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AP European History Unit 4 Flashcards | StudBud
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AP European History Unit 4
AP European History Unit 4
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The format is going to be weird. Periodt.
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Questions
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Answers
1
What were established in England to discuss Enlightenment ideals (and contributed to the spread of Enlightenment ideas)?
coliseums
numerous high courts
salons
coffeehouses
2
What establishments in France helped contribute to the spread/discussion of Enlightenment ideas?
salons
bars
coffeehouses
palaces
3
T/F: Copernicus believed that God created the perfect circular orbits.
False
True
4
What did Mary Wollstonecraft write?
A Vindication of the Rights of Woman
Encyclopedia
Emile
Dialogue on Two Chief Systems
5
Descartes advocated for use of deductive reasoning in what book?
The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen
Principia
The Spirit of Law
A Discourse on Method
6
What reforms did Frederick the Great make regarding education?
he promoted compulsory education and established more universities
he started creating grants for the bourgeoisie
he started creating grants for peasants
he promoted compulsory education
7
After Louis XIV's death, what happened?
French kings slowly become less absolute
all of the above
the French academy steps back
French classicism and baroque art begins to decline
8
Who wrote On The Movement of the Heart and Blood?
Harvey
Hippocrates
Galen
Vesalius
9
T/F: The Encyclopedia primarily only impacts the wealthy and educated, because they're the ones that can read.
True
False
10
What two inventions played a role in the spread of Enlightenment ideas?
learned academies and
Masonic lodges and learned academies
Masonic lodges and tea houses
11
Who was Johannes Kepler?
Brahe's mother, a German peasant
Brahe's father with a background in literature
Brahe's assistant with a background in mathematics
Brahe's assistant with a background in science
12
Which of the following was critical to the spread of Enlightenment ideas?
On the Movement of the Heart and Blood
the Encyclopedia
the Spirit of Law
A Dialogue on the Two Chief Systems
13
T/F: It also means "I'm going to prove my existence using logic, b/c I’m able to use logic, I just proved I existed”.
False
True
14
What was an example of this?
Persian Letters
the Encyclopedia
The Social Contract
Emile
15
T/F: The Grand Tour did not influence the spread of Enlightenment ideas.
True
False
16
T/F: The trial of Galileo is an example of the growing conflict between the Catholic Church & new scientific knowledge.
True
False
17
Tycho Brahe spent ____ years gathering data.
20
21
45
32
18
T/F: Paracelsus gained his knowledge that the humors were wrong by experimenting on humans through combos of medicines.
True
False
19
What does "cogito ergo sum" mean?
"I think, therefore I am"
"I know, therefore I am"
"I think, therefore you are"
"I eat cake, therefore I am large in size"
20
Charles II built ______, and _______ attended it.
The Royal Society of London, d’Holbach
The Royal Society of London, Newton
The Royal Society of London, Voltaire
The Royal Society of London, Rousseau
21
What was different about the Gresham College?
they ate cake
they supported Renaissance ideas
it had branches dedicated to only science, not just theology
they promoted religious tolerance
22
What was the Encyclopedia nicknamed?
the Bible of the New Sciences
the Bible of the Woes of AP Euro Students
the Bible of Creativity
the Bible of the Enlightenment
23
Why did kings start to become patrons of science?
the pope declared that all countries must become pro-science
they wanted to kickstart the Agricultural Revolution
they wanted to create new, effective bioweapons
they saw the potential to bring new power through the new scientific ideas
24
T/F: The discovery of Jupiter’s moons proved the crystal-spheres theory false.
True
False
25
Adam Smith believed the economy should be governed by ______.
supply-and-demand & competition
cahiers de doleances
K
26
What was used to get around censorship (in France)?
all of the above
plays
novels
manuscripts
27
What is Galileo primarily known for?
building the most sophisticated observatory in Europe at the time
creating/developing the laws of motion
creating Newtonian physics
supporting the building of Gresham College
28
What was the name of Bacon's method?
modern scientific method
experimental method
empiricism/empirical formula/inductive reasoning
deductive reasoning
29
T/F: Copernican theory had a much slower and milder reaction from the Catholic Church.
False
True
30
What did laissez-faire theory state?
when necessary, the govt. can create new taxes
socialism becomes the nationalized economic system for all of France
the govt. should be an invisible hand and not interfere with the economy
15% of everyone’s income must go directly to the pope
31
Which two philosophe(r)s would've supported the idea of enlightened despots?
Hobbes and Voltaire
Hobbes and Locke
Hume and Catherine the Great
Hobbes and Diderot
32
T/F: Adam Smith would not have believed in the laissez-faire theory.
True
False
33
The Church taught that _____ rotated around the Earth.
giant, glass spheres
giant, crystal spheres
small, yellow lights
not the planets
34
Who were Aristotle and Ptolemy?
both were Danish nobles
Aristotle was a bozo, Ptolemy was a king
Ari. was a Greek musician, Pto. was a Turkish noble
both were ancient Greek philosophers
35
T/F: Harvey studied Vesalius's ideas to write On the Movement of the Heart and Blood.
