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AP Psych Review Units 1-7 Flashcards | StudBud
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AP Psych Review Units 1-7
AP Psych Review Units 1-7
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Covering Units 1-7. School Year 23-24
Flashcards
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Questions
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Answers
1
What theory explained that personalities are the product of interactions between the person, environment, and behavior?
The Big 5 Trait Theory
Somatotype theory
Reciprocal determinism
Interaction effects
2
What aspect of development does Erik Erikson's stage theory try to describe?
Moral
Psychosocial
Cognitive
Psychosexual
3
In classical conditioning, if you stop pairing the UCS and the CS, the response will
generalize
extinguish
discriminate
strengthen
4
Which theories focus on the timing of the cognitive experience of emotion versus the physiological response?
Schachter-Garcia and Kinsey-Selye
Darwin-Skinner and Beck-Ellis
Masters-Johnson and Maslow-Bandura
James-Lange and Cannon-Bard
5
Which psychologist was a famous humanist?
Rogers
Piaget
Watson
Freud
6
Myelin is usually found surrounding which part of the neuron?
Neurotransmitter
Axon
Dendrite
Soma
7
What aspect of development did Lawrence Kohlberg's stage theory try to describe?
moral
psychosocial
cognitive
psychosexual
8
According to Piaget's cognitive development theory, what is one of the first schemes that humans learn as infants?
information processing
object permanence
conservation of volume
preconventional reasoning
9
Which of the following tests can measure functions of the brain?
Electronic encephalogram
Computerized Axial Tomography
Positron Emissions Tomography
Magnetic Resonance Imagining
10
Which technique would most likely be used to get information about an experience that may be repressed?
Trait theory test
Factor analysis
Projective tests
The Big 5 test
11
Hearing loss that occurs when sounds cannot travel through the ear is known as
Sensorineural deafness
Conduction deafness
Wernicke's aphasia
Broca's aphasia
12
People's tendency to interpret information so that it is in line with their beliefs is known as
Hawthorn Effect
Confirmation bias
Overconfidence
Hindsight bias
13
Motivation to complete a task because of the promise of a reward is called what?
intrinsic motivation
extrinsic motivation
two factor motivation
approach-approach motivation
14
A monocular depth cue in which objects that overlap other objects are perceived to be closer is called
linear perspective
interposition
shadowing
texture gradient
15
When a distribution includes an extreme score that is very high, the distribution is said to be
Positively correlated
Negatively skewed
Negatively correlated
Positively skewed
16
The part of the neuron responsible for receiving the chemical messengers
Axon terminals
Soma
Axon
Dendrite
17
The cerebellum regulates
sleep
balance
arousal
emotions
18
A standardized test has been
shown to measure all types of intelligence in Sternberg's theory
pretested on a representative sample of the population
created by a professional psychologist
established to be free of cultural bias
19
Which part of the brain is most involved in regulating hunger?
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Hippocampus
Amygdala
20
These take information from the brain to the rest of the body
Interneurons
Efferent neurons
Motor neurons
Afferent neurons
21
Albert was conditioned to fear rats. In this experiment, rats are the
Conditioned stimulus
Conditioned response
Unconditioned stimulus
Unconditioned response
22
Which of the following are trait/type personality theorists?
Allport
Eysenck
Cattell
Costa
23
What is an example of overgeneralization of language?
Dreaming in a new language
A baby babbling to a parent
Saying gooses instead of geese
Calling your teacher "mom" by accident
24
In classical conditioning, the NS becomes the
CS
UCS
CR
UCR
25
Being able to reason from a hypothesis is an indicator of being in what Piagetian stage?
concrete operational
sensory-motor
formal operational
preoperational
26
"All dogs have ears. Golden Retrievers are dogs; therefore, they have ears" is an example of
Inductive reasoning
Insight learning
Latent learning
Deductive reasoning
27
Maslow's hierarchy of needs predicts that once all lower level needs are met, humans ultimately seek to achieve what?
self-esteem
belonging
safety
self-actualization
28
What technique do personality test developers use to determine traits that cluster together statistically?
