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Sociology Test
What’s material culture
What is a folkway
Sociology Test
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1
What is a folkway
Norms that are moral in nature
Norms that are not moral in nature.
Expectations of behavior.
2
What’s material culture
Non-physical examples of culture. Beliefs, values, language, etc.
Physical examples of culture. Design, architecture, books, etc.
3
what is Naturalistic Observation
individual or small group that are observed over an extended period
Researchers conduct a laboratory or controlled experiment.
Method that establishes a degree relationship between two characteristics
researchers observing behavior in its natural setting without control
4
What is cultural leveling
Spread of ideas and practices from one culture to the next
Globalization of culture; cultures become more and more alike.
5
What is Buddhism
Dominant Religion in China and Southeast Asia
The dominant religion in the Middle East, Northern Africa, and Central Asia
Dominant religion in India
6
What is a Laboratory Observation
researchers observing behavior in its natural setting without control
Method that establishes a degree relationship between two characteristics
Researchers conduct a laboratory or controlled experiment.
individual or small group that are observed over an extended period
7
What is an Industrial Society?
Economy focused on providing information and services.
Focus on production of manufactured goods instead of food
8
What is microsociolgy
“Small picture”
“big picture “
9
What is the functionalist perspective?
Society is based on a central system of authority.
focuses on the relationships, values, and feelings of those individuals.
Everything and everyone has a function.
10
What is the exchange theory?
Weighing of the benefits and skills involved before taking an action.
people motivated by self-interest in their interactions with other people
11
The algebraic representation of correlation coefficient is
t
q
u
r
12
What is cultural diffusion
Globalization of culture; cultures become more and more alike.
Spread of ideas and practices from one culture to the next
13
what’s a Independent Variable
A variable that the researchers believes causes a change in a another
The variable affected by the independent variable and is measured
14
What is Psychology?
Study of organization and operation of governments.
Study of behavior and mental processes.
The study of human social behavior in a group
Study of past events in human societies.
15
Who is Herbert Spencer
created the idea that class struggle is a primary actor is society
Created Social Darwinism
who developed the model of the Ideal Type and Verstehen
16
Who is Harriet Martineau
Created Social Darwinism
Believed that scholars should try to improve society, not just study it.
created the idea that class struggle is a primary actor is society
who underscored the role of race in social interactions.
17
What is Ethnocentrism:
Unique characteristics of a group within a group.
Viewing one’s own culture and group as superior to others.
18
who is Max Weber
Created Social Darwinism
Believed that scholars should try to improve society, not just study it.
Prussian who developed the model of the Ideal Type and Verstehen
created the idea that class struggle is a primary actor is society
19
what’s a dependent variable?
The variable affected by the independent variable and is measured
A variable that the researchers believes causes a change in a another
20
what’s Islam?
The Type of Christianity begun by Martin Luther in the 16th century
Dominant religion in India
The dominant religion in the Middle East, Northern Africa, and Central Asia
21
What is a case study
Researchers conduct a laboratory or controlled experiment.
individual or small group that are observed over an extended period
Method that establishes a degree relationship between two characteristics
22
What is a Master Status
Status acquired through direct efforts.
Status assigned due to characteristics beyond your control.
Status that is the greatest role in your life at the moment.
23
What is Macrosociology
“Big Picture”
“Small picture”
24
What is a Hunter-Gatherer Society
people which survive by domesticating herds of animals.
large-scale farming and adopts irrigation techniques to care for the land.
using a subsistence strategy of harvesting wild plants and game.
25
What is Hinduism?
The dominant religion in the Middle East, Northern Africa, and Central Asia
Dominant Religion in China and Southeast Asia
Dominant religion in India
26
What’s a control group
same environment as the experimentals but not to the independent variable.
Participants exposed to the independent variable, or the treatment.
27
What is Verstehen?
The fittest aspects of society are most likely to survive
The description of an essential, problem free version of an idea.
An early novel on basic sociological aspects and theories.
Meanings that people attach to otherwise meaningless objects or activities
28
What is subculture
Viewing one’s own culture and group as superior to others.
Unique characteristics of a group within a group.
29
What are mores?
Expectations of behavior.
Norms that are not moral in nature.
