Enlightenment/Scientific Revolution

English physicist who is credited with observing and calculating laws of motion, like gravity and inertia.

Empress of Russia from 1762-1796; under her Russia grew larger and was revitilized making it a grande force in Europe

French philospher who is the principal source of the theory of separation of powers (executive, legislative, judicial)

French enlightenment writer who advocated for freedom of speech, religion, and separation of church and state.

Wrote A Treatise of Human Nature, and was a influential member of the Scottish Enlightenment.

An intellectual movement beginning in the mid 1500's resulting in new theories about physics, astronomy, and geography

The process by which phenomena is observed, hypotheses made, data is collected, and experiments are conducted.

This German philosopher wrote Theodicy in 1710...

The earth-centered view of the universe.

Believed all people were are born free and equal with three natural rights-life, liberty, and property.

French writer who challenged Enlightenment ideas about race in his History of the Two Indies in 1770.

Italian criminologist and philosopher who wrote On Crimes and Punishments in 1764.

This French noblewoman studied physics and mathematics, and published the first French translation of Newton's Principia

German philospher who wrote the pamphlet What is Enlightenment? in 1784

An implicit agreement among the members of a society to cooperate for social benefits.

A leading figure in the Dutch Enlightenment who was shunned by Jewish society for his radical ideas about scripture.

A Scottish economist, philosopher, pioneer of political economy, and a key figure during the Scottish Enlightenment.

Intellectual movement that stressed reason and thought and the power of individuals to solve problems.

What theological view believes in God as a distant, noninterventionist deity?

French public intellectuals who applied reason to the study of history, science, politics, economics, and social issues.

Famous for writing The Social Contract, a major work concerning the relationship between state and citizen.

Sun-centered view of the universe posited by Niklaus Kopernicus

Italian astronomer who challenged Church dogmas on science, stood trial in 1633 for his radical ideas.

What was a gathering of nobility and intellectuals to discuss social issues of the day in Enlightenment Europe?