Ch. 2 A&P Part 1 Review

____ are the simplest types of matter with certain chemical properties. 92 of them are naturally occurring.

____ energy shells/inner orbits are filled first and are stable with a certain number of electrons in the outmost shell.

Electrons do not contribute to the mass of the atom because they are so light.

Products are substances formed at the end of the chemical reaction.

Where can ionizing radiation be found?

___ consist of a central nucleus (protons & neutrons) and electrons in a constant motion around the nucleus.

All ____ structures are chemicals and all ____ processes are based on chemical reactions.

Substances that can release ions that can combine with hydrogen ions.

What is an anion?

Types of electrolytes that dissociate to release hydrogen ions in water.

Elements required by the body in small amounts (such as Fe - iron)

For any element, the atomic weight is often considered the average of the mass numbers of all its isotopes.

____ are large particles; carry no electric charge.

A ___ particle is formed when 2 or more atoms chemically combine.

Alkalosis is caused by:

A _____ particle is formed when 2 or more atoms of different elements chemically combine.

Chemical compounds are chemical combinations of different elements.

______ are the smallest particles of an element that has properties of that element.

_____ are substances that release ions in water. Can conduct an electric current.

Alpha, beta & gamma are all called ___ radiation because its energy can remove electrons from atoms, resulting in ions.

What is radioactive iodine-131 sometimes used for?

Which type of bond is covalent with electrons that are NOT shared equally?

____ is biological chemistry, which studies physiological processes and disease.

____ are chemicals which act to resist pH changes; bind and release H+ ions to regulate pH.

Elements required by the body in very small amounts.

What makes up all body fluids?

Reactants are the starting materials of a chemical reaction.

Chemistry is the study of composition, properties and interaction of matter.

____ occurs when a blood pH drops to 7.0-7.3

Polar covalent bonds are found between atoms with different electronegatives.

What type of reactions occur when chemical bonds form or break between atoms, ions or molecules?

___ line between atoms mean that 1 pair of electrons are being shared. ___ lines indicate that 2 pairs are being shared.

Electrically charged atom that gains or loses electrons to become stable is an ___?

The pH scale runs from 0 to 14; each number represents a tenfold difference in H+ ion concentration.

Ionic bonds are strong chemical bonds, formed between atoms that share electrons.

What type of formulas show how atoms bond and are arranged in various molecules?

What rules apply with atomic numbers of 18 or less?

Bonds are relatively weak with slightly positive (H) end of one polar molecule to slightly negative (N/O) end.

Concentrations of acids and bases affect chemical reactions living in organisms.

____ occurs when blood pH rises to 7.5-7.8

___ have pH less than 7, ____ have pH greater than 7. pH of 7 is ___.

Electrons in the outermost shell determine whether the atom will react with other atoms to form chemical bonds.

______ formulas depict the elements present and the number of each atom present in the Molecule.

What are types of chemical reactions?

Isotopes contain different number of _____ but the same number of _____ and _____.

____ is concerned with composition of substances and how they change chemical reactions.

_____ is anything that takes up space and has mass. Composed of elements. Are solids, liquids and gases.

The number of ____ equals the number of ____ in an atom; therefore, atoms are electrically neutral.

What is a cation?

What is the normal range of blood pH?

Isotopes that are unstable, releasing energy or atomic fragments until they gain stability.

Radioactive isotopes DO NOT have medical uses such as evaluating kidney function.

What type of bonds are covalent with electrons shared equally?

____ are composed of subatomic particles.

Hydrogen bonds are important protein and nucleic acid structure.

Acidic means? Alkaline means?

Isotopes are atoms with the same atomic number but different mass numbers.

In nonpolar covalent bonds, atoms of the same element have the same number of protons and pull shared electrons equally.

_____ is a polar molecule.

What type of bonds are strong chemical bonds that are formed between atoms that share electrons?

What type of elements are required by the body in large amounts?

Acidosis is caused by

___ carry a single positive charge. (large particle) ___ carry a single negative charge. (small particle)

What kind of bonds form when atoms combine with other atoms? Result from interactions between the electrons of atoms.

Salts are electrolytes formed by the reaction between an acid and a base.

Electrons of an atom occupy regions of space called electron shells, which encircles the nucleus.

Heaviness due to gravitational pull on mass.

The human body, foods & medications are all composed of chemicals.

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of a specific element is the _____ number.

The number of protons plus the number of neutrons in one atom is the ____ number.