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PreAP Chemistry Final Review
What is an element ?
What elements are found in the s block ?
PreAP Chemistry Final Review
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1
What elements are found in the s block ?
halogens
transition metals
noble gases
alkali metals & alkaline earth metals
2
What is an element ?
pure substance that can’t be decomposed by chemical change
pizza
compounds
non pure substances
3
What group has the most reactive nonmetals ?
group 2
group 18
group 1
group 17
4
What is the magnetic quantum number ?
indicates shape of orbital
indicates the spin state
indicates main energy level
indicates orientation of orbital
5
What is a chemical change ?
1 or more substance are converted into diff substances
doesn’t involve a change in identity
6
A Metallic bond...
results from attraction between cations & anions
results from attraction between metal nuclei & electrons
7
What is the spin quantum number?
indicates main energy lever
indicates orientation of orbital
indicates the spin state
indicates shape of orbital
8
Heterogeneous mixture
uniform in composition
not uniform in composition
9
which elements are found in the d block ?
transition metals
lanthanides & actinides
halogens
noble gases
10
What rule does this violate ?
Aufbau principle
Hund’s rule
Paul exclusion principle
11
properties of nonmetals
solid at room temp, semiconductors
gases at room temp, low conductivity
shiny, metallic, good conductors, malleable, solids
12
Coulombic force of attraction & distance between electrons and protons are...
directly proportional
inversely proportional
13
The law of conservation of mass states that...
chem compound have same elements in same proportions by mass
mass isn’t created/ destroyed in ordinary chemical reactions
14
Chlorine has atomic number 17 and mass number 35. How many neutrons does it have ?
17
19
20
18
15
examples of homogeneous mixtures
water, salt, coffee
cereal in milk
pizza & chex mix
16
The emission of electrons from metal when light shine on the metal
ground state
excited state
line emission spectrum
photoelectric effect
17
What is the atomic number ?
total number of protons in an element
total number of protons and neutrons in an element
total number of neutrons in an element
18
Coulombic force of attraction & charge of protons and electrons are...
directly proportional
inversely proportional
19
what is a physical change ?
doesn’t involve change in identity
1 or more substances converted into diff substances
20
examples of heterogeneous mixtures
pizza & chex mix
water & salt
21
Chemistry is....
study of composition, structure, and properties of matter
study of nature
not uniform in composition
study of humans
22
What is Avogadro’s constant?
6.023 x 10^23
6.033 x 10^23
6.022 x 10^23
23
What is the name of group 17 ?
alkali metals
noble gases
halogens
alkaline earth metals
24
Why is an atom electrically neutral?
number of neutrons = number of electrons
number of electrons = number of protons
number of protons = number of neutrons
25
Homogeneous mixture
uniform in composition
not uniform in composition
26
What elements are found in the p block ?
lanthanides & actinides
transition metals
nonmetals & metalloids
alkali metals
27
Which one has the highest electronegativity ?
Phosphorus
Chlorine
28
What is an isotope ? (SN: # = number)
atoms of same element with different # of protons
atoms of same element with diff atomic masses
atoms of same element with diff # of electrons
29
What is precision?
closeness of measurements to correct accepted value
closeness of 2 or more measurements
30
How did Mendeleev arrange the periodic table?
increasing atomic #
increasing atomic mass
31
What is the mass number ?
total number of protons & neutrons in an element
total number of protons in an element
total number of neutrons in an element
32
examples of intensive property
melting point, boiling point, temperature
length, mass, volume
mass
size
33
Intensive properties
don’t depend on amount of matter present
depends on amount of matter present
34
What charge does a neutron have and where is it located?
positive, inside nucleus
neutral, inside nucleus
negative, in orbitals
35
Which has smaller atomic radii ?
