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AP Psychology Exam Review #1 Flashcards | StudBud
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AP Psychology Exam Review #1
AP Psychology Exam Review #1
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Units 1-8
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1
Ads are more effective when the communicators are: I. Attractive; II. Famous; III. Experts
I, II, and III
II and III
I and II
II Only
2
Which neurotransmitter is affected by opiates?
Serotonin
Dopamine
Endorphins
GABA
3
Symbolic dream analysis might be used by a psychologist from which perspective?
Structuralist
Behaviorist
Biopsychologist
Psychoanalytic
4
Which of the following concepts is most integral to Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory?
Gestalt Theory
The unconscious mind
Behaviorism
Structuralism
5
Paul takes a test in the army to see if he would make a good pilot. Such a test is a(n)...?
Achievement test
Standardized test
Aptitude test
Intelligence test
6
Which of the following is the best example of prejudice?
Billy won't let girls play on his hockey team.
Mr. Tamp calls on boys more often than girls.
Santiago dislikes cheerleaders.
Ginny thinks all Asians are smart.
7
Which of the following attachment styles did Mary Ainsworth find most often in her research?
Authoritative
Authoritarian
Avoidant
Secure
8
Agonists are psychoactive drugs that...
Mimic the same effects as certain neurotransmitters.
Produce tolerance to the drug without withdrawal symptoms.
Mimic neurotransmitters and block their receptor sites.
Enhance the effects of certain opiates like heroin.
9
What is the median of the following distribution: 6, 2, 9, 4, 7, 3?
5.5
6
4.5
5
10
Antidepressant drugs that treat mood disorders affect which type of neurotransmitter?
Serotonin
Endorphins
Acetylcholine
Adrenaline
11
According to research, the most advantageous parenting style for children's development is...
Authoritarian, because children learn boundaries quickly.
Securely attached, because parents will meet all needs.
Authoritative, because children have justifiable boundaries.
Permissive, because children need to explore.
12
Which of the following two sleep disorders occur most commonly?
Sleep Apnea and Insomnia
Sleep Apnea and Narcolepsy
Night terrors and Sleep Apnea
Insomnia and Narcolepsy
13
Which kind of therapist is most likely to analyze a client's dreams?
Behaviorist
Psychoanalytic
Cognitive
Humanistic
14
You find a slug on the shed only after it rains. What kind of reinforcement schedule is this?
Variable Ratio
Variable Interval
Continuous
Fixed Interval
15
Perceived control over a stressful event results in...
Less reported stress.
More motivation to solve the stressful problem.
More frustration regarding the stressful event.
Increased arousal.
16
If a test is reliable, it means that...
It yields consistent results.
It is also valid.
It is given in the same way every time.
It tests what it is supposed to test.
17
The cochlea is responsible for...
Transmitting vibrations to the hammer, anvil, and stirrup.
Protecting the surface of the eye.
Sending messages to the brain about the body's orientation.
Transforming vibrations into neural signals.
18
Which of the following is an example of positive reinforcement?
Going inside to escape a thunderstorm.
Depriving a prison inmate of sleep.
Buying a child a video game after she throws a tantrum.
Assigning a student a detention for fighting.
19
Which aspect of the nervous system is activated to calm down a body after a fight-or flight episode?
Somatic NS
Sympathetic NS
Autonomic NS
Parasympathetic NS
20
Which of the following best describes the relationship between sensation and perception?
Sensation is in the senses while perception is in the brain.
Sensation detects stimuli, perception interprets stimuli.
Perception is an advanced form of sensation.
Sensation is mechanical, while perception is cognitive.
21
Which is NOT one of the big five personality traits?
Honesty
Openness
Extraversion
Agreeableness
22
Which reinforcement schedule would most quickly teach a cat to jump through a hoop?
Fixed Ratio
Continuous
Variable Ratio
Fixed Interval
23
Which sentence most accurately describes sensory memory?
Encodes only sensations we are currently attending to.
Records all incoming sensations, remembering them forever.
Perfectly stores all sensory input for a limited time.
Decides which memories to encode in long-term memory.
24
Which statement about bulimia is true?
Bulimics lose in excess of 15 percent of their body weight.
The main cause of bulimia is society's emphasis on thinness.
Bulimics tend to be overly concerned with their body image.
All bulimics use vomiting to rid their bodies of calories.
25
You tense up after hearing scary music during a horror film. In this case, the music is a(n)...
US
CS
CR
UR
26
Weber's Law determines...
Level of subliminal messages
Amplitude of sound waves
Just-noticeable difference
Absolute threshold
27
Some researchers consider developmental psychology an applied research topic because...
Researchers apply findings from other areas of psychology.
Pure research is difficult to gain support for.
Original research in this area is difficult.
It is more easily applied to people's lives than research.
28
Phonemes and morphemes refer to...
Elements of language.
Basic elements of memories stored in long-term memory.
Elements of telegraphic speech toddlers use.
Two types of influences language has on thought.
29
Paralysis of the left arm might be explained by a problem in the...
Motor cortex in the occipital lobe in the right hemisphere.
Motor cortex in the parietal lobe in the left hemisphere.
Motor cortex in the frontal lobe of the right hemisphere.
Motor cortex in the frontal lobe in the left hemisphere.
30
Which of the following is an example of random sampling?
Having a computer generate a random list of 100 students.
Picking out of a hat to assign subjects to a condition.
Flipping a coin to assign students to two different tests.
Approaching any 50 students during 6th-period lunch.
31
Which concept from memory directly contradicts the belief that humans never forget anything?
Sensory Memory
Recovered Memory
Selective Attention
Constructive Memory
32
Which of the following is not one of Howard Gardner's multiple intelligences?
Practical
Linguistic
Musical
Spatial
33
Wilhelm Wundt used a research methodology called...?
Introspection
Inferential
Structuralism
Naturalistic observation
34
Industrial-Organizational psychologists encourage the Theory Y management style, meaning
Rewards and punishments are the best for increasing productivity
Using the correct schedule of reinforcement is ideal
Allowing employees to be creative are thus empowered to be productive
35
Which of the following neurotransmitters allows you to have control over your muscles?
Thorazine
Dopamine
Acetylcholine
Serotonin
36
"Brain plasticity" refers to...
The brain's ability to regrow damaged neurons.
New connections forming to take over for damaged sections.
Our adaptability to different problems.
The surface texture of the cerebral cortex.
37
The balanced physiological state we are driven to attain by satisfying our needs is called...?
Homeostasis
Self-actualization
Equilibrium
Primary satisfaction
38
Which method of therapy is most eclectic?
Token economy
Psychodynamic
Psychoanalytic
Client-centered
39
Sandy scores a perfect 100 on a test everyone else fails. Graphically, the data would be...
Positively skewed
Normal
A straight line
Negatively skewed
40
According to the Bystander Effect, if an accident occurs in front of a crowd, what is the most likely response?
People will just pass by
Multiple people will call for others to help but won't do anything else
Multiple people will stop to help out
One person will stop and provide aid
41
The Flynn Effect is the finding that...
The more people take a test, the better they tend to score.
Television has decreased intellectual performance.
Intelligence seems to increase with every generation.
Linguistic skills decline with age.
42
Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory has been criticized for being...
Based on large groups, not individual cases.
Too applicable for research settings.
Appropriate for only female patients.
Unscientific and unverifiable
43
Which process involves counterconditioning?
Transference
Systematic desensitization
ECT
Somatic therapy
44
Which of the following is an example of a generalized reinforcer?
Money
Applause
Chocolate cake
High grades
45
The principal difference between a longitudinal study and a cross-sectional study is...
The number of participants involved.
The time span of the study.
The statistical methods employed to evaluate the data.
The developmental stage of the participants.
46
Which of the following is an example of the representativeness heuristic?
Solving problems how you always have done in the past
Solving a problem by breaking it down into smaller parts.
Believing younger people are more likely to start fights.
Making a judgment according to past experiences.
47
Which of the following is not an anxiety disorder?
Panic Disorder
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Conversion Disorder
Agoraphobia
48
Behaviorists explain human thought and behavior as a result of...
Past conditioning
Individual choice
Biological processes
Unconscious behavioral impulses
49
The information-processing theory states that dreams...
Occur as the brain deals with daily events during REM sleep.
Are representations of the information we encode daily.
Are by-products of how our brain processes information.
Occur only after stressful events.
50
Someone who has an external locus of control is likely to have...
A positive self-concept.
A strong libido.
A high sense of self-efficacy.
A belief in luck.
51
Which approach toward personality aligns the closest to nurture?
Psychoanalytic
Humanistic
Behaviorist
Biological
52
A therapist who uses whatever perspective "works best" for the patient is described as...
Eclectic
Social-cultural
Functionalist
Humanist
53
All schizophrenics suffer from...
Depression
Multiple personalities
Hallucinations
Compulsions
54
Which of the following psychologists might have described himself as a humanist?
B.F. Skinner
John Watson
Ivan Pavlov
Abraham Maslow
55
A negative side-effect of ECT is...
Tardive dyskinesia
Hallucinations
Hysteria
Memory loss
56
Blindness could result from damage to which cortex and lobe of the brain?
Visual cortex in the occipital lobe.
Visual cortex in the temporal lobe.
Visual cortex in the frontal lobe.
Cerebral cortex in the occipital lobe.
57
Generating alternate hypotheses to explain a phenomenon demonstrates which Piagetian stage?
Formal operations
Syllogistic
Operational
Abstract reasoning
58
Theoretically, random assignment should eliminate...
Many confounding variables
The need for a representative sample
Sampling error
Concerns over validity
59
Depression is associated with low levels of...
Serotonin
Dopamine
Acetylcholine
Epinephrine
60
All of the following people are known for their theories of intelligences, EXCEPT...?
Thurstone
Flynn
Sternberg
Gardner
61
Who is credited with creating client-centered therapy?
Fritz Perls
Albert Ellis
Aaron Beck
Carl Rogers
62
Gate-Control Theory refers to...
Blocking sound waves, causing some waves to be undetected.
Which pain messages are perceived.
How our minds use either bottom-up or top-down processing.
Which sensory impulses are transmitted first.
63
Redirecting unacceptable urges into more acceptable pursuits defines which defense mechanism?
Regression
Rationalization
Sublimation
Denial
64
To establish behaviorism as a paradigm of psychology, John Watson relied on the work of...?
Sigmund Freud
B.F. Skinner
Wilhelm Wundt
Ivan Pavlov
65
According to Erikson's theory, adolescents are primarily concerned in a search for...?
Identity
Career
Autonomy
Affection
66
Night Terrors and Somnambulism usually occur during which stage of sleep?
REM Sleep
Stage 1
REM Sleep, but only later in the night.
Stage 4
67
One of the principal differences between ethical guidelines for human and animal research is...
Humans must be chosen much more carefully than animals.
Conditions for humans must be monitored more closely.
Animals can be placed at much greater risk than humans.
Humans can be deceived for experimental purposes.
68
In the Milgram studies, the dependent measure was...?
The location of the learner.
The instructions given by the experimenter.
The highest level of shock supposedly administered.
The number of people in the group.
69
According to the nativist theory and the language acquisition device, language is acquired...
Using an inborn ability to learn language.
Best in the language and culture native to the family.
By parents reinforcing correct language use.
Only if instruction is provided in the native language.
70
Schachter's theory states what about the relationship between emotion & physiological reaction?
Physiological reactions and emotions occur simultaneously.
Emotions are caused simply by physiological reactions.
Physiological reactions are caused simply by emotions.
A combination of reactions & interpretation causes emotions.
71
One of your classmates remarks that "Ryan is all id." What does she likely mean?
Ryan is a highly-ethical person.
Ryan is a perfectionist.
Ryan uses a lot of defense mechanisms.
Ryan frequently pursues immediate gratification.
72
Schizophrenia is most likely to be treated with...?
Prozac
Lithium
Valium
Haldol
73
If you only had sight in one eye, which of the following depth cues could you NOT use?
Convergence
Interposition
Linear perspective
Texture gradient
74
In most people, which of the following is a specific function of the left hemisphere?
Spatial reasoning
Abