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AP Environmental Science Chapter 4- Evolution and Biodiversity Flashcards | StudBud
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AP Environmental Science Chapter 4- Evolution and Biodiversity
AP Environmental Science Chapter 4- Evolution and Biodiversity
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Chapter 4 from the "Living in the Environment" Spoolman textbook
Flashcards
35 cards
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Practice quiz
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Questions
35
Answers
1
Which type of rock are fossils mainly found in?
Igneous
Sedimentary
Metamorphic
2
Which of these was the LAST mass extinction?
Precambrian
Permian
Mesozoic
Cretaceous
3
Keystone species play a pivotal role in the integrity of an ecosystem.
False
True
4
Natural selection occurs when individuals of a population have an advantage because of their genes
False
True
5
What does thermoluminescence dating determine?
Rate of spontaneous fission
How much time has passed since the object was heated
Ratio between Hydrogen and Helium
Age of the object
6
What are the two steps that need to be taken in order for speciation to occur?
Mutation and natural selection
Physical separation and reproductive selection
Elimination and variation
Stabilization and diversification
7
Who developed the theory of natural selection?
Kepler
Darwin
Einstein
Mendeleev
8
Who studies fossils to learn about the Earth's history?
Podiatrists
Archeologists
Environmentalists
Palentologists
9
Which theory states that "Allele frequencies of a population stay constant unless specific disturbing influences occur?"
Artificial selection
Principle of Uniformitality
Natural selection
Hardy-Weinburg Equilibrium
10
Natural selection is based on all of these conditions EXCEPT:
Whether the trait is heritable or not
Natural variability of a trait within a population
If the trait is a severe mutation or not
If the trait leads to differential reproduction
11
Gastroliths are fossilized digestive stops or eggs.
True
False
12
What variable does radiometric dating use to calculate the age elemental substances?
Half-life
Mass
Density
Surface temperature
13
Speciation and extinction are affected by several factors EXCEPT:
Gradual/rapid climate change
Large scale movements of continents
Human influence
New keystone species in their area
14
What percent of species have gone extinct since the beginning of life on Earth?
1%
50%
25%
99%
15
What is the Principle of Uniformitarianism?
Tides are caused by the gravitational pull of the moon on the oceans
Matter and energy cannot be created nor destroyed
Elements emit particles and energy at a constant rate
Current geologic process are the same today as the past
16
Biological evolution was necessary to form the first protocells.
True
False
17
The hypothesis that "the first organic molecules came from inorganic chemicals" came from...
James Hutton
Charles Darwin
Alexander Oparin
Nicholas Steno
18
What is the theory of island biogeography?
Species diversity of an island is determined by immigration and extinction
Human manipulation of genes lead to new species
Allele frequencies of a population stay the same overtime
Immigration and extinction rates are affected by the size of an island
19
Which word/definition pair is CORRECT?
Microevolution- small genetic changes that occur in populations
Macroevolution- small genetic changes that occur in populations
Macroevolution- long term/large scale evolutionary changes among species
Microevolution- long term/large scale evolutionary changes among species
20
Genetic engineering/artificial selection has led to new species or new traits in existing species.
True
False
21
When is a species most likely to evolve or go extinct?
When there is a new introduced species
When there is sudden climate change
When food in their area runs out
All of the above (any env. condition changes)
22
Which term is used to describe the current era?
Cenozoic
Permian
Cretaceous
Anthropocene
23
What does the Punctuated Equilibrium theory state?
Allele frequencies of a population stay constant over time
Individuals that have better traits have a better chance of survival
Artificial breeding has led to new species
Evolution = long time of little change w/ brief periods of rapid change
24
A factor in a population's environment that causes natural selection to occur is ____.
Reproductive isolation
Differential
Selective pressure
Punctuated equilibrium
25
Which one means "the number of species in a community?"
Species richness
Species evenness
26
Which one means "the relative abundance of individuals within each of those species?"
Species evenness
Species richness
27
Speciation occurs when two species occur from one.
False
True
28
All of these are types of natural selection EXCEPT:
Diversifying
Eliminating
Stabilizing
Directional
29
When does 'background extinction' occur?
When genetically diverse populations survive certain stressors
Right after a mass extinction occurs
When natural selection does not work for a certain time
When some species disappear at a low rate
30
What are the four eras in ORDER?
Cenozoic, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, Precambrian
Precambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, Cenozoic
Mesozoic, Cenozoic, Precambrian, Paleozoic
Paleozoic, Cenozoic, Mesozoic, Precambrian
31
Which type of species have broad niches and a high tolerance to the environment?
Specialist
Keystone
Exotic
Generalist
32
The change in a population's genetic makeup through successive generations is known as ...
Physical evolution
Biological evolution
Chemical evolution
Geologic evolution
33
"Undeformed sedimentary rock layers are older than the layers above them" is known as the ___.
Law of Conservation of Mass
Principle of Uniforitarianism
Murphy's law
Law of Superposition
34
Genetic drift is the movement of genes between populations
False
True
35
Which of these was the LARGEST mass extinction in history?
Cenozoic
Cambrian
Cretaceous
Permian