False
True
36
What is the third law of planetary motion?
the distace between a planet and the Sun affects how fast its orbit is
force is equal to mass times acceleration
for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction
energy is equal to units of mass times the speed of light squared
37
When does Copernicus release the book?
1648, during the end of the 30 Years' War
1688, at the start of the Glorious Revolution
1555, during the signing of the Peace of Augsburg
1543, when he was on his deathbed
38
Who was Galileo’s patron(s)?
the Medicis
King Louis XV
Pope Pius VII
Maria Theresa
39
What is Tycho Brahe's background?
he's a Danish noble
he's a member of the English landed aristocracy
he's a French parish priest
he's a German peasant
40
What reforms did Frederick the Great make concerning the serfdom?
abolished the use of torture and restricted the use of capital punishment
he increased the power that the nobles had over their serfs
declared all feudal establishments were to be demolished
abolished serfdom and restricted the use of torture
41
This resulted in...
questions about where God and heaven were located
the creation of analytical geometry
mass panic and destruction
an increase in trade
42
What is the first law in the laws of planetary motion?
planets don't move at uniform speeds in their orbits
the distance between a planet and the Sun affects how fast its orbit is
planetary orbits are elliptical, not circular
an object at rest will stay at rest until acted on by another force
43
Which of the following was NOT impacted during the Scientific Revolution?
the authority of established churches
medical knowledge
the commoners' living standards
trade
44
Why was the Catholic reaction much milder and slower?
b/c Mrs. Ferron said so
b/c clergy interpret the Bible, so Copernican theory may not interfere
b/c the Roman Inquisition put the theory on the Index of Forbidden Books
the pope was a close friend of Copernicus’s
45
T/F: The appearance of Kepler and Galileo = the Scientific Revolution is officially recognized
False
True
46
The pope allowed Galileo to write about scientific systems so long as _______.
he didn’t turn turn his back on the Medicis
he didn’t cause any public trouble
he didn’t turn his back on the Church
he didn’t say which systems were correct
47
Who wrote Emile?
Rousseau
Diderot
Hume
Hobbes
48
Who write the Dialogue on the Two Chief Systems?
Brahe
Galileo
Kepler
Bacon
49
What was the effect of the invention of the microscope?
the commoners could now study the stars and cosmos
scientists could determine how fertile the soil was
scientists could study & declare bacteria the cause of disease
it allowed commoners to read the fine print on decrees
50
What did he advocate for in Emile? What are some examples?
children should be cuddled
parents should care for children and break the vicious cycle
all of the above
men should get involved with the development of their children
51
Who wrote the System of Nature?
David Hume
Peter Burke
Baron d’Holbach
marquis de Condorcet
52
What is the secondary law in the laws of planetary motion?
what comes up must come down
planets don't move at uniform speeds in their orbits
the distance between a planet and the Sun affects how fast its orbit is
acceleration of an object depends on the force acting & mass of the object
53
Copernican theory suggests that...
stars are an illusion
the universe was a lot larger than scientists had predicted
Lutheranism should be the official religion all across Europe
54
Why wasn’t Brahe able to interpret this data?
the Catholic Church put his studies on the Index of Forbidden Books
he didn’t have a background in mathematics
accurate technology wasn’t available
he recorded the wrong sets of data multiple times
55
What two events suggested that perhaps Copernican theory was somewhat correct?
the pope agreed and the Medicis too that Copernican theory was correct
a new comet and dragons were sighted
a new, exploding star and a new comet
a supernova and formation of a new planet
56
All medical knowledge up until the Scientific Revolution was based on ___'s thinking and _______, which led to _________
Maria Theresa, the Seven Year's War, the partition of Poland
Marie Antoinette, the flat-Earth theory, frequent indulgences of cake
Galen, the 4 humors, bloodletting
Hobbes, Third Estate problems, more problems
57
What was Tycho Brahe known for?
building the most sophisticated observatory in Europe at the time
writing A Vindication on the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen
his support of more equal and humane punishments
inventing the microscope
58
What industry grew popular during the Enlightenment and contributed to the spread of Enlightenment ideas?
mirror
textile
printing
travel literature
59
Why did he publish his book on his deathbed?
he feared that Mrs. Ferron would call him a bozo
he feared that the peasants would get angry and start numerous revolts
he feared backlash from the Catholic Church and from
he feared backlash from the Catholic Church and from the public
60
According to the Church, what moved these spheres?
angels
demons
the divine intervention of God himself
seven zodiac animal spirit guardians
61
Who discovered analytical geometry?
Francis Bacon
Catherine the Great
Rene Descartes
Frederick the Great
62
What is Newtonian synthesis?
the theory that all the planets were synthesized by an omnipotent being
the theory that all cake must be synthesized from only flour, eggs, & sugar
the theory that all life is synthesized artificially
Newton used previous scientists' studies to synthesize his own theories
63
Using the telescope, Galileo discovered...
the dwarf planet Pluto
the rings of Saturn
4 of Jupiter’s moons
a new red dwarf star
64
T/F: The appearance of the comet and the star arose thoughts that perhaps the heavenly spheres weren’t unchanging.
