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AP Human Geography Final Exam Review Flashcards | StudBud
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AP Human Geography Final Exam Review
AP Human Geography Final Exam Review
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1
a rectangular pop. pyramid tells you that the population of that country is -
growing slightly, but staying mostly steady
growing rapidly
falling slightly, but mostly staying steady
falling rapidly
2
To support a prosperous economy, places need roads, buildings, power, sewage, and water. These are examples of
Infrastructure
Non-material culture
Ecumene
Demographics
3
Which of the following microloans would be most beneficial to women in the long-term?
loan to help a textile factory in Bangladesh expand
loan to help a toy factory in Vietnam meet health standards
loan to help start a rice farm in China that employs women
loan to help a woman start a small business in rural Pakistan
4
The Industrial Rev is credited as the principal cause of population growth at which stage of the DTM?
Stage 4
Stage 2
Stage 1
Stage 3
5
What term do geographers use to refer to place names?
Symbols
Assimilation
Toponyms
Syncretism
6
Which of these industries is the least influenced by transportation costs according to Weber's Theory?
customer service call centers
copper refinement
soft drink bottling
ethanol production
7
Which statement is the MOST accurate when describing universalizing religions?
They are the oldest type of religion in human history
They appeal to one specific group of people
They are located in one specific place
They are practiced in many regions of the world
8
The Columbian Exchange, in which plants and animals were transported to new continents, was what type of diffusion?
reverse hierarchical
stimulus
relocation
contagious
9
US immigration policy has often given priority to immigrants with family in the U.S. That promotes
chain migration
transnational migration
step migration
internal migration
10
According to Weber's model of industrial location, a steel mill would be typically located
next to an airport
next to raw materials
in a city
next to a shipping port
11
Which of the following can be used to measure the level of development of a country?
Gross National Income
Life expectancy
Literacy Rates
all of the above
12
Which of the following explains why, as countries develop, fewer people work in the indicated economic sector
tertiary; the need for services is greater in poor countries
primary; a country's natural resources are used up as it develops
primary; because technology makes these jobs more efficient
secondary; developing countries send manufacturing overseas
13
What might the USDA say about the size of farms in the United States today?
farms in the US are bigger and number of farms is increasing
Farms in the US are fewer in number and bigger in size
total farmland in the US is not changing
total farmland in the US is increasing
14
Edge cities typically grow on the border of large urban centers at points near what factor?
major roads and airports
sports and recreation centers
electrical and nuclear power plants
schools and universities
15
According to classic bid-rent curve, what happens to land value as it gets closer to the city?
land gets more affordable in the outer rings
land gets more expensive closer to the city
land gets used extensively for transportation services
land gets more affordable along busy streets
16
What language family likely spread from the Caucasus region (around the Caspian Sea) into Europe & South Asia?
Uralic
Sino-Tibetan
Indo-European
Afro-Asiatic
17
As textile manufacturers look to reduce costs, why would they be located in LDCs?
factory located in an area with inexpensive labor cost
factory close to raw materials
factory located near large market areas
factory located in areas with cheap transportation routes
18
In the Von Thunen model, which is the correct order of agricultural land use traveling outward from the market center?
Livestock, milk, wheat
Vegetables, forest, milk
Wheat, livestock, milk
Milk, forest, wheat
19
Which order follows the Concentric Zone Model pattern from inner ring to the outer ring?
CBD, Mixed Use, New Development, suburban CBD
Mixed residential, middle class, CBD, commuters
CBD, Working Class, Mixed Use, Commuters
CBD, zone of transition, working class, middle class, commuters
20
Which of the following in NOT a likely government response to an aging population?
increasing taxes to pay for pensions
providing jobs for people over 65 to get work
decreasing taxes on the workforce
raising the retirement age
21
What trend in today's global industrial distribution does the political cartoon depict?
return of Chinese & Indian factories back to their countries
Chinese & Indian migrant workers returning home to new jobs
Outsourcing/offshoring of US factories & jobs to China/India
Trade laws banning India & China from investing in the US
22
The process in which wealthy people move into formerly poor neighborhoods as they undergo urban renewal is called
Block busting
White flight
Gentrification
Urbanization
23
Which theorist believed that pandemics are a good thing because they limit population growth?
Alfred Weber
Esther Boserup
Thomas Malthus
Von Thunen
24
Which of the following is an underlying assumption of the Von Thunen Model of rural land use?
Farmers act under a profit-driven mindset
The city was completely surrounded by water
Arid climates dominated the outer rings
The soil quality changed for each ring
25
_____ are people who have left their residence out of fear/danger but have not left their own country.
refugees
undocumented immigrants
internally displaced persons
asylum seekers
26
Which stage of the DTM features a high birth rate, high death rate, and low population growth?
Stage I
Stage IV
Stage II
Stage III
27
Fundamental principle of the Sector Model is based on what?
Development is structured among the CBD
Development is centered around transportation routes
Development is based on amenities
Development is based on locations of businesses
28
The concept of outsourcing is becoming more important. All of these are characteristics EXCEPT
cheaper labor costs
policies to attract investment in SEZ's/EPZ's
fewer environmental regulations
strong labor unions in developing countries
29
in Central Place Theory, the threshold of a service is determined by what factor?
the market area of a service
the minimum number of people to support a service
the maximum distance people are willing to go for a service
the amount of nodal areas in a Central Place Theory
30
Which is an example of hierarchical diffusion?
The spread of ideas on the world wide web
Hip-hop spreading from inner cities to mainstream culture in the US
Buddhist ideology spreading through the Indian subcontinent
Influenza spreading throughout South America
31
Which info would be MOST useful in determining which stage a country would be in on the DTM?
literacy rate
total fertility rate
maternal mortality rate
GDP per capita
32
Doubling time is -
crude death rate - crude birth rate (per 1000)
crude birth rate - crude death rate (per 1000)
dependent on patterns of immigration and emigration
time it takes for pop. to double if growth remains constant
33
Based on the theory of distance decay and the gravity model, a resident of London is MOST likely to migrate to ...
