You see a female VP being pushy/aggressive, and then assume all female VPs are this way, which

demonstrates an illusory correlation

A valid test is one that...

measures what it is supposed to measure

The facial feedback hypothesis suggests that...

you can affect how you feel by making a certain expression

According to the medical model...

abnormal behavior can be thought of as a disease

When a choice must be made between two unattractive goals, you are experiencing...

an avoidance-avoidance conflict

how alternatives in a decision problem are presented

The superego is Freud's term for...

the moral component of personality

A perceptual set implies that...

people often see what they expect to see

In Milgram's study of obedience, subjects...

were ordered to deliver painful shocks to a stranger

Freud concluded that psychological disturbances are largely caused by...

personal conflicts existing at the unconscious level

What is cognitive dissonance?

a state of tension produced by inconsistent cognitions

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Duplicate of AP Psychology - AP Exam Review

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A basic review over all material covered in AP Psychology used to prepare for the AP Exam.

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Questions 150

Answers

1
You see a female VP being pushy/aggressive, and then assume all female VPs are this way, which
a self-serving attribution
a heuristic observation
demonstrates an illusory correlation
a contravened stereotype
2
Multiple-choice tests use what measure of memory?
recognition
relearning
reiteration
recall
3
Which of the following does not belong with the other three?
thyroid
pituitary
gonads
thalamus
4
Rehearsal is most beneficial for maintaining information in _______ memory.
sensory
short-term
long-term
intermediate-term
5
If two sounds vary in frequency they are perceived as differing in...
timbre
loudness
pitch
decibels
6
A valid test is one that...
measures what it is supposed to measure
is reliable
is consistent
has been standardized but not normed
7
The facial feedback hypothesis suggests that...
a facial expression is just a sign of internal feelings
the internal state causes the facial expression
other people can identify your emotions by your expressions
you can affect how you feel by making a certain expression
8
Who is responsible for establishing psychology as an independent discipline?
William James
G. Stanley Hall
Rene Decartes
Wilhelm Wundt
9
The school of psychology associated with understanding the purpose of behavior is...
functionalism
neodynamism
psychoanalysis
behaviorism
10
According to the medical model...
all physical illnesses have a psychological component
all mental illnesses can be treated using drugs
abnormal behavior can be thought of as a disease
all mental illnesses are caused by biological factors
11
The process of pushing distressing thoughts into the unconscious and keeping them there is...
repression
suppression
neurogenic amnesia
avoidance
12
When a choice must be made between two unattractive goals, you are experiencing...
an approach-approach conflict
a risk-aversion conflict
an avoidance-avoidance conflict
an approach-avoidance conflict
13
Five-year-old Bob washes his bike after seeing his father was his car, demonstrating...
classical conditioning
superstitious behavior
observational learning
positive reinforcement
14
Framing refers to...
structuring decision problems so they lead to poor decisions
presenting only part of the information required
presenting irrelevant information
how alternatives in a decision problem are presented
15
According to Freud, nail-biting may be evidence of fixation at the _____ stage of development.
latency
anal
genital
oral
16
Free association and dream analysis were held to be major methods to discover the makeup of...
the unconscious
irrational thoughts
maladaptive behaviors
the conscious
17
A person who loses memories of events that occur following a head injury is experiencing...
pseudoforgetting
retroactive interference
retrograde amnesia
anterograde amnesia
18
The superego is Freud's term for...
the mediating agent between the id and ego
the moral component of personality
the conscious aspect of personality
the biological impulses that drive behavior
19
The production of speech is controlled by which area of the frontal lobe?
Sperry's area
Broca's area
Cannon's area
Wernicke's area
20
A father suggests that his son's low marks are due to the child's laziness. He has made...
a distinctive attribution
a situational attribution
an external attribution
an internal attribution
21
Substances such as viruses and drugs that can harm a developing fetus are known as...
pathogens
opiates
teratogens
prenatals
22
The idea that we should pay back in kind what we receive from others is known as the..
the principle of collectivism
the reciprocity norm
the law of cognitive dissonance
display rules
23
