For what primary reason do parties hold primaries and / or caucuses?

To select a candidate for the general election

All of the following are criticisms of our current primary / caucus system EXCEPT:

it caters to low information voters

All of the following are true of primaries EXCEPT?

Voters physically meet and discuss candidates

The Downs Model / Rational Choice Model explains

why we don't have radical parties in the US

What is the point of a trial balloon?

to see public reaction before making a public announcement

What is the relationship between policy entrepreneurs and media?

policy entrpreneurs depend on media for agenda setting

What court ruling banned the use of quotas in university admissions?

Regents of Univ. of CA v, Bakke

Which of the following is true of Political Action Committees (PACS)?

they tend to support incumbents

These were the first two political parties in the United States.

Federalists and Democratic Republicans

What agency oversees radio & television broadcasting & requires licensing?

Federal Communications Commission

Interest groups and political parties differ in that

political parties' main goal is to get candidates elected

What was the ruling in Korematsu v. The United States?

Internment of people of Japanese ancestry is constitutional

This 1971 case ruled that busing was an acceptable remedy to desegregate schools

Swann v. Charlotte Mecklenberg Schools

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AP Government Final Exam 4th pd. Review

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A review for AP Government students preparing for the exam. #apgovernment

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Questions 165

Answers

1
For what primary reason do parties hold primaries and / or caucuses?
To select a candidate for the general election
To build enthusiasm
To raise money
to produce a party platform
2
All of the following are criticisms of our current primary / caucus system EXCEPT:
the early states are not representative of the US population
it caters to low information voters
the early states get too much attention
few people participate
3
All of the following are cases that upheld the death penalty EXCEPT
Furman v. Georgia
Gregg v. Georgia
Griswold v. Connecticut
McClesky v. Kemp
4
What gov't agency makes sure that commercial speech is truthful & concerns lawful activity?
Federal Reserve
Federal Trade Commission
Securities and Exchange
Interstate Commerce Commission
5
Why does the "Responsible Party Model" work better in Europe than in the U.S.?
They have more party cohesion
They have more parties
Their parties are more organized
They have elections more often
6
What case established a 3 part test for obscenity?
Texas v. Johnson
Miller v. California
Schenk v. the United States
NY Times v. Sullivan
7
Whst American president is credited with inventing campaigning & inspiring "loyal opposition"?
Alexander Hamilton
William McKinley
Andrew Jackson
Thomas Jefferson
8
In 1972, what constitutional amendment failed to be ratified?
Fuel Independence
Gay Rights
The Equal Rights Amendment
Tutle IX
9
Time, manner and place restrictions to preserve public order relate to the right to
free speech
vote
assemble
pray
10
All of the following are true of primaries EXCEPT?
there is a ballot
they are more common than caucuses
states have them on different dates
Voters physically meet and discuss candidates
11
This case ruled that "undue burden" will be the lesser standard for abortion restrictions
Gideon v. Wainwright
Griswold v. Connecticut
Planned Parenthood v. Casey
Roe v. Wade
12
For what is Betty Freidan famous?
Being the lead lawyer in Roe v. Wade
founding the National Organization for Women
Starting Ms. Magazine
writing The Feminine Mystique
13
Which of the following must an American do to belong to a political party?
think they are in it
register
attend meetings
pay dues
14
Republican or Democratic platform "plank"? Oppose mandatory minimum sentencing programs.
Democrat
Republican
15
What types of elections do states have that the federal government does NOT have?
primaries
general elections
policy elections
16
Which of the following is an example of a beat?
narrowcast
politics
press conference
newscast
17
The Downs Model / Rational Choice Model explains
why we have polarization
Why third parties tend to fail
why we don't have radical parties in the US
Why we have two parties
18
Which of the following is true of 527 groups?
they disclose the names of contributors
They coordinate closely with candidates
They are for profit taxable organizations
they produce issue ads
19
What innovation in broadcasting led to the development of "narrowcasting"?
netflix
the internet
