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Chemistry 11 final
3 bonds, 0 lone pairs
What did Empedocles theorize?
Chemistry 11 final
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1
What did Empedocles theorize?
constallations
atoms
elements
earth air fire water
2
3 bonds, 0 lone pairs
trigonal pyramidal
trigonal planar
T-shape
bent
3
Law of conservation in matter
In a chemical change, matter is only created and destroyed by energy
In a chemical change, matter is conserved in ion form
In a chemical change, matter can be destroyed only by certain reactants
in a chemical change, matter can not be created nor destroyed
4
3 bonds, 1 lone pair
Trigonal pyramidal
bent
Trigonal planar
T-shape
5
What is the orbital in this photo?
dxz
dx2-dy2
dxy
dyz
6
name HCLO4
chloric acid
perchloric acid
hydrochloric acid
hydrogen chlorite
7
All collisions (with gas particles) are perfectly elastic
True
False
8
Daltons atomic theory- Atoms of the same element have the same size, mass, and other physical properties
True
False
9
Molecular Geometry- 2 bonds, 0 lone pairs
linear
trigonal pyramidal
trigonal planar
bent
10
5 bonds, 0 lone pairs
Trigonal bipyramidal
T-shape
trigonal pyramidal
linear
11
4 bonds, 0 lone pairs
Tetrahedral
Triangle
T-shape
Trigonal planar
12
What Electronegativity difference signifies a covalent bond?
1.7 or more
0.4 or less
0.4-1.7
0.2 or less
13
What is the azimunthal number?
the orientation of the sub-orbital
the direction of electron spin
s,p,d or f orbital
the shell of the orbital
14
what was Dalton''s law of partial pressures?
P1+P2+P3...=Ptotal
V1/T1=V2/T2
P1/T1=P2/T2
PV=nRT
15
what is not a branch of pure substances or mixtures?
potential
compounds
solutions
elements
16
what type of compounds have dipole-dipole interactions
non polar
polar covalent
covalent
ionic
17
what is a control?
a banana
a process for keeping documentation of the experiment
the part of an experiment that doesnt change
the independent variable
18
Gas particles are calculated to be ___________ points
tiny
dimensionless
ramdom
spaced out
19
what is not a field of potential energy?
gravitational
electromagnetic
mechanical
nuclear
20
JJ Thompson's suggestion
neutrons
corpuscles
nucleus
protons
21
what type of reactions are hydrocarbon
exothermic
don't require a recation
either
endothermic
22
who named these intermolecular forces?
Van der waals
VESPR
Dalton
me
23
Daltons atomic theory- in _________________, atoms can be combined, separated, or rearranged.
nuclear space
high energy circumstances
between elections
chemical reactions
24
what orbital's in this photo?
dz2
dyz
dx2-dy2
dxy
25
what is supercooling?
particles are cold enough to form a crystal, but are in the wrong alignment
particles are frozen but then get thawed
particles are losing vibrational energy in the supercooling stage
particles lose heat temperature but not energy
26
What is this experiment called?
Ernest Rutherford experiment
alpha-beta experiment
Light paricle reflection experiment
Geiger Marsden experiment
27
what is the principal quantum number?
the orientation of the sub-orbital
s,p, d or f orbital
the shell of the orbital
the direction of electron spin
28
what is the difference between prefix per and hypo
highest and lowest oxidation states
most and least added hydrogens
added oxygens on non polyatomic atoms
with and without sulfur
29
Pressure=
force times area
force divided by area
area
force
30
name PBr5
phosphorus pentabromide
phosphorus pentabromine
phosphorus (5) bromide
phosphate pentabromide
31
________ are made up of molecules which are in constant straight line motion
forces
covalent bonds
gases
compounds
32
what is not a form of kinetic energy?
rotational
teleportional
translational
vibrational
33
6 bonds, 0 lone pairs
octahedral
octohedral
Trigonal six
hexahedral
34
Electrons change from one allowed energy to a higher one by __________ energy
eliminating
absorbing
releasing
creating
35
A dipole-dipole bond is short-lived
True
False
36
Daltons atomic theory- Elements are made of
atoms- particles too small to see
atoms- from the periodic table
atoms- a dimensionless point
37
What is the boiling point of molecules attached with weak london force.
Hiiiigh
Lowwww
38
What are the constants in Boyles law
V,n
T,n
T
P,n
39
Intramolecular forces
are what hold atoms together within a molecule.
True
False
40
what hapens when you remove an oxygen from chlorate
still chlorate...
chlorite
perchlorate
hypochlorite
41
what is the macroscopic definition of plasma?
indefinite shape, definite volume, takes shape of bottom of the container
indefinite shape, indefinite volume, releases EMR, behave like gases
definite shape, definite volume, rigid shape, difficult to compress
indefinite shape, indefinite volume, difficult to compress
42
Gay-Lussac's Gas Law
P1/T1=P2/T2
V1/T1=V2/T2
P1xV1=P2xV2
assumes isobaric
43
Name the different series
Paschen, Balmer, Lyman, Bracket
Lyman, Balmer, Paschen, Bracket
Lyman, Paschen, Balmer, Bracket
Balmer, Bracket, Lynman, Paschen
44
what is NOT an element involved in hydrogen bonding?