Factor analysis
TAT tests
Correlation coefficient
Descriptive statistics
29
What is the correlational coefficient of the graph?
-1.00
1.00
0.00
-0.50
30
Which of the following are associated with intelligence testing?
Francis Sumner
Lewis Terman
Charles Spearman
Alfred Binet
31
Which helps explain how we hear high-frequency sounds?
Bottom-up Processing
Opponent-Process Theory
Frequency Theory
Place Theory
32
The most commonly occurring score in a distribution is the
median
mode
mean
range
33
According to Jean Piaget's stage theory, how do human beings learn?
Through assimilation and accommodation
Through operant and classical conditioning
Through retroactive and proactive memory
Through reliability and validity
34
A kind of psychologist who makes tests is called a
psychometrician
psychoanalyst
clinical psychologist
developmentalist
35
A baby learning to use a fork by watching family members use utensils is an example of
Classical conditioning
Latent learning
Insight learning
Operant conditioning
36
Which part of the nervous system prepares the body for fight or flight?
parasympathetic nervous system
somatic nervous system
central nervous system
sympathetic nervous system
37
A person who feels responsible for what happens to them and is control of their fate has which of the following?
external locus of control
high self-efficacy
low self-efficacy
internal locus of control
38
A rat gets food after every three times it presses a bar. What type of schedule is this?
Variable interval
Fixed interval
Fixed ratio
Variable ratio
39
Dreams occur in which stage of sleep
Stage 3
Stage 1
REM
Stage 2
40
Dorothea Dix is most known for
Eliminating the use of conditioning fear for the APA
Improving the treatment of those in mental institutions
Promoting ideas of Functionalism in America
Creating Structuralism as a major school of thought
41
What theory explains why experienced athletes often perform better in front of a crowd than alone during practice?
arousal theory
drive-reduction theory
Maslow's hierarchy
incentive theory
42
Which of the following is an example of a prelinguistic event?
Motherese
Paraphrasing
Babbling
Telegraphic speech
43
When your English teacher tells you that you did a good job, it's an example of
Negative reinforcement
Negative punishment
Positive punishment
Positive reinforcement
44
Which of the following parts of the brain comprise the limbic system?
Hippocampus
Hypthalamus
Corpus Callosum
Amygdala
45
Which of the following are humanistic theorists?
Maslow
Bandura
Rogers
Allport
46
Most tests you take in school are primarily
Intelligence tests
Aptitude tests
Achievement tests
IQ tests
47
Differences between experimental and control groups other than the independent variable are
Secondary variables
Dependent variables
Confounding variables
Unreliable variables
48
Patrick refuses to fly because he is afraid of plan crashes. This best represents a(n)
Precedent algorithm
Availability heuristic
Open algorithm
Representative heuristic
49
What technique did Mary Ainsworth use to research parent/child attachment?
factor analysis
strange situation
visual cliff
split-half
50
The parasympathetic nervous system is part of the
Somatic Nervous System
Autonomic Nervous System
Sympathetic Nervous System
Central Nervous System
51
Research indicating that cognitive skills develop continuously (not in stages) challenges which developmental theory?
Kohlberg Theory
Piaget's Theory
Ainsworth's Theory
Vygotsky's Theory
52
Extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, openness, and neuroticism make up which personality theory?
Freud's psychoanalytic theory
The Big 5 Trait theory
Allport's 5 elements theory
Factor analysis theory
53
Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers are associated with what perspective on personality?
