What does the TUG test?

Testing dynamic gait under single & dual task conditions

What is true about stand and reading (dual-task)?

Postural orientation is the same sitting or standing for reading, Stability is more stringent in standing then sitting stability

What is not true about postural control?

The vertical projection of COM is defined as BOS

What test is testing anticipatory balance control and functional lower body strength.

STEADI: 30 sec chair stand test

What isn’t part of a 3-1 Komode?

Shower chair that you can slide into the tub on

What isn’t true about the ankle, hip, and step strategy?

These are typically done independently of each other, Hip: Large & or fast perturbation, and on soft environments or wide BOS

What list is correct about the parts that make up a skillful task?

Consistency, flexibility, & efficiency

What is incorrect above the novice stage of the three-stage Bernstein model?

By constraining or coupling multi joints they move independent

If someone has advanced past basic gait training focused on balance how can you challenge them to continue improving?

Concurrent tasks—> walk & talk

What is wrong about interventions?

Shouldn’t put an emphasis on finding tasks that ensure success

What isn’t true about the bodies ability to recovery stability

Movement is only required in unidirectional stability

What about environmental predictability is incorrect?

Is a stage like theory that is not on a continuum

What isn’t true about the Gentile (1998) & WIllingham & Goedert-Eschmann (1999) models?

Novice learners experience more implicit learning as compared to explicit, If an athlete overthinks an action they will go back to relying on implicit

What risk factors list is not corrected for falls in older adult?

Decreased leg strength, balance problem, declined in gait speed, young ppl

What is not true about regulatory conditions vs. non-regulatory conditions?

Non-regulatory: Tiger woods has to only wear red on Sunday or he can’t win, Regulatory conditions: sitting in a red chair then a blue chair

What types of diagnosis might present with different sensory system for balance impairments (vision, somato, vestibular)

Decreased vision: homo hemi, diabetes, elders, cataracts—> somato reliance, Vestibular dysfunction leads to reliance on vision & sensation, Impaired sensation: diabetes, DCML, stroke can lead to reliance on vision

What isn’t true about the restorative/recovery interventions?

An example would be to apply a walker to help someone stand up

What isn’t true about the things that make up the individual that affect movement?

Cognitive & emotion: what others care about & what they want us to attend 2

What isn’t true about the Berg Balance Scale?

Predicts falls in unfamiliar environments

What isn’t true about compensatory interventions?

The uninvolved or less involved limb is not involved for intervention

What isn’t true about explicit or implicit learning?

