and to think in novel ways
Estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory
An effortless, immediate feeling
Ability to provide a single correct answer
37
What does it mean to retrieve information?
Get information into our brain
Retain information in our brain
Forget information
Getting information back out of the brain
38
What is a phoneme?
Smallest language unit that carries meaning
The smallest distinct sound unit in language
A set of rules by which we derive meaning from words
The system of rules that enables humans to communicate
39
What is positive punishment?
Removing an aversive stimulus to increase behavior
Applying an aversive consequence to reduce or eliminate a behavior
Removing a rewarding stimulus to decrease behavior
Adding a desirable stimulus to increase behavior
40
What is insight?
An inability to come to a fresh perspective
A simpler strategy for problem solving
A methodological rule
A sudden flash of inspiration that solves a problem
41
What is anterograde amnesia?
The ability to remember the past but inability to form new memories
The inability to retrieve information
The inability to remember the past
The gradual fading of stored information
42
What does it mean to store information?
Forget information
Retrieve information from our brain
Retain information in our brain
Get information into our brain
43
What is the main characteristic of short-term memory?
Unlimited duration and limited capacity
Unlimited duration and unlimited capacity
Limited duration (30 seconds maximum) and limited capacity (5-9 bits)
Limited duration and unlimited capacity
44
What is crystallized intelligence (Gc)?
The ability to encode information
The ability to think logically using specific learned knowledge
The ability to retain knowledge
The ability to think logically without the need to use learned knowledge
45
What is intelligence?
The ability to encode information
understand complex ideas, adapt to environment, learn from experience
The ability to retain knowledge
The ability to produce language
46
How many independent intelligences did Gardner's Multiple Intelligences Theory hold?
8
10
5
12
47
What is fixation?
An inability to come to a fresh perspective
An effortless, immediate feeling
Seek out &interpret information in a way that confirms existing beliefs
A sudden flash of inspiration
48
What is relearning?
Retrieving information that is not currently in your conscious
Forgetting information
Identifying items previously learned
Learning something more quickly when you learn it a second or later time
49
What is an instinct?
A learned behavior based on experience
A form of associative learning
The development of a conditioned response
An inborn pattern of behavior elicited by environmental stimuli
50
What is belief perseverance?
An inability to come to a fresh perspective
Tendency to cling to beliefs & ignore evidence that proves beliefswrong
Estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory
An effortless, immediate feeling
51
What is long-term memory?
Information that is consciously retrieved
Information stored for a short time
Information that is difficult to verbalize
Location of permanent memories
52
What is metacognition?
An effortless, immediate feeling
Mental groupings of similar objects
A sudden flash of inspiration
Thinking about our thinking
53
Which of the following is NOT one of Gardner's Multiple Intelligences?
Linguistic
logic-mathematical
Spatial
Emotional
54
What is the one-word stage?
At about 2 years, the child uses two-word statements
The theory that language determines the way we think
Around the first birthday, the child knows that words carry meanings
Begins at about 4 months. Infants spontaneously utter various sounds
55
What is storage decay?
The inability to encode information
The inability to retrieve information
How information stored in the brain gradually fades away
The disruption of recall due to prior learning
56
What is problem solving?
The use of information to meet a specific goal
A simpler strategy for problem solving
A methodological rule
An inability to come to a fresh perspective
57
What is counterconditioning?
The substitution of one conditioned response for another, opposite response
The reappearance of conditioned responses after periods of rest
The reduction of a learned response
tendency to respond to stimuli similar to the original conditioned stimulus
58
What is sensitization?
The substitution of one conditioned response for another
A decrease in reactions to repeated, harmless stimuli
The reappearance of conditioned responses after periodsof rest
increased reaction to many stimuli after exposure to one strong stimulus
59
What is a morpheme?
A set of rules by which we derive meaning from words
The system of rules that enables humans to communicate
The smallest distinct sound unit in language
Smallest language unit that carries meaning
60
What is giftedness and genius?
The ability to think logically without the need to use learned knowledge
A score of 130+ on a standardized IQ test
The ability to understand complex ideas
Individuals who show deficits in intellectual functioning
61
What are aptitude tests?
Assesses people's mental aptitudes
Intended to predict what you will be able to learn
The ability to think logically without the need to use learned knowledge
Intended to reflect what you have learned
62
What is general intelligence (g)?
The ability to encode information
The ability to produce language
The ability to retain knowledge
measureof individual's overall intelligence as opposedto specific abilities
63
What does it mean to encode information?