cable television
satellite tv
20
What is the point of a trial balloon?
to launch a campaign
to see how high it will go without popping
to see public reaction before making a public announcement
to mend fences after a scandal
21
What case said the 14th amendment could extend civil liberties protections to the state level?
Schenk v. the United States
Lemon v. Kurtzman
Gitlow v. New York
Engel v. Vitale
22
Republican or Democratic platform "plank"? Get rid of the "death tax" (a.k.a estate taxes)
Republican
Democrat
23
What court ruling banned simplistic formulas that advantaged minorities in college admissions?
Fisher v.University of Texas
Adarand Construction v. Pena
Grutter v. Bollinger
Gratz v. Bollinger
24
The Supreme Court ruled NC had gone too far in using race as a factor in drawing districts in
harris v. Forklift Systems
Reed v. North Carolina
Craig v. Boren
Shaw v. Reno
25
What is the relationship between policy entrepreneurs and media?
it is nonexistent
it is contentious
policy entrpreneurs depend on media for agenda setting
Media outlets depend on policy entrpreneurs for ratings
26
Which party requires that primary / caucus results be used to assign delegates proportionally?
Democrats
Republicans
27
Which of the following type of voter is least common?
groups benefits
low information
idealogues
nature of the times
28
What court ruling banned the use of quotas in university admissions?
Fisher v.University of Texas
Texas v. Johnson
Regents of Univ. of CA v, Bakke
Snyder v. Phelps
29
What two multimillionaires dominated the press in the late 1800s, producing yellow journalism?
Hearst and Pulitzer
Smith and Wesson
Raymour and Flanigan
Cooper and Flanigan
30
Which of the following is true of Political Action Committees (PACS)?
they tend to support incumbents
their donors can remain anonymous
There are limits to how much they can accept from any person
They coordinate closely with their candidate
31
This amendment ended slavery
13th
12th
14th
15th
32
What court ruling raised the standard for contract set-asides to "compelling gov't. interest"?
Regents of Univ. of CA v, Bakke
Fisher v.University of Texas
Adarand Construction v. Pena
Gratz v. Bollinger
33
What case established a 3 part test for obscenity?
NY Times v. Sullivan
Schenk v. the United States
Miller v. California
Texas v. Johnson
34
This 1857 case ruled that blacks were not citizens and slaves were property.
Dredd Scott v. Sanford
Plessy v. Ferguson
Reynolds v. United States
Griswold v. Connecticut
35
Controlling for education and wealth, who is more likely to vote?
white Americans
black Americans
36
Discrimination based on ___________________ requires the "strict scrutiny" standard.
sexual orientation
age
gender
race
37
How has TV coverage of conventions changed over time?
It is longer
it is shorter
It is nonexistent
It is more in depth
38
What caused a steady increase in the cost of campaigns in the late 1950s and early 60s?
inflation
staffing requirements
television
new state election laws
39
Voters registered as independents are positively correlated with what behavior?
voting
protesting
fundraising
ticket-splitting
40
These were the first two political parties in the United States.
Know Nothings and Whigs
Republicans and Democrats
Democrats and Whigs
Federalists and Democratic Republicans
41
What agency oversees radio & television broadcasting & requires licensing?
Securities and Exchange Commission
Public Broadcasting Corporation
Federal Communications Commission
Federal Trade Commission
42
Interest groups and political parties differ in that
political parties are involved in electioneering
political parties' main goal is to get candidates elected
Parties have legislative goals
political parties offer selective benefits
43
From the Civil War - 1960s the "Solid South" voted
Republican
Democratic
Whig
Dixiecrat
44
This court case established the "medium scrutiny" standard for gender-based classification
Reed v. Reed
Schaffley v. Hoke
Craig v. Boren
ERA v. Hunt
45
What was the ruling in Korematsu v. The United States?
Germans and Italians should also be interned
Internment of Japanese US citizens is unconstitutional
People of Japanese ancestry born in the US are not citizens
Internment of people of Japanese ancestry is constitutional
46
What is a leading contributor to the superficial nature of modern media?
the prevalence of sound bites
consolidation of news outlets
Internet ads
24 hour news channels
47
Case that said laws not aimed at religious interference but that have that affect are ok
Barron v. Baltimore
Engel v. Vitale
Swann v. Charlotte Mecklenberg
Employment Division v. Smith
48
This 1971 case ruled that busing was an acceptable remedy to desegregate schools