Implicit Learning: Can verbalize what they learned

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Neuro part 2 exam 1 part 1

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Questions 100

Answers

1
What is a model of disability?
ICF
IFC
ILUVU
ICE
2
What does the TUG test?
Sensory environment
Testing anticipatory balance & change in BOS
Testing anticipate balance control and functional lower body strength
Testing dynamic gait under single & dual task conditions
3
What is true about stand and reading (dual-task)?
All are correct
Sitting and reading stability requirements are more stringent than standing
Postural orientation is the same sitting or standing for reading
Stability is more stringent in standing then sitting stability
4
What is not one of the things that a comprehensive POC that includes interventions should achieve?
Develop effective & efficient task-specific strategies
All are correct
Adapt functional goal oriented strategies to changing task & envt condition
Resolve, reduce, or prevent body function & structure impairments
5
What is the emphasis of the three-stage Bernstein model?
Increase degrees of freedom
Controlling degrees of freedom
Increase the joints required to complete an activity
Go away from providing ADs
6
A form of implicit learning where skill improves over repetitive blocks of trials is called what?
Step like learning
New skill learning
Permanent change learning
Procedural learning
7
The ability to regulate or direct the mechanisms essential to movement is termed as what?
Motor advancement
Motor learning
Motor control
Motor vehicle
8
What is not true about postural control?
The BOS is defined as the area of body that is in contact c support surface
The vertical projection of COM is defined as BOS
Ability to control COM in relationship to BOS
The COM is the point at the center of the total BM, weighted avg of COM.
9
What test is testing anticipatory balance control and functional lower body strength.
TUG
STEADI: 30 sec chair stand test
All of the above
The 4-stage balance test
10
What isn’t part of a 3-1 Komode?
Toilet by the bed
Shower chair that you can slide into the tub on
All are correct
Toilet
11
What isn’t an area of the body that can lead to impairments in balance?
Peripheral nerves in UE
Motor control
Cerebellum
Sensory modalities
12
Steady-State Balance is to maintain equilibrium with the least expenditure of internal energy
False
True
13
What isn’t true about the ankle, hip, and step strategy?
These are typically done independently of each other
Step: Large to displace COM out of BOS & on all environments
Hip: Large & or fast perturbation, and on soft environments or wide BOS
Ankle: small perturbation & on firm environments
14
Functional movement disorders lead to motor control problems
False
True
15
In the Nashner protocol if someone falls under conditions 4,5,6 what are they?
Vestibular loss
Sensory selection problems
Visually Dependent
Surface-Dependent
16
The range of interrater reliability across sub-sections is .79-.96 and as a whole is .91
False
True
17
What list is correct about the parts that make up a skillful task?
Can complete task, compensations, and at home setting completion
Consistency, flexibility, & efficiency
All are parts
Time, exertion, effiency
18
The key to planning training sessions is to get pt. Back to where they want to function in where they need to function
True
False
19
What is incorrect above the novice stage of the three-stage Bernstein model?
All are correct
By constraining or coupling multi joints they move independent
Learners simplify mvnt to reduce the degrees of freedom
When constraining it is at the cost of efficiency & flexibility
20
If someone has advanced past basic gait training focused on balance how can you challenge them to continue improving?
Switch to focusing on non-moving BOS balance
Switch to focusing on sit-to-stand transfers to improve LE strength
Concurrent tasks—> walk & talk
Switch to manipulation of AD from “I” walking to get use of hand of manip.
21
A narrower base is typically more easier, and the broader base is more challenging
True
False
22
The berg balance test is scored 0-4 with a score of 0 being the best options
False
True
23
What is wrong about interventions?
Interventions should focus on key problems first to achieve optimum effect
Shouldn’t put an emphasis on finding tasks that ensure success
End each session c interventions that will leave it on a positive note
Interspace more difficult or uncomfortable procedures c easier ones
24
What isn’t true about the bodies ability to recovery stability
Segments and muscles requires different joints to recover stability
Movement is only required in unidirectional stability
Body segments and muscles requires activation of forces
Different joints and different directions in require to recover stability
25
What test do these feet represent?
The 4-stage balance test
30 sec chair stand test
All of the above
Postural control testing
26
What isn’t an accurate statements?
Environment: Practicing in easy street then go out to a real street
Individual: decreased cognitive control of R leg following stroke
Task: Dual-tasking, and transition from sit-to stand