Retrieve information from our brain
Forget information
Get information into our brain
Retain information in our brain
64
What are semantics?
Smallest language unit that carries meaning
The system of rules that enables humans to communicate
The smallest distinct sound unit in language
A set of rules by which we derive meaning from words
65
What is recall?
Retrieve info thats not in your conscious that was learned at earlier time
Learning something more quickly the second time
Identifying items previously learned
Forgetting information
66
What is confirmation bias?
An inability to come to a fresh perspective
An effortless, immediate feeling
Seek out &interpret information in a way that confirms existing beliefs
A sudden flash of inspiration
67
What is encoding failure?
We cannot remember what we never stored
The disruption of recall due to prior learning
The gradual fading of stored information
The inability to retrieve information
68
What is a prototype?
A situation separated by obstacles
A simpler strategy for problem solving
A specific member of a category
A mental image or best example of a category
69
Which reinforcement schedule is based on a set number of behaviors?
Fixed ratio schedule
Variable interval schedule
Fixed interval schedule
Variable ratio schedule
70
What is intelligence quotient (IQ)?
The ability to encode information
measure of individual intelligence relative to statistically normal curve
The ability to retain knowledge
The ability to produce language
71
What is interference?
old learning disrupts recall new info/new learning disrupts recall old info
The inability to retrieve information
The inability to encode information
How information stored in the brain gradually fades away
72
What is intuition?
A sudden flash of inspiration
An effortless, immediate, automatic feeling or thought
An inability to come to a fresh perspective
Seek out &interpret information in a way that confirms existing beliefs
73
What is learning?
A temporary change in behavior due to stimuli
The replacement of one response for another
A relatively permanent change in behavior due to experience
A decrease in sensitivity to stimuli
74
What is retrieval failure?
The inability to encode information
The gradual fading of stored information
The inability to recall info that is actually stored in long-term memory
The disruption of recall due to new learning
75
What is an algorithm?
A specific member of a category
An effortless, immediate feeling
A mental image or best example of a category
methodological, logical rule/procedure that guarantees a problem solution
76
What are concepts?
A specific member of a category
An inability to come to a fresh perspective
A methodological rule
Mental groupings of similar objects, events, ideas, or people
77
What are memory construction errors?
The inability to encode information
The inability to retrieve information
How information stored in the brain gradually fades away
We replace original memories with slightly modified versions
78
What is the babbling stage?
At about 2 years, the child uses two-word statements
Around the first birthday, the child knows that words carry meanings
The theory that language determines the way we think
Infants say sounds at first which are unrelated to household language(4mth)
79
What is linguistic relativism?
An infant's ability to produce words
The idea that language influences the way we think but does not determine
An infant's ability to understand what is said to them
The theory that language determines the way we think
80
What is intellectual disability?
A score of 130+ on a standardized IQ test
The ability to understand complex ideas
The ability to think logically without the need to use learned knowledge
Deficits n intellectual functioning & deficits in independent living skills
81
What is a token economy?
Tokens are used to increase desirable behavior
A method for decreasing undesirable behavior
A form of classical conditioning
A method for increasing behaviors by removing aversive stimuli
82
What is retrograde amnesia?
The ability to remember the past but inability to form new memories
The inability to remember the past or old memories
The gradual fading of stored information
The inability to retrieve information
83
What is grammar?
The smallest distinct sound unit in language
A set of rules by which we derive meaning from words
The system of rules that enables humans to communicate with each other
Smallest language unit that carries meaning
84
What is the purpose of systematic desensitization?
To increase sensitivity to stimuli
To substitute one conditioned response for another
Replace stimuli and fear with stimuli and relaxation
To reinforce desirable behavior using tokens
85
What is creative intelligence?
Ability to adapt to new situations and generate novel ideas
Ability to think logically without the need to use learned knowledge
Ability to apply knowledge and skills to solve real-world problems
Assessed by intelligence tests
86
What is framing?
An inability to come to a fresh perspective
Tendency to cling to beliefs & ignore evidence that proves beliefswrong
Sways decisions and judgments by influencing the way an issue is posed
Estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory
87
What is analytical (academic problem-solving) intelligence?
Well-defined problems having a single right answer
Ability to apply knowledge and skills to solve real-world problems
Demonstrated in innovative smarts
Ability to think logically without the need to use learned knowledge

General Psych Exam 3 Flashcards | StudBud