False
True
65
T/F: Aristotle's theory stated that the Earth lay motionless at the center of the universe.
True
False
66
Bacon's and Descartes' thinking led to the creation of what?
the deductive reasoning method
the inductive reasoning method
the Flat Earth meme
the modern scientific method
67
What two prominent religious leaders attacked Copernican theory?
Thomas Münzter, Martin Luther
Ulrich Zwingli, Jean-Baptiste Colbet
Martin Luther, John Calvin
Caspar Nützel, John Calvin
68
Who was the first person to challenge the idea of the 4 humors?
Andreas Vesalius
William Harvey
Hippocrates
Paracelsus
69
What idea critical to the Enlightenment contrasted fatalism?
liberty
equality
progress
reason
70
T/F: Rousseau believed people should learn by the book and do specific, planned activities.
False
True
71
T/F: The Enlightenment is what betters people's lives, not the Scientific Revolution
False
True
72
Newtonian synthesis and Newtonian physics were created by who (so help me if you get this wrong I will slap you)?
Newton
Voltaire
Paracelsus
Olympe de Gouges
73
T/F: Montesquieu was a French noble under the control of Louis XIV, & had his power curbed, influencing his thinking.
False
True
74
What is Madame de Chatelet primarily known for?
translating Principia from Latin to Spanish
writing A Vindication of the Rights of Woman
inciting the Women’s March to Versailles
translating Principia from Latin to French
75
What are some characteristics of the empirical method?
neither of the two
creating a hypothesis and organizing data
the two answers above
experimenting and observation
76
T/F: Copernicus believed that the planets revolved in elliptical orbits.
False
True
77
What are some characteristics of deductive reasoning?
none of the above
the use of math and logic for proof
the two answers above
the use of math for proof
78
What is Kepler known for?
proving the geocentric theory by use/creation of the planetary motion laws
interpreting Brahe's 35 years of collected data
interpreting Brahe's 10 years of collected data
proving heliocentric theory by use/creation of the laws of planetary motion
79
In creating the Encyclopedia, what was one of Diderot’s goals?
he wanted to create a catalogue of all known fauna and flora
he wanted to have people think for themselves and think critically
he wanted to spread his philosophical ideas
He did it for fun. Periodt.
80
Who invented calculus so s/he could finish her/his theories?
René Descartes
Olympe de Gouges
Mary Wollstonecraft
Isaac Newton
81
T/F: The Protestants began to cite Bible verses saying the Earth was the center of the universe, etc. in response.
False
True
82
What did the Dialogue on the Two Chiefs System discuss?
whether Hume or d’Holbach was the most unpopular
whether inductive or deductive reasoning was correct
whether geocentric or heliocentric theory was correct
which of the two feminists (Wollenstonecraft or Chatelet) was more fierce
83
Whose salon was the most popular?
madame Geoffrin
madame Gouges
madame Wollstonecraft
madame de Chatelet
84
T/F: Protestants were offended by the Copernican theory because they thought he was doubting the Bible.
True
False
85
Who wrote
Principia
?
Voltaire
Hume
Hobbes
Newton
86
T/F: Rococo art was not meant to be as grand or emotional as baroque art.
False
True
87
T/F: This idea stated that applying the laws of nature, logic, math, and the scientific method to society = progress.
False
True
88
"If I have seen further than others, it is because I have stood on the shoulders of giants" conveys Newtonian synthesis.
True
False
89
__________ validated the Copernican theory by using a telescope as a scientific tool for the first time.
Kepler
Brahe
Galileo
Copernicus
90
What is Copernican theory also known as?
the heliocentric theory/view
the Flat-Earth meme
the geocentric theory/view
laissez-faire theory
91
What book was written by d'Alembert and Diderot?
the Encyclopedia
The Social Contract
the Wealth of Nations
Emile
92
After King Charles II was restored to the throne, what did he build/support building?
the Eiffel Tower
the cathedral of Notre Dame
Versailles
Gresham College
93
Adam Smith supports ______ and dislikes _______.
mercantilism, capitalism
capitalism, mercantilism
supply-and-demand economy, capitalism
socialism, a free market economy
94
Montesquieu’s number one goal was to...
promote liberty and increase absolutism
prevented tyranny and promoted liberty
promote liberty and prevent religious persecution
promote liberty and prevent despotism
95
Who wrote On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres?
Brahe
Galileo
Copernicus
Kepler
96
The microscope was invented by who?
Paracelsus
Van Leeuwenhoek
Charlotte Corday
Olympe de Gouges
97
Who sponsored Brahe's sophisticated observatory and is a prime example of the acceptance of new scientific ideas?
the Hapsburgs monarch
the Prussian king
the king of Denmark
the English monarch
98
Who said "cogito ergo sum"?
Newton
Bacon
Descartes
Kepler
99
Describe characteristics of rococo art.
graceful and gentle
all of the above
frivolous and sentimental
elegant and pleasant
100
Enlightened despots...
all ate cake and pastries quite frequently
were constantly opposed by the high clergy
were all absolute and inspired by philosophe(r)s
left their countries mountains of debt