All are correct
27
What about environmental predictability is incorrect?
An open skill is in an unpredictable environment
Semipredictable environment: walking around a clinic setting c other ppl
Is a stage like theory that is not on a continuum
A closed skill is done in a predictable environment
28
What isn’t true about the Gentile (1998) & WIllingham & Goedert-Eschmann (1999) models?
Novice learners experience more implicit learning as compared to explicit
Explicit & implicit learning develops in parallel
Skilled learners experience more implicit then explicit learning
If an athlete overthinks an action they will go back to relying on implicit
29
What risk factors list is not corrected for falls in older adult?
Postural hypotension, slower reflexes, foot problems, decreased cognition
Decreased leg strength, balance problem, declined in gait speed, young ppl
ADLs require dual-tasks- walking while talking & result in loss of balance
Medications, confusion, decreased dual tasking performance, old adult
30
What is not a movement strategies for controlling upright sway?
Synergy: functional coupling of groups of m. constrained to act together
Motor patterns: ankle, hip, step, reach-to-grasp
All are correct
Fixed-support/in place vs. change-in-support
31
What is not true about regulatory conditions vs. non-regulatory conditions?
Regulatory conditions: Need to adjust to a higher barstool by hip hiking
Non-regulatory: No matter what color ball you throw the kid will catch it
Non-regulatory: Tiger woods has to only wear red on Sunday or he can’t win
Regulatory conditions: sitting in a red chair then a blue chair
32
If someone has the ability to do feedforward mechanisms it indicates their ability to learn
True
False
33
What is defined: Set of internal processes associated c practice or experience leading to relatively permanent changes?
Motor control
Motor endeavors
Motor learning
Motor experience
34
What isn’t true about the two options for tests & measures?
All are correct
Option 2 is more common in neuro but both are acceptable
Option 1: begin c MMT and ROM then progress to 6MWT, TUG, & BBS
Option 2: Start c seeing how they transition then test BSF impairments
35
Internal dialogue is how a therapist goes through clinical reasoning
False
True
36
What types of diagnosis might present with different sensory system for balance impairments (vision, somato, vestibular)
Decreased vision: homo hemi, diabetes, elders, cataracts—> somato reliance
Vestibular dysfunction leads to reliance on vision & sensation
Impaired sensation: diabetes, DCML, stroke can lead to reliance on vision
All incorrect
37
On the Falls Efficacy Scale (FES) the pt. self reports their confidence c activities 1= very confident 10= not confident
False
True
38
What isn’t true about the restorative/recovery interventions?
An example would be to apply a walker to help someone stand up
Work towards remediation or improving the patient’s status towards PLOF
The involved segments (impairments) are targeted for interventions
Assumes an existing potential for change within the patient
39
What isn’t true about the things that make up the individual that affect movement?
Cognitive & emotion: attention, planning, problem solving, motivation
Sensory/Perception are from the PNS—> CNS
Cognitive & emotion: what others care about & what they want us to attend 2
Motor/Action: Central NS—> Peripheral NS
40
Stepping &/or reaching occurs exclusively when the COM is outside the BOS
False
True
41
What isn’t true about the Berg Balance Scale?
Scores below 36 are 100% chance of the patients falling
46-54 scores a 1-point change has 6-8% increase in falls
Predicts falls in unfamiliar environments
Score in the range of 54-56 a drop of one point increase 3-4% risk of fall
42
What isn’t true about compensatory interventions?
The uninvolved or less involved limb is not involved for intervention
Directed towards promoting optimal function using residual abilities
The activity is adapted in order to achieve function
Environmental adaptations are also used to facilitate relearning of skills
43
A sensory conflict can come from “disagreement” from the three senses or the R/L side
False
True
44
In the Nashner protocol if someone falls under condition 3 and 6 what are they?
Vestibular loss
Sensory selection problems
Visually dependent
Surface-dependent
45
Interventions should be focused on one specific goal at a time for a more measurable goal
False
True
46
What isn’t true about explicit or implicit learning?
Explicit learning: Can verbalize what they learned
Explicit: acquisition of info accompanied by awareness of learned info
Implicit Learning: Can verbalize what they learned
Implicit: Acquisition of info s awareness of the learned info
47
Feedback mechanism is fast and most effective when corrections are large
False
True
48
The postural control system is able to reweight sensory input to optimize stance in altered sensory environments
True
False
49
What strategies are used when an in-place strategies fails to recover balance?
A step
A reach
A fall
A jump
50
Changing the small ball they can’t catch to the large ball they can catch until they can progress is called what?