Plessy v. Ferguson
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka Kansas
Dredd Scott v. Sanford
Swann v. Charlotte Mecklenberg Schools
49
This amendment gave black males the right to vote
12th
14th
15th
13th
50
This law banned literacy tests & allowed federal oversight of election activities in the South
The Voting Rights Act of 1965
The 24th amendment
The Civil Rights Act of 1964
The Civil Rights Act of 1968
51
This case ruled the gov't. can't require private organizations to turn over membership lists
NAACP v. Alabama
Gregg v. Georgia
Miranda v. Arizona
Mapp v. Ohio
52
What is the primary reason third parties do not succeed longterm?
voter apathy
the winner take all system
campaign funding laws
state requirementa to get on the ballpt
53
What case established it is constitutional to burn the US flag in symbolic protest ?
Tinker v. DesMoines
Schenk v. the United States
Texas v. Johnson
Miller v. California
54
How did local party bosses win support and loyalty to their party in the past?
voter fraud
patronage
advertising
providing government services
55
Discrimination based on ________________ requires the "reasonable / lowest scrutiny" standard.
age
religion
race
gender
56
Republican or Democratic platform "plank"? Get rid of the "death tax" (a.k.a estate taxes)
Democrat
Republican
57
This amendment eliminated the poll tax
24th
23rd
25th
22nd
58
What group gained citizenship and could vote in 1924?
migrant workers
blacks
native americans
immigrants
59
What Republican attracted white southerners to the Republican party with his Southern Strategy?
Goldwater
Reagan
Nixon
H.W. Bush
60
What party, est. in the 1890s, failed to defeat the Republicans despite support from Democrats?
Dixiecrats
Know Nothings
Populists
Whigs
61
Is the following position conservative or liberal? Increase taxes on the wealthy.
conservative
liberal
62
Which leadership model is related to a direct democracy?
instructed delegate
division of labor
trustee
politico
63
What court case established the "hostile environment" standard for sexual harassment cases?
Harris v. Forklift Systems
Reed v. Reed
Employment Division v. Smith
Playboy Entertainment v. United States
64
Empty question
65
What party did Abraham Lincoln found?
Whig
Republican
Democrat
Know Nothing
66
What case ruling made 527 groups flourish because corporations could give them unlimited funds?
McCain v. BCRA
US v. Nixon
FEC v. Wisconsin Right to Life
Citizens United v, Federal Election Commission
67
Republican or Democratic platform "plank"? Privatize Social Security.
Republican
Democrat
68
What part of the 14th amendment allows selective incorporation of civil liberties protections?
the equal protection clause
the due process clause
the elastic clause
the necessary and propoer clause
69
Who was the 1st US President to control the press by controlling info and staying on message?
H,W. Bush
Reagan
Clinton
W. Bush
70
What law requires employers to reasonable accommodate people with disabilities?
The Handicapped Bill of Rights
The Disabled Freedom Act
The Disabled Accommodation Act
The Americans With Disabilities Act
71
What is referred to as the "paradox of mass politics" in the US?
That the people think we have a democracy when we do not
How obsessed we are with presidential politics over local
how much people complain given how few vote
the success of our democracy given how little we know
72
What was evident after the Kennedy v. Nixon debates in 1960?
politicians must take clear positions on issues
the effect of television on politics would be minimal
physical attractiveness could impact electoral success
The Conservative Era was over
73
Third parties serve all of the following functions EXCEPT
motivate more people to vote
make elections less volatile
inject new issues into the policy agenda
safety valve for popular discontent
74
Republican or Democratic platform "plank"? Put a cap on malpractice lawsuits.
Republican
Democrat
75
All of the following are purposes of national conventions now EXCEPT
to debate policy openly
to advertise the candidate
to officially nominate a candidate
to energize the party faithful
76
In what type of primaries can voters vote for different parties on the same ballot?
bicameral
open
blanket
closed
77
What portion of the 14th amendment is the basis for civil rights protections in the US?
the due process clause
the equal protection clause
elastic clause
the free exercise clause
78
The significance of campaign strategy
is that it typically converts voters
is generally overstated
is that it sets the policy agenda
is often underestimated
79
Discrimination based on ___________________ requires the "medium scrutiny" standard.
religion
race
gender
wealth
80