Norms that are moral in nature
30
What is a Primary Group
Long-term or permanent group
Impersonal and usually temporary,
Structure, goals, and activities of the group are formally defined.
31
What’s nonmaterial culture
Non-physical examples of culture. Beliefs, values, language, etc.
Physical examples of culture. Design, architecture, books, etc.
32
Who is Auguste Comte?
Believed that scholars should try to improve society, not just study it.
Founder of Sociology
created the idea that class struggle is a primary actor is society
Created Social Darwinism
33
What is a Ascribed Status
Status acquired through direct efforts.
Status that is the greatest role in your life at the moment.
Status assigned due to characteristics beyond your control.
34
What is a Horticultural Society?
Fully settled society which ives by large-scale farming
society which grows on small-scale farms
people which survive by domesticating herds of animals.
35
what’s a Correlation Coefficient
Method that establishes a degree relationship between two characteristics
Represented by the algebraic figure r
36
What is Anthropology?
Comparative study of past and present cultures.
The study of human social behavior in a group
Study of behavior and mental processes.
Study of organization and operation of governments.
37
What is Sociology ?
Study of production, distribution, and consumption of goods.
The study of human social behavior in a group
Study of behavior and mental processes.
Comparative study of past and present cultures.
38
What is the conflict perspective
Society is based on a central system of authority.
focuses on the relationships, values, and feelings of those individuals.
Everything and everyone has a function.
39
What is Pagan?
Hinduism
Feng-Shui
Any polytheistic religion that is not one of the major world religions
40
What are norms
Expectations of behavior.
Norms that are not moral in nature.
Norms that are moral in nature
41
What is Social Darwinism?
Those who exercise most will always survive
The belief that society should be moral and kind.
“Survival of the fittest”
A term meaning “class struggle”
42
what’s a correlation method?
Represented by the algebraic figure r,
Method that establishes a degree relationship between two characteristics
43
What is a Pastoral Society?
Fully settled society which ives by large-scale farming
people which survive by domesticating herds of animals.
society which grows on small-scale farms
44
What is Bureaucracy?
Ranked authority structure that operates according to specific rules
Large, organized secondary group such as school or business.
Tendency of organizations to become dominated by small groups of people
45
What is an Agricultural Society?
survive by domesticating herds of animals.
society which grows on small-scale farms
using a subsistence strategy of harvesting wild plants and game.
Fully settled society which ives by large-scale farming
46
what’s a Experimental Group
same environment as the experimentals but not to the independent variable.
Participants exposed to the independent variable, or the treatment.
47
who is Émile Durkheim
Created Social Darwinism
Frenchman who created the idea of the Sociological function
who created the idea that class struggle is a primary factor in society.
created the idea that class struggle is a primary actor is society
48
What is Gesellschaft?
Relationships are based on need instead of emotion.
Most people know each other and have a strong sense of community.
49
What is a achieved status ?
Status acquired through direct efforts.
Status that is the greatest role in your life at the moment.
Status assigned due to characteristics beyond your control.
50
What is the Protestantism
Dominant religion in India
The Type of Christianity begun by Martin Luther in the 16th century
Any polytheistic religion that is not one of the major world religions
51
What is the Orthodox Church
The leader of the Roman Catholic Church
The Type of Christianity begun by Martin Luther in the 16th century
The Christian religion most popular in Eastern Europe and the Middle East
52
What is a Secondary Group
Structure, goals, and activities of the group are formally defined.
Long-term or permanent group
No official structure.
Impersonal and usually temporary
53
What is Gemeinschaft
Relationships are based on need instead of emotion.
Most people know each other and have a strong sense of community.
54
What is the cost benefit analysis?
Weighing of the benefits and skills involved before taking an action.
people motivated by self-interest in their interactions with other people
55
Who is Karl Marx
who created the idea that class struggle is a primary factor in society.
Believed that scholars should try to improve society, not just study it.
who underscored the role of race in social interactions.
who developed the model of the Ideal Type and Verstehen
56
What is the interactionist perspective
Society is based on a central system of authority
Everything and everyone has a function.
focuses on the relationships, values, and feelings of those individuals.
57
What is a Post-Industrial Society?
Economy focused on providing information and services.
Focus on production of manufactured goods instead of food