Motor Learning
Motor control
Motor advancement
Motor organization
51
What isn’t true about limits of stability?
Can step, reach or fall
The furthest distance in any direction a person can lean away from vertical
Not fixed by boundaries: affected by perceptual and cognitive factor
Doesn’t alter the original BOS
52
What isn’t true about four step square test?
They get 3 practice trials
Recorded an error if they step on the line
Have them try and complete the sequence as fast as possible
Best of two FSST is scored
53
When a pt has a SC injury & we have 2 re-teach them to walk we’re using a previously-learned skill why's this important?
It gives an advantage to learn to run again
It gives them an excitement to learn to do wheelies in w/c
It isn’t important to the patients recovery
It give an advantage to recover their function through underlying ability
54
In the Nashner protocol if someone falls under condition 3,4,5,6 what are they?
A child aged 1-7
Visually dependent
Surface-dependent
Sensory selection problems
55
Effective pt/client-related instruction is critical to ensuring optimal care and successful rehabilitation
False
True
56
Adequate training and skill in performing specific tests and measures are crucial to what?
Validity
Sensitivity
Reliability
Specificity
57
Motor skill is a term of proficiency when performing a mvnt
False
True
58
What isn’t one of the three things interact to produce movement?
Environment
Task
Individual
Goals created by the government
59
What is true about preventative interventions?
Fixing a activity limitation by providing crutches
Work on increasing strength to improve sit to stand ability
Directed towards minimizing potential problems
Are directed at taking pressure off of the patient when an ulcer forms
60
What isn’t true about how a PT can use the environment to improve movement of a patient?
Arrange the environment in which the action takes place
The pt must solve the problem of how to compose and control a mvnt
Closed tasked would be in a mall setting
Therapist will set goals with the patient
61
What list is accurate for the two subsections of the BESTest that are left out of the mini best test?
Sensory Orientation & Dynamic Gait
Biomechanical Constraints & Stability Limits
Anticipatory- Transistions & Postural Response
No sections are left out as at least 2 items for each section are selected
62
The most important thing about an evaluation is to get through as many tests and measures as possible “for full picture”
False
True
63
Feedback control comes from a response to sensory feedback (visual, vestibular, or somatosensory) for reactive balance
True
False
64
In the Nashner protocol if someone falls under condition 5 and 6 what are they?
Surface-dependent
Visually dependent
Vestibular loss
Sensory selection problem
65
Balance is the ability to control COG over the BOS in a given sensory environment
True
False
66
What is not one of the 3 senses for balance?
Neuromuscular
Somatosensory
Visual
Vestibular
67
What list is correct for the elements of the pt/client management model?
Evaluation, diagnosis, prognosis, intervention, outcome, discharge note
Evaluation, diagnosis, prognosis, plan of care, outcome, discharge note
Exam, prognosis, diagnosis, intervention, plan of care, discharge note
Exam, evaluation, diagnosis, prognosis, intervention, outcome
68
Someone will always be proficient no matter what the task or environmental demands are if completed in home setting
True
False
69
Teaching a baseball player to throw a curveball for the first time they are utilizing what?
Motor Learning
A combo of the two
Recovery of function
Motor control
70
Which phase of the Fitts (1964) & Fitts & Posner (1967) is not paired correctly?
Autonomous: low level of attention required
Associative: mod level of attention required
All are correct
Cognitive: high level of attention required
71
What balance test is considered the gold standard of balance testing?
BESTest
Mini best
Tinetti test
4 stage balance test
72
The ABCscale has the patients answer questions about their confidence on tasks 0= no limitation 10= highly limited
True
False
73
Which AP stability is a change in support strategy, as opposed to an in-place strategy?
All of the above
Hip strategy
Ankle strategy
Stepping strategy
74
What isn’t true about procedural learning?
Procedural learning does not depend awareness, attention
Develops quickly through repetition
Requires higher cognitive processing abilities
Repeating a mvnt continually under varying circumstances lead to it
75
What isn’t listed correctly listened in how we do PT decision making?
Refer: other PT, other disciplines, MD/DO/DDs, social work, nursing, psych
Co-manage: other disciplines, psych, social work, nursing, NPs/PAs
Always retain your own patients and never trust PTAs cu why would we
Consult: Nursing, social work, NPs/PAs, MD/DO/DDs, other PTs
76
What isn’t true about clinical decision making?
Initial hypotheses lead to guided selections of test & measures.
Participation restriction leads to long term goals
BSF impairment & activity limitation leads to selection of interventions
Exam leads to clinician determines the BSF impairments & act limitations
77