Watson defined psychology as the scientific study of...
the brain
the unconscious
behavior
conscious experience
24
Which type of data collection is the best for studying attitudes?
direct observation
physiological recordings
questionnaires
psychological tests
25
Yielding to real or imagined social pressure defines...
obedience
cognitive dissonance
conformity
groupthink
26
The process of selectively reinforcing responses that are closer to the desired response is..
selection
step-wise conditioning
shaping
stimulus discrimination
27
Homeostasis is a state of...
physiological instability
psychological stability
psychological instability
physiological stability
28
A person who perceives stimuli that aren't there is said to have...
illusions
obsessions
hallucinations
delusions
29
Which of the following is not one of the intelligence types described by Gardner?
spatial
musical
logical-mathemathical
mechanical
30
A perceptual set implies that...
visual perception is based on bottom-up processing
people often see what they expect to see
the focused-attention stage of processing is overridden
feature analysis is a "hard-wired" process
31
What appears to be responsible for regulating circadian rhythm?
exposure to light
amount of time alseep
cultural practices
amount of time awake
32
The awareness of self, your thoughts, internal sensations and external stimuli is defined as...
sensation
hypnosis
perception
consciousness
33
The largely unconscious reactions used to protect us from guilt and anxiety are known as...
coping mechanisms
offense mechanisms
id mechanisms
defense mechanisms
34
Unusually vivid and detailed recollections of momentous events are called...
non-declarative memories
flashbulb memories
sensory memories
episodic memories
35
The gate-control theory suggests that incoming pain sensations may be blocked at the...
thalamus
spinal cord
location of injury
cortex
36
Which type of intelligence involves the ability to apply acquired knowledge in problem solving?
crystallized
procedural
episodic
fluid
37
Jay used to say "mikk", but now says "milk" properly, meaning he has made gains in the use of..
syntax
linguistic heuristics
morphemes
phonemes
38
In Milgram's study of obedience, subjects...
indicated which of 3 lines matched the "standard line"
were put into a simulated prison
became the recipient of painful electric shocks
were ordered to deliver painful shocks to a stranger
39
Aggression is often a behavioral response to stressors involving...
change
conflict
pressure
frustration
40
Inferences that people draw about the causes of their and other's behavior are known as..
self-serving bias
stereotypes
attributions
prejudices
41
Freud concluded that psychological disturbances are largely caused by...
conflicts between unconscious desires and environment
personal conflicts existing at the unconscious level
unrealistic demands from family/friends
genetic dispositions to behave in a particular way
42
The registration of sensory input without conscious awareness refers to
a just noticeable difference
subliminal perception
a superimposed stimulus
a false alarm
43
If you suffer from depression, which type of psychologists would be of the most help to you?
a developmental psychologist
a forensic psychologist
a clinical psychologist
a social psychologist
44
The amygdala plays a role in the modulation of which emotion?
happiness
fear
sadness
surprise
45
The wavelength of light mainly affects our perception of...
brightness
saturation
color
light purity
46
Which technique would be most useful for locating specific neurotransmitters in the brain?
magnetic resonance imaging
computerized tomography
electrographic tomography
positron emission tomography
47
The gambler's fallacy reflects the influence of the...
availability heuristic
law of small numbers
representativeness heuristic
conjunction heuristic
48
What is cognitive dissonance?
occurs only when cognitions are unrelated
feeling of discomfort experienced by receivers of persuasion
a state of tension produced by inconsistent cognitions
feelings of guilt produced by acting against your conscience
49
Which of the following is not a common effect of hypnosis?
resistance to pain
reduction of inhibitions
hallucinations
total loss of personal control
50
Which of the following is not a characteristic of antisocial personality disorder?
manipulative behavior
excessive guilt
social charm
aggressiveness
51
A personality measure that asks you to respond freely to an ambiguous stimulus (ex. inkblot) is
a deceptive test
a projective test
a self-report inventory
a behavior rating
52
If a teacher gives an exam with questions that were not covered in class, the test lacks..
content validity
predictive validity
criterion-related validity
standardized validity
53
PTSD is an example of what kind of disorder?
anxiety
personality
schizophrenic
mood
54
Putting group goals ahead of personal goals & defining one's identity in terms of the group is
collectivism
individualism