Johannesburg, South Africa
Shanghai, China
Paris, France
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
34
The most noticeable geographic trend in the last 30 yrs regarding the world's most populated cities
Most of the top 20 cities are in LDCs
Most of the top 20 cities are in Africa
most of top 20 cities are in MDCs
larger percentage of top 20 cities are in Europe
35
Permanent members of the United Nation's Security Council include all of the following EXCEPT
United Kingdom
Russia
Japan
China
36
Which of the following most accurately describes the Human Development Index (HDI)
composite of per capita income, infrastructure, corruption
composite of life expectancy, education, per capita income
composite of life expectancy, pollution, infrastructure
composite of per capita income, education, infrastructure
37
All of the following statements are criticisms of suburban sprawl in the US EXCEPT:
it contributes to the destruction of prime agricultural land
it creates higher energy costs
it is a tax burden from increased infrastructure costs
it reduces commute times
38
Which is NOT a characteristic of popular culture as defined by human geographers?
It is media driven
It is most commonly found in remote regions
It is widespread
It includes traits that change often
39
Form of govt which exists when states have multiple layers of government allowing for more localized regional control
Unitary
Federalism
Authoritarianism
Republic
40
Ethnic religions tend to be found mostly near their hearth. Which religion is NOT typical of this?
Buddhism
Judaism
Shintoism
Hinduism
41
Demographic Transition Model uses 3 stats when analyzing population trends: which one is NOT used
death rates
age - sex ratios
birth rates
natural increase rates
42
Food preferences reveal culture. Hindus don't eat ___, Muslims don't eat ___.
beef; pork
chicken; beef
pork; beef
pork; shrimp
43
One of the most important foundations a country needs is infrastructure. Which is an example?
roads and bridges
electric power grids
schools
water and sewer systems
44
Which of these has contributed the MOST to Mexico's development over the past 20 years?
rise in the price of petroleum and gold
increase in maize and other vegetable exports
NAFTA, USMCA, and maquiladoras
increase in American and international tourism
45
Friction of distance (the cost of distance decay) can be a centrifugal force. To combat this, a government may fund
an educational campaign to address uneven development
a high speed railway
new street signs in multiple languages
a non-governmental organization to address religious differences
46
To participate in international trade, a country must identify which industries it can best compete in. This is part of
Least cost Theory
Comparative advantage
Post Fordism
Supranationalism
47
World Systems Theory: Core countries dominate the world's economy today due to past
outsourcing of labor
industrialization
colonization & imperialism
urbanization
48
What are the policies enacted to combat suburban sprawl and encourage sustainable development in cities called?
Zoning ordinances
Smart growth
Urban renewal
Community Reinvestment Act
49
Which is true of Rostow's take-off stage in his model of economic development?
Countries in Stage 5 experience deindustrialization
Globalization will slow down growth of developing countries
External demand for raw material drives growth in Stage 4
Foreign investment is required for growth in Stage 2
50
Since WWII many industries have moved to the southern US. All of these were factors EXCEPT
Strong labor unions in the South
Southern states' 'right to work' laws
Affordable land
Government incentives
51
The practice of shifting cultivation would most likely be found where?
Afghanistan
Egypt
Indonesia
Germany
52
Who developed Central Place Theory?
Alfred Weber
Walter Christaller
Walt Rostow
Ernest Burgess
53
What do the UN, NATO, EU, ASEAN, and the African Union have in common?
they are all non-governmental organizations
they are all military alliances
they are all multinational corporations
they are all supranational organizations
54
What happens in Stage 2 of the DTM?
CDR drops significantly, as crude birth rate remains high
total population growth stabilizes
CBR and CDR change proportionally
CBR drops significantly, as crude death rate slightly declines
55
This image represents
ethnic enclave
ethnic separatism
ethnic exclave
ethnic segregation
56
The hearth of the Industrial Revolution was
Great Britain
Germany
United States
Japan
57
Which industry locates close to the market to minimize transportation cost of heavy products
weight reducing industries
primary industries
tertiary industries
weight gaining industries
58
Which of the following is the MOST accurate definition of ethnicity?
people with common identity and cultural traditions
feeling of nationalism within a group of people
biological characteristics of a group of people
group of people with common language
59
All of the following are reasons governments would make policies to restrict immigration EXCEPT
they don't want immigrants to take already limited jobs
they fear immigrants will bring new diseases
immigrants may force countries to experience brain drain
they perceive immigrants as a threat to culture
60
the economic and political relationships that organize all stages of food production for commercial purposes
Bioengineering
Farming subsidies
Genetically modified organisms
Agribusiness
61
Stage 5 was added to the DTM to reflect
impact of emigration on declining populations in LDCs
declining population in some developed countries
impact of immigration on growth of MDCs
rapid growth of some countries in Africa and South Asia
62
Forced sterilization, family planning education, and state-sponsored contraceptives are all examples of
pro-natalism
eugenic policies
strict natalism
anti-natalism
63
Drawing of internal political districts to benefit a political party
Gerrymandering
Stacked voting
Redlining
Blockbusting
64
Which of the descriptions most accurately captures the process of globalization?
decline of communications technologies
loss of interconnectedness between places
spread of cultural heterogeneity/increase in local distinctiveness
acceleration of interdependence across national borders
65
It is agreed that the current trend in voluntary migration is caused by
educational opportunities available on the internet
political instability in the neighboring countries
increasing economic opportunities in urban areas
chain migration over international borders