Who determines the method and timing of delegate selection?
the Suoreme Court
the states
the U.S. Congress
the voters through referendum
81
This case banned teacher led prayer in school
Engel v. Vitale
Employment Division v. Smith
Gitlow v. New York
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
82
What is a common outcome of lack of party cohesion?
runaway spending
voter apathy
separation of powers
rapid passage of laws
83
What type of polls are candidates LEAST likely to use?
key word / phrasing polls
voter perception
exit poLling
push polls
84
Over time, national party conventions have become less
fun
predictable
contentious
attended
85
What percentage of delegates does a candidate need to get the nomination?
50% +1
the largest percentage of all candidates
2/3 or 75%
100%
86
Is the following position conservative or liberal? Support free trade and low tariffs.
conservative
liberal
87
What case established students can wear arm bands to school in symbolic protest ?
Miller v. California
Texas v. Johnson
Schenk v. the United States
Tinker v. DesMoines
88
Media tends to be biased in all the following ways EXCEPT?
they tend to be liberal
they focus on issues
They focus on individuals
They focus on odd/ unusual
89
How were affirmative action programs brought to an end in California?
an initiative was passed
an executive order by the Governor
a court order
the state legislative baody banned it
90
Habeus Corpus rights were at first denied to hundreds of suspected terrorists being held at
Alcatraz
Los Alamos
Guantanamo
San Quentin
91
What was the goal of the McGovern-Fraser Commission in the 1960s?
to make delegate selection more democratic
to regulate campaign finance
to streamline platform writing
to eliminate caucuses in favor of primaries
92
A hierarchical organizational chart of a party with chairperson at top & candidates at bottom
iis accurate
iis a requirement in a democracy
may be ideal but isn't realistic
shows that party strength is on the rise
93
The Trial of Peter Zenger in colonial America established what new precedent?
you can be punished if you criticize gov't leaders
you can criticize gov't officials if the info is true
all officials criticized have a right f rebuttal
editorials are held to a different standard
94
How do U.S. elections compare with European ones?
They are longer but cheaper
They are shorter but more expensive
They are faster, cheaper, and less common
They are longer, more exspensive and more common
95
This law said suspected terrorists can be wiretapped and residences searched without notice
Freedom Act
Patriot Act
Protect America Act
Wikileaks Act
96
All of the following tend to happen as you age EXCEPT
you vote more
You vote for Democrats
you attend to the news
you get more conservative
97
After Watergate and Vietnam, how did media treatment of the government shift?
the press became more protective of the president
the press became more deferentail to the legislative power
the press became a "watchdog" on the government
the press became apathetic towards the government
98
What case established the media can make incorrect claims as long as they didn't intend harm?
Texas v. Johnson
Miller v. California
Schenk v. the United States
NY Times v. Sullivan
99
Republican or Democratic platform "plank"? Subsidize renewable energy development.
Republican
Democrat
100
Conservative or liberal? Increase regulations to protect the environment.
conservative
liberal
101
Cesar Chavez led boycotts and demonstrations to get better protections for what group?
hispanics
women
migrant workers
asians
102
Republican or Democratic platform "plank"? Protect a woman's right to choose an abortion.
Democrat
Republican
103
All of the following were a part of the 1974 Federal Elections Campaign Act EXCEPT
required candidtes to take public funds
limited contributions
required reporting of income/spending
a program to publicly fund campaigns was started
104
Is political socialization mostly formal or informal in the U.S.?
informal
formal
105
All of the following happen at a party's national convention EXCEPT?
the writing of the party platform
candidate nomination
a debate between the two leading candidates
a speech by the Vice Presidential nominee
106
All of the following demographic trends in the U.S. are true EXCEPT:
We will soon be a majority minority nation
Blacks outnumber hispanics
The median age is getting higher.
the population is shifting to the south
107
The 3 part test for government acting according to the establishment clause was established in
Employment Division v. Smith
Lemon v. Kutzman
Engel v. Vitale
Miller v. California
108
Who actually votes to nominate candidates at the national convention?
voters
delegates