functionalism
attributionism
55
The function of sensory memory is to...
hold the immediate perception of what was perceived
put information into long-term memory
hold sensory impressions long enough for transfer
hold information for a lifetime
56
Anhedonia is when a person...
experiences mild manic states
has trouble getting along with people
has difficulty experiencing pleasure
has two different psychological disorders
57
We often perceive a series of dots as a "solid" line because of the Gestalt principle of...
closure
similiarity
symmetry
constancy
58
An antagonist...
prevents reuptake of neurotransmitters
extends the absolute refractory period
blocks the action of neurotransmitters
mimics the action of a neurotransmitter
59
The EEG pattern associated with normal, waking, alert states is...
delta
beta
alpha
gamma
60
Most explanations for the Flynn effect revolve around...
group differences in basic intelligence
genetic influences on IQ
changes in testing procedures
a variety of environmental factors
61
The idea that dreams are the cortex's attempt to make sense of general firing of the brain is..
activation-synthesis theory
wish fulfillment theory
None of the Above
problem-solving theory
62
The most optimistic view of human nature is found in the ________ approach.
humanistic
psychoanalytic
behavioral
cognitive
63
What is not a characteristic of groupthink?
gathering all the relevant information (pros & cons)
censoring dissent from group members
dividing the world into the ingroup & outgroup
censoring information that contradicts the group's views
64
In relation to age, which of the following does not belong with the others?
autonomy vs. shame & doubt
formal operations
development of secondary sex characteristics
post-conventional moral reasoning
65
Alice has a dog phobia, and is being told to completely relax and imagine a dog. This is...
avoidance therapy
aversion therapy
psychotherapy
systematic desensitization
66
If the occipital lobe is stimulated, the person would be most likely to report...
seeing a flash of light
moving a part of his body
hearing a sound
smelling an odor
67
The gradual disappearance of an operant response that is no longer being reinforced is called..
conditioned forgetting
extinction
spontaneous remission
unconditioning
68
Conditioned taste aversions represent an unusual or atypical example of...
operant conditioning
classical conditioning
punishment
observational learning
69
A stimulus evokes a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus in...
state-dependent learning
operant conditioning
classical conditioning
observational learning
70
The tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon can best be described as an instance of...
complete retrieval failure
complete storage failure
partial retrieval
partial storage
71
Which of the following statements is the best example of telegraphic speech?
give cookie
cookie
I eated a cookie
i wanted a cookie
72
Tension reduction is the goal of which motivational theory?
evolutionary theory
incentive theory
instinct theory
drive theory
73
If a psychological test intends to tell you how you score relative to others, they must develop
test levels
test norms
test scores
test scales
74
According to the notion of semantic networks, which word pair should be linked most closely?
boat-goat
tree-bird
fill-feed
car-nose
75
A worker who is paid every Friday for completing his 40-hour work week is being paid on a...
fixed-ratio schedule
fixed-interval schedule
variable-interval schedule
variable-ratio schedule
76
The minimum length of time between action potentials is determined by...
the absolute refractory period
transduction incapacity
the relative threshold period
transduction capacity
77
Which of the following disorders/issues would be least likely to be treated by a psychiatrist?
bipolar disorder
marital problems
anxiety disorders
schizophrenia
78
According to the James-Lange theory, one's conscious experience of emotion occurs..
simultaneously with autonomic arousal
after autonomic arousal
before autonomic arousal
independently of autonomic arousal
79
Depression is an example of a _____ mood disorder.
bipolar
dissociative
cyclical
unipolar
80
When Bob hits his thumb with a hammer, the sensation will be transmitted to the CNS by...
autonomic nerves
sympathetic nerves
afferent nerves
efferent nerves
81
The structure of the ear that transduces sound vibrations into nerve impulses is the...
cochlea
stirrup
temporal lobe
oval window
82
In which level of processing is an emphasis placed on the sounds of words?
platonic
phonemic
morphemic
mnemonic
83
A drug that depresses central nervous system activity is referred to as...
a narcotic
a sedative
a hallucinogen
an amphetamine
84
Mary Ainsworth's strategy for studying infant attachment is known as the __________ procedure.
strange situation
attachment probing
shared inhibition
secure-avoidant
85
Severing the reticular formation in cats caused them to
become aggressive