Behavioral
Humanistic
Trait
Biological
54
Researches used this perspective to investigate how we perceive images as a whole rather than by individual elements
Behavioral psychology
Evolutionary psychology
Humanistic psychology
Gestalt psychology
55
The part of the brain that controls blood pressure, heart rate, and breathing
Medulla
Somatosensory Cortex
Pons
Motor Cortex
56
The lens of the eye changes shape to focus images on the retina through a process of
top-down processing
accommodation
summation
fovea
57
Hunger is partially controlled by which two structures in the brain?
limbic system and cerebral cortex
sensory and motor cortex
parietal and temporal lobes
lateral and ventromedial hypothalamus
58
Bandura's Bobo doll experiment demonstrated
latent learning
abstract learning
observational learning
insight learning
59
A failure to realize that you could use a hair dryer to melt snow shows
Perceptual set
Functional fixedness
Belief perserverence
Confirmation bias
60
Which of the following is are APA ethical guidelines?
Use of debrief
Informed consent
Right to withdraw
Promise of Confidentiality
61
What term do psychologists use to describe the unique attitudes, behaviors and emotions that characterize a person?
psyche
nurture
personality
nature
62
A test that measures what it's supposed to measure is said to be
Valid
Reliable
Standardized
Psychometric
63
Albert was conditioned to fear rats. He would also come to fear bunnies and masks of Santa. This is known as
Discrimination
Extinction
Cognition
Generalization
64
Sarah is solving for slope and uses the formula y=mx+b. This formula is an example of a(n)
algorithm
heuristic
prototype
induction
65
Remembering how to ride a bike shows
Episodic memory
Semantic memory
Procedural memory
Declarative memory
66
What method allows the researcher o show an independent variable has an effect on the dependent variable?
Correlational Study
Natruralistic Observation
Experiment
Survey
67
The terms primary drives, secondary drives, and homeostasis are associated with which motivational theory?
incentive theory
drive-reduction theory
arousal theory
Maslow's hierarchy
68
An average IQ on the Wechsler test is set at
50
75
100
125
69
A p value greater than 0.5 is considered
Valid
Reliable
Definitionally Operational
Statistically Significant
70
The reticular formation regulates
arousal
balance
memory
emotions
71
Which has the shortest duration?
Long-term memory
Sensory memory
Working memory
Short-term memory
72
Which of these research methods is used more often in developmental research than other areas?
Cross-sectional
Experimental
Survey
Correlational
73
Most modern personality tests are based on which theory?
Trait
Psychoanalytic
Behavioral
Humanistic
74
According to drive-reduction theory, humans are motivated to seek what?
withdrawal
safety needs
self-actualization
homeostasis
75
The reliability of a test is most closely associated with
standardization
consistency
validity
accuracy
76
What motivation theory describes how the hypothalamus raises or lowers our metabolism in response to body weight?
the Garcia effect
set-point theory
externals/internals hunger theory
drive-reduction theory
77
Cognitive psychologists stress the importance of
genes
thoughts
environment
behaviors
78
Which of the following are psychoanalytic theorists?
Horney
Rogers
Jung
Freud
79
Which of the following are examples of Gardner's multiple intelligences?
Musical
Bodily kinesthetic
Interpersonal
Practical
80
A person taking anti-depressants need to increase their dosage after taking their medicine for 5 years. This shows
State-dependence
Substance withdrawal
Substance tolerance
Somatosensory learning
81
Which is NOT a neurotransmitter?
dopamine
cortisol
GABA
serotonin
82
Humanistic psychologists used which technique during treatment in order to help clients self-actualize?
Unconditional positive regard
projective tests
Self-report inventories
factor analysis
83
Most animals avoid foods they eat just before becoming nauseous. What is this phenomenon called?
Withdrawal
The Kinsey Effect
The Garcia Effect
Tolerance
84
Which researcher focused on categorizing parenting styles?
Ainsworth
Lorenz
Piaget
Baumrind
85
The more students practice their band instruments, the fewer mistakes they make. This is
a negative correlation
a spurious correlation
a positive correlation
an illusory correlation
86
Which tends to increase with age?
Crystalized intelligence
Generalized intellignce
Fluid intelligence
Multiple intelligences
87
A child struggled to recognize a penguin as a bird. This is because it did not fit the child's
heuristic
prototype
algorithm
fluid intelligence