electors
party leaders
109
The Rehabilitation Act of 1973 defined ___________________ as a form of discrimination.
inaccessibility
disability
exclusion
accommodation
110
The case Buckley v. Valeo struck down what part of campaign finance restrictions?
the part that banned hard money
the part that said you must take public funding
the part that said you can't fund your own campaign
the part that banned soft money
111
Which of the following must an American do to belong to a political party?
attend meetings
think they are in it
pay dues
register
112
Why did Democrats decide to create "superdelegates" after the McGovern - Fraser reforms?
to ensure the best balloon drop at the convention
to reward big fundraisers
to make sure elected officials and party leaders had power
to rank and file party members would have a voice
113
What was the first form of mass media?
television
telegraph
daily newspapers
radio
114
What aspect of campaigns gets the most media attention?
policy positions
the candidate's voting record
fundraising
"horserace" coverage
115
What is the driving focus of organization and action in local political party orgs today?
converting voters
patronage
polling and policy positions
information management and mobilization
116
What case ruling struck down anti-sodomy laws, granting gay people a right to privacy?
Lawrence v. Texas
Texas v. Johnson
Smith v. Texas
Reece v. Texas
117
How has the gov't. ensured press access to the war front & insured context in their reporting?
they allow reporters to "embed" with military units
the military provides info to be vetted by the press
they put no restrictions on the press in war torn areas
all war reporters are members of the military
118
A trial balloon is usually preceded by a
beat
leak
interview
scandal
119
How long do national party conventions typically last?
1 week
3 days
1 day
4 days
120
What case est. that the least restrictive remedy must be used when limiting adult programming?
Texas v. Johnson
United States v. Playboy Entertainment
NY Times v. Sullivan
Red Lion Broadcasting v. FCC
121
This case ruled the government must provide an attorney if a suspect cannot afford one
Gideon v. Wainwright
Mapp v. Ohio
Miranda v. Arizona
NAACP v. Alabama
122
Conservative or liberal? Provide a "path to citizenship" for law-abiding illegal immigrants.
liberal
conservative
123
At the start of our republic, to vote you had to meet all the following criiteria EXCEPT
white
male
Christian
property owner
124
What fact might indicate that an incumbent is in a tight reelection race?
they increase campaign spending
they are taking clear positions on issues
They are avoiding media attention
they participate in debates
125
All of the following undercut the importance of campaign strategy EXCEPT
incumbency advantage
selective perception
media culture
party identification
126
All of the following are a types of third parties we have seen in US politics EXCEPT
revolutionary
issue / cause
popular person-based
splinter
127
What case established that speech can be banned that poses a "clear and present" danger?
Schenk v. the United States
Texas v. Johnson
NY Times v. Sullivan
Miller v. California
128
What does it mean when a candidate is being "vetted"?
They are being fully "checked out" for any problems
They are fiundraising
They are being prepped for a debate
They are being nominated
129
Discrimination based on ___________________ requires the "strict scrutiny" standard.
gender
sexual orientation
wealth
religion
130
All of the following are true of caucuses EXCEPT
Only 12 states hold them
the whole process takes one day
the most fanous ones are in Iowa
they were a tool of party machines and bosses in the past
131
This case ruled that women have a right to an abortion in the 1st trimester without restriction
Planned Parenthood v. Casey
Gideon v. Wainwright
Griswold v. Connecticut
Roe v. Wade
132
Conservative or liberal? Require photo ID to vote.
liberal
conservative
133
Which of the following is an example of unconventional political participation?
protest
petitioning
voting
running for office
134
What case established broadcasting can be regulated at a higher standard than newspapers?
Miller v, California
Texas v. Johnson
NY Times v. Sullivan
Red Lion Broadcasting v. FCC
135
What person or groups bears the most responsibility for funding and shaping a campaign?
interest groups
the candidate
the bureaucracy
the party
136
All of the following contribute to hyperdemocracy or officials "running scared" except
primaries
the power of interest groups
strong parties
short terms
137
Is the following position conservative or liberal? Support / expansion of government programs.
liberal
conservative
138