remain in continuous sleep
become fearful/cautious
remain in continuous wakefulness
86
The test you are currently taking is an example of what kind of test?
a personality test
an intelligence test
an aptitude test
an achievement test
87
After having his first ice cream cone yesterday, Dave keeps asking for ice cream, demonstrating
overextension
metalinguistic awareness
fast-mapping
semantic slanting
88
The sickly child who becomes a forceful, physically active adult demonstrates what Adler called
regression
displacement
fixation
compensation
89
An electroencephalograph is used in sleep research to measure brain-wave activity in the...
hypothalamus
cerebral cortex
medulla
corpus callosum
90
Although Sheri falls asleep easily, she has difficulty remaining asleep. Sheri suffers from..
narcolepsy
sleep apnea
insomnia
pseudoinsomnia
91
In order for a memory to be stored, it must first be..
encoded
ablated
retrieved
modeled
92
Dave washes his hands 50 times a day, even when they're not dirty. This is an example of..
a delusion
a phobia
an obsession
a compulsion
93
If you were awakened during REM sleep, you would probably report that you had...
a headache
not really been asleep
not been dreaming
been dreaming
94
Destroying part of the brain tissue to observe its effect on behavior is referred to as...
ESB
tumor ligation
stereotaxic inversion
lesioning
95
Diffusion of responsibility refers to the...
loss of identity one experiences in mob violence
halo effect in aggression
assumption others will take responsibility;bystander effect
basis for performing pro-social behavior
96
Expectations about what is appropriate behavior for each sex most accurately describes...
gender stereotypes
gender behaviors
gender differences
gender roles
97
The structure that controls the size of the pupil is the...
lens
iris
vitreous humor
cornea
98
Cultural norms that determine which facial expressions are appropriate for what occasions are..
display rules
investment differentiations
social scripts
parental investments
99
The ability to generate ideas that are original, novel, and useful defines...
insight
reasoning
creativity
intelligence
100
Failure to actively seek out contrary evidence may lead to...
the gambler's fallacy
the conjunction fallacy
overestimating the improbable
the confirmation bias
101
The ability to rapidly process words in reading depends most on...
lateral processing
bottom-up processing
bottom-to-top processing
top-down processing
102
The area of psychology referring to mental processes or thinking is known as...
introspection
intelligence
cognition
mentalism
103
Focusing awareness on a narrowed range of stimuli or events defines...
perception
sensation
attention
processing
104
Negative reinforcement involves...
the removal of a pleasant stimulus
the presentation of an unpleasant stimulus
the presentation of a pleasant stimulus
the removal of an unpleasant stimulus
105
Prejudice is to discrimination as...
behavior is to motive
thought is to perception
attitude is to action
feeling is to thinking
106
According to the five-factor model, people who score _____ tend to be trusting and cooperative.
low in extraversion
low in openness
high in agreeableness
high in neuroticism
107
The hypothalamus communicates with the endocrine system by way of the..
sebaceous gland
pancreas
thyroid gland
pituitary gland
108
What is somnambulism?
difficulty remaining asleep
difficulty breathing when asleep
sleep-talking
sleep-walking
109
The assumption of a preoperational child that a car is moving because she is in it demonstrates
conservation
reversibility
egocentrism
centration
110
The fundamental attribution error leads observers to attribute crime in poor neighborhoods to..
the personal qualities of the residents
poor police protection
job discrimination experienced by the residents
crowded living conditions
111
When people overestimate the frequency of violent crimes because these events are on TV, they..
are using the availability heuristic
are using the representativeness heuristic
use the elimination by aspects strategy
use a holistic decision model
112
Your GPA is an example of which measure of central tendency?
median
mean
mode
midpoint
113
The characteristic mood, activity level, and emotional reactivity of an infant is their...
personality
attachment
behavioral quality
temperament
114
If a dog salivates to a blue light but not a yellow light, the dog is demonstrating...
stimulus discrimination
spontaneous recovery
stimulus generalization
conditioned emotional reactions
115
The decrease in individual effort exerted by group members when working together on a task is..
social loafing
group polarization
conformity
deindividuation
116
Sleep spindles are characteristic of which stage of the sleep cycle?
stage 2
stage 4
REM
stage 1
117
Classical conditioning could account for how a child learns to...
sing a song
fear the dark
print letters
tie shoe laces
118
Hadley uses ____ to relieve the symptoms of her glaucoma and relax her.