Sr
Sn
36
what is the name of group 18 ?
noble gases
alkaline earth metals
halogens
alkali metals
37
What is Qualitative data ?
numerical
descriptive
38
What is Accuracy ?
closeness of measurements to the accepted value
closeness of 2 or more measurements
39
measure of ability of an atom in a chemical compound to attract electrons from another atom
ionic radii
ionization energy
electroaffinity
electronegativity
40
Beam of light is separated in specific colors of the visible spectrum
photoelectric effect
line emission spectrum
ground state
excited state
41
What is Quantitative data?
descriptive
numerical
42
What elements are found in the f block?
halogens
lanthanides & actinides
transition metals
noble gases
43
An ionic bond ...
results from attraction between cations & anions
results from attraction metal nuclei & electrons
44
How did Moseley arrange the modern periodic table?
increasing atomic mass
increasing atomic #
45
What is the angular momentum quantum number?
indicates main energy level occupied
indicates shape of orbital
indicates the spin state
indicates orientation of orbital
46
What shape does a d orbital have?
dumbbell
complex
spherical
47
what period are actinides found in?
period 3
period 7
period 6
period 4
48
An aluminum isotope has 13 protons, 13 electrons, & 14 neutrons. What is the mass number?
15
27
16
18
49
properties of metals
gases at room temp, low conductivity
solid at room temp, semiconductors
metallic, shiny, malleable, solids, good conductors
50
What is a nonpolar covalent bond ?
unequal attraction for shared bonds
electrons shared equally
51
Which rule does this violate ?
Hund’s rule
Aufbau principle
Pauli exclusion principle
52
What is a compound ?
pure substance found in nature
composed of two or more elements
53
What is the principal quantum number ?
indicates shape of the orbital
indicates main energy level occupied
indicates orientation of an orbital
indicates the spin state
54
what is the name of group 2 metals?
alkali metals
halogens
noble gases
alkaline earth metals
55
Groups are in...
columns
rows
56
Energy change that occurs when a electron is acquired by a neutral atom
ionic radii
ionization energy
electronegativity
electron affinity
57
what is a polar covalent bond ?
electrons shared equally
unequal attraction for shared electrons
58
what are the states of matter ?
solid, liquid, gas
solid, liquid, gas, plasma
liquid, solid, plasma
liquid, solid, gas, metals
59
What period are Lanthanides found in ?
period 7
period 4
period 5
period 6
60
what shape does a p orbital have?
complex
spherical
dumbbell
61
A Cation is...
negative ion, larger than neutral atom
positive, smaller than neutral atom
62
What charge does a proton have and where is it located ?
positive, inside nucleus
neutral, inside nucleus
negative, orbitals
63
properties of metalloids
gases at room temp, low conductivity
shiny, metallic, solids, malleable, solids, good conductors
solid at room temp, semiconductors
64
examples of extensive property
gold
boiling point, temp, color
volume, mass, weight
water
65
What group has the most reactive metals ?
group 17
group 1
group 18
group 2
66
Extensive properties
depend on amount of matter that is present
don’t depend on amount of matter present
67
What is the trend for electron affinity ?
increase across period, increase down a period
decrease across period, increase down a group
increase across period, increase up the group
68
What is the name of group 1 elements?
alkali metals
noble gases
alkaline earth metals
halogens
69
Which has larger atomic radii ?
P
Bi
70
An Anion is...
positive, small than neutral atom
negative, larger than neutral atom
71
Which rule does this violate ?
Pauli Exclusion principle
Hund’s rule
Aufbau principle
72
Antimony has 51 electrons and mass number 122. What is the hyphen notation?
Antimony-49
Antimony-122
Antimony-51
73
What shape does an s orbital have ?
complex
dumbbell
spherical
74
what charge does an electron have and where is it located?
neutral, in nucleus
positive, in nucleus
negative, in orbitals
75
what is the trend for ionization energy ?
increases across period, increases down a group
increase across a period, decreases down a group
decrease across a period, decrease down a group
76
Which law?A given chem compound contains the same elements in exact same proportions by mass
law of conservation of mass
law of definite proportions
law of multiple proportion
77
periods are in...
rows
columns