What type of primary do political parties like best?
unicameral
blanket
open
closed
139
What amendment gave women the right to vote?
17th
19th
20th
18th
140
If a state is part of "frontloading", it is probably
making it harder to get on the ballot
giving free tv time to candidates
moving its primary / caucus to an earlier date
making it easier to register to vote
141
This 1954 case ruled that "separate but equal" was inherently unequal
Swann v. Charlotte Mecklenberg Schools
Dredd Scott v. Sanford
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka Kansas
Plessy v. Ferguson
142
The idea that you don't need to outspend your opponent, but you need to get your message out is
the doctrine of sufficiency
the doctrine of currency
the doctrine of campaign finance
the doctrine of efficiency
143
Teacher led prayers violate the
free exercise clause
equal protectiion clause
no establishment clause
due process clause
144
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 bans discrimination based on all the following criteria EXCEPT
race
gender
age
religion
145
All of the following were intended to limit black voting EXCEPT
literacy tests
primaries
poll taxes
grandfather clauses
146
How do slander and libel differ as forms of defamation?
libel concerns a group and skander an indiviidual
libel in spoken and slander is written
slander is a misdemeanor and libel is a felony
slander is spoken and libel is written
147
All of the following increase the likelihood of voting EXCEPT
being wealthy
being young
being educated
being female
148
This case ruled the gov't. can't use evidence gained as a result of an illegal search:
NAACP v. Alabama
Gregg v. Georgia
Miranda v. Arizona
Mapp v. Ohio
149
What has been true about American's attitudes about government since 1964?
They have voted more often
They have less trust in the governmnt
they have become more ideological
they have become more informed
150
McCain Feingold, a.k.a. the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act (BCRA) did all the following EXCEPT
barred issue ads by outside groups before an election
increased the amount individuals to donate to candidates
required reporting of PAC contributions
eliminated the public funding option
151
Why are state party operations so critical to presidential candidates?
They do polling
They provide endorsements
They raise most of the money
They know the election laws in that state
152
What prevents the press form being too "tough" on the government and officials?
They might alienate viewers
They are inherently patriotic
they are liberal biased towards government intervention
they need access to government officials
153
What is the primary reason some states have more delegates than others at the convention?
they raise the most money for the party
they have a larger population
They more reliably vote for the party
they have the most registered party members
154
What do family, mass media, school and peers have in common related to politics?
They are all interest groups
They are all agents of socialization
They are all potential groups
They are all informal
155
All of the following are tasks of political parties EXCEPT
pick candidates
run polls on election day
articulate policies
coordinate campaigns
156
In the 1830s, the Supreme Court ruled in Barron v. Baltimore that the Bill of Rights restrained
only the executive power
only the federal government
the state governments
all governments in the US
157
Another term for prior restraint is
arrest
censorship
warrant
subpoena
158
All of the following groups were part of the New Deal coalition EXCEPT
blacks
white souitherners
unions
the wealthy
159
This 1896 case ruled that "separate but equal" was constitutional
Dredd Scott v. Sanford
Swann v. Charlotte Mecklenberg Schools
Plessy v. Ferguson
Reynolds v. United States
160
What court cased ruling established that arbitrary gender discrimination is unlawful?
Santa Clara v. Martinez
Shaw v. Reno
Shaw v. Hunt
Reed v. Reed
161
What part of the Civil Rights Act banned discrimination in federally funded programs?
Title XI
Title IX
Title XX
Title V
162
What type of communication is most likely to discuss a candidate's positions on the issues?
a poll
interviews with media
the nightly news
tv ads
163
Is the following position conservative or liberal? Protect the life of the unborn.
liberal
conservative
164
What court ruling upheld using race as part of a holistic assessment in admissions decisions?
Adarand Construction v. Pena
Gratz v. Bollinger
Fisher v.University of Texas
Grutter v. Bollinger
165
These type of protesters have distance restrictions and cannot picket private residences:
police
school
zoning
abortion

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