O
F
N
C
45
what the volume of a mole at SATP
100000000
24.8
20.1
22.7
46
what assumption is NOT made in limiting/excess calculations
100% yield
1:1 molecular ratio
all reagents are 100% pure
No side reactions consume any reactatnts
47
what reaction is endothermic
making ice cubes
reaction with strong acid and water
baking bread
burning a candle
48
What orbital is in this photo?
dxz
dx2-y2
dyz
dyx
49
Daltons atomic theory- Atoms CAN be
combined
destroyed
created
subdivided
50
Intermolecular forces
are the forces that act between neighbouring _____________in either a pure substance or mixture.
atoms
molecules
electrons
ions
51
convert 2.55cm to micrometers
2.55x10(6) micrometers
2.55x10(-2) micrometers
2.55x10(-4) micrometers
2.55x10(4) micrometers
52
what is the SI prefix for tera, mega, and milli
10(12), 10(6), 10(-3)
10(18), 10(6), 10(-9)
10(12), 10(3), 10(-9)
10(9), 10(6), 10(-6)
53
Zinc Bromide
ZnBr
ZnBr2
Zn2Br
BrZn
54
According to Plato, what shape was air? (elementa)
tetrahedron
octahedron
cube
icosohedron
55
name for HCl
hydrogen chloride
hydrochloric acid
bichloric acid
perhydrogen monochloride
56
Stationary orbits are associated with specific energies called orbitals?
True
False
57
what kind of reaction is this
endothermic
exothermic
58
what does the prefix hydro mean?
adding hydrogen atoms (not polyatomic)
lowest oxidation state
acids only
highest oxydation state
59
what is this an example of?
electronic configuration
quantum numbers
nomenclature
orbital diagram
60
Bohr's postulates- The electron can maintain a stable orbit around the nucleus without_______________. Discrete distance
rotating
losing energy
creating dipoles
radiating any energy
61
Definition of potential energy
arrangement into an ideal bond length
the energy of motion
E=mc2
the energy of position within a field
62
What orbital is in the photo?
dyz
dyx
dx2-y2
dx2
63
What did the quantum mechanical model NOT theoize?
probability of finding the electron in a region of space (orbital)
nucleus accounts for over 99.99+% of the volume of any atom
nucleus accounts for over 99.99+% of the mass of any atom
electrons considered to be wave/particles
64
what is the volume of a mole at STP?
24.8
22.7
65
Ionization energy is the desire an atom has for electrons.
False
True
66
How did Aristotle categorize air?
cold and wet
hot and wet
hot and dry
cold and dry
67
what is this orbital?
duuuuuuuuuude
dyz
dyx
dxz
68
What is accuracy?
a perfect observation
imprecision
the repeatability of results
results that closely resemble reality
69
3 bonds, 2 lone pairs
T-shape
peinguins
Trigonal bipyramidal
Triangle
70
I perchloric acid is HClO4, what is chloric acid
HClO3
HClO
HClO-1
HClO5
71
Daltons atomic theory- Atoms of different elements can combine in simple
bonds
whole number ratios
molecules
syrup
72
what is the third step of the scientific method
based on patterns, develop theories
based on observatons, determine patterns
form a conclusion
test theory with a controlled experiment
73
Isobaric means constant pressure (Charles)
True
False
74
what is H2PO4 -1 called? (POLYATONIC ION)
dihydrogen phosphide
dihydrogen phosphate
hydrophosphoric acid
phosphoric acid
75
Bi2S3
Bismuth (2) sulphide
Tribismuth disulphide
bismuth (3) sulphide
Bismuth sulphate
76
What was a flaw in Rutherfords theory?
predicted EMR emmisions from accelerating orbiting electrons
predicted neutrons were inside the nucleus and protons were outside
didn't explain the emission spectrum from observed elements
didn't explain the correlation between atoms and the planetary system
77
what is the definition of chemistry?
a method for understanding the world around us
a branch of science that deals with matter and energy
mixing together substances to form new substances
the study of microscopic things
78
How does a person properly observe?
reading the textbook
using tools and 5 senses
determine patterns
looking at details
79
what prefix is added when an oxygen is replaces with a sulfur
sulfate
thio
si
per
80
What did Rutherford learn from this experiment?
alpha partices can pass through gold foil and reflect as expected
energy shells
There is a NUCLEUS!
electrons do not exist
81
Pressure is due to ___________ of gas particles and the container walls
bonds
compression
collisions
waves
82
what is the weakest of the intermolecular forces?
hydrogen bonding
dipole-dipole
London force
covalent bond
83
what is not matter?
something that occupies space
gas, liquid, solid, plasma
energy
something with a rest mass
84
"like dissolves like" refers to
elements from the same family only
Bonds- covalent, ionic..
size and shape
Polarity + H bonding
85
How do you describe matter microscopically?
proximity (touching), level of KE, amount of atoms
unitary rate values
shape, volume, compressibility, shape of container
proximity (touching), level of KE, level of randomness
86
what is the electronic configuration of sulphur
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p4
1s2 2s2 2p3
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6
1s2 2s2 3s2 3p6 4s1
87
what is the equation to find the volume?
V=nT/RP
V=nR/PT
V-nRT/P
V=nPR/T
88
what is not an accepted result of a controlled experiment?
TRASH the theory
change/ alter the theory
support the theory
prove the theory
89
and whats HClO?
hypochlorous acid
dihydrogen chlorate
hydrochloric acid
chloric acid
90
what is the last quantum no. for oxygen
(2, 1, 1, 1/2)
(2, 1, -1, -1/2)
(2, 0, 1, -1/2)
(2, 1, 0, 1/2)