What isn’t a type of interventions?’’
Compensatory Interventions
Preventative Interventions
Dynamic Interventions
Restorative/Recovery Interventions
78
What is incorrect above the expert stage of the three-stage Bernstein model?
Increased energy cost
Can take advantage of MSK system, environment, to optimize efficiency mvnt
Increased speed of movement
Released all the degrees of freedom at this point
79
The 4 stage balance test is testing what?
Testing anticipatory balance
All of the above
Testing reactive balance
Changes in BOS
80
What is incorrect above the advanced stage of the three-stage Bernstein model?
Muscle synergies make mvnt more adaptable to task & environment
Joints can now be controlled independently
Release of all degrees of freedom
Less simultaneous contractions of agonist & antagonist
81
What is not a true statement?
Postural stability is not fixed and stereotypical reactions
Movements in response to task demands is predisposed and set in stone
Muscle synergies are refined and tuned response to changing demands
Train in a variety of ways to train multiple synergies
82
Why would you choose the BESTest or the Mini-BESTest?
Choose the BESTest for true physical limitations involvement
Choose the BESTest if you want don’t wanna do the gold standard
Choose the Mini-BESTest for time constraints
Choose Mini-BESTest if you just wanna head home on Friday
83
What isn’t true about maximizing learning?
Time is a key constraint
All are correct
We need to maximize the amount of potential learning in time constraint
We have to organize instructions, feedback and practice to max potential
84
What isn’t true about sensory organization?
Comparison of information from the three senses and right and left side
Selection based on availability, accuracy, value for the task at hand
all are correct
Processing of information from the CNS
85
Examinations should have a task-oriented approach
False
True
86
What task organization term is not paired correctly with an example?
Discrete: sit-to-stand from the back of the chair with scooting forward
Continuous: Walking
Discrete: sit-to-stand from edge of chair
Serial: sitting in back of chair and scooting forward then standing
87
What isn’t true about the sensory weighting hypothesis?
All are correct
In peripheral neuropathy touch becomes weighted lighter & vision is heavier
Varying weight given to a sense changes as we age, in environments, & tasks
If an individual losses vision it will become weighted heavier
88
Each item of the BESTest is scored 0-3 (3 being the best score) and the mini best is scored 0-2 (2 being the best score)
True
False
89
Feedforward control is for what type of balance?
Anticipatory
Proactive
Three are correct
Reactive
90
What is not a benefit of the Berg balance test?
Helps you develop interventions for the patients
Tells you about the strategy they use for completing tasks
Gives objective data
Tests all subcategories of balance
91
What isn’t true about environmental conditions and the desired outcome of the action?
Body transport would be riding an escalator to the second floor
A closed environment is a controlled environment like easy street
With manipulation of an object: walking with an AD
Intertrial variability: changing the step height between step up sets
92
Which test isn’t paired correctly with what it is assessing?
Timed 10-meter walk test- declined gait speed (6th vital sign)
30 sec chair stand test- Decreased leg strength
The 4-stage balance test- balance problems
Mod CTSIB- vision exclusively
93
Stable environments= High control demand of balance, unstable environments= low control demands of balance
True
False
94
Motion of platform backward leads to pt. Sway forward, and motion of platform forward lead to pt. Sway backward
False
True
95
What is not true about the resolution of a sensory conflict?
All are partially correct
Don’t need to resolve as the cerebellum resolves for us
Recognizing accurate information input is important
Suppressing inaccurate information input is important
96
When doing the Modified CTSIB what is not an accurate statement?
All are correct
Can only distinctively tell you if someone is vestibular loss nothing else
Can’t tell difference between surface-dependent & sensory selection problem
You may have a hard time proving someone is visually dependent
97
Motor control is the ability of CNS to regulate and direct the MSK system in a purposeful act
False
True
98
What is the average M/sec for people walking?
1.0-1.2 M/sec
0.8-1.0 M/sec
1.2-1.4 M/sec
1.4-1.6 M/sec
99
Which phase of the Fitts (1964) & Fitts & Posner (1967) is not paired correctly?
Early phase (cognitive or declarative): Basic tasks are learned
All are correct
Autonomous (procedural): More automatic, performed more rapidly
Intermediate (association) phase: Procedure of the task becomes more fluent
100
What is the most important thing that we try to effect in the “individuals” to control movement?
“Readjust everything they know about movement to focus more on athletics”
“Try to get what they are comfortable with out of them then do that”
“Try to get most out of what they come to the table with”
None of the above

Neuro part 2 exam 1 part 1 Flashcards | StudBud