cocaine
mescaline
marijuana
heroin
119
The minimum stimulus intensity of any sensory input that an organism can detect is called the..
absolute threshold
sensory memory
subliminal threshold
just noticeable difference
120
Which statistical method is used to determine the reliability of a test?
correlation coefficients
means
percentiles
standard deviation
121
Cohort effects are most closely associated with which research design?
time of testing
sequential
longitundinal
cross-sectional
122
In Pavlov's experiment, the unconditioned stimulus was the...
light
food/meat powder
tone
salivation
123
The sensory receptors for smell are referred to as...
smell buds
sciatic receptors
olfactory cilia
gustatory bulbs
124
Learning that is not apparent from behavior when it first occurs is known as...
latent learning
classical conditioning
operant conditioning
insight learning
125
____ measure general mental ability while ___ measure various aspects of people (values, etc).
standardized; intelligence
intelligence; personality
intelligence; standardized
personality; standardized
126
A rat learns to press a bar to turn off an electric shock. This is an example of...
avoidance learning
positive reinforcement
escape learning
an unconditioned response
127
At which stage do people use a personal code of ethics to guide their moral reasoning?
concrete
conventional
postconventional
preconventional
128
The Binet-Simon scale of intelligence expressed a child's score in terms of...
IQ
a percentile score
mental age
a potential score
129
Slot machines increase gambling behavior through the use of...
an intermittent reinforcement schedule
a short-delay reinforcement schedule
a continuous reinforcement schedule
a non-contingent reinforcement schedule
130
Voluntary responses come to be controlled by their consequences in what type of learning?
operant conditioning
classical conditioning
reinforcement
observational learning
131
Potty training is a key challenge in which of Erikson's stages of development?
initiative vs. guilt
industry vs. inferiority
trust vs. mistrust
autonomy vs. shame & doubt
132
People who have hormonal imbalances have problems with their...
leftbrain/right brain communication
limbic system
reticular formation
endocrine system
133
During the sensorimotor stage of cognitive development, a child experiences the world through..
physical interaction
abstract operations
systematic hypothesis testing
logical reasoning
134
Which brain structure is most closely related to regulating emotions?
reticular formation
limbic system
cerebellum
brainstem
135
In experiments, subjects that receive special treatment are known as...
the experimental group
the correlational group
the control group
the observational group
136
The deepest level of processing which involves emphasizing the meaning of words is known as...
dyadic encoding
the semantic level of encoding
attention encoding
the triarchic level of encoding
137
Which of the following is a mood disorder?
bipolar disorder
conversion disorder
fugue
panic disorder
138
The last are of the brain to fully mature in late adolescence or early adulthood is the...
medulla
prefrontal cortex
hypothalamus
occipital cortex
139
Reliability refers to the _______ of a measuring device, such as a test.
predictability
representativeness
accuracy of inference
consistency
140
The neurotransmitter associated with schizophrenia is...
endorphin
acetylcholine
serotonin
dopamine
141
In the Little Albert experiment, the conditioned stimulus was the...
rat
rabbit
loud noise
fear reaction
142
The chemicals that are secreted from the terminal buttons into the synapse are...
antagonists
neurotransmitters
action potentials
agonists
143
A student's organized set of expectations on how a professor should act is an example of a..
semantic network
script
schema
chunk
144
What kind of validity do the ACT and SAT strive for?
construct
content
absolute
criterion-related
145
If Jane used an external attribution to explain why her son got into a fight, she would say...
he can't help himself since he doesn't have self-control
he's just like his father
he always gets in fights
the other boy started it and he was defending himself
146
Learning to crawl is an example of which motor development sequence?
the proximodistal trend
the cephalopedal trend
encephalitis
the cephalocaudal trend
147
The structure that connects the two hemispheres of the brain is called the...
corpus callosum
parietal lobe
thalamus
pineal gland
148
Common side effects of ____ include mood swings, aggression, and impaired mental functioning.
sedatives
alcohol
cannabis
narcotics
149
The hypothalamus influences or regulates all of the following except...
the endocrine system
the autonomic nervous system
feeding
memory
150
Widely held beliefs about groups of people based on their group membership defines...
schematizing
cognitive structuring
cultural direction
stereotypes

Duplicate of AP Psychology - AP Exam Review Flashcards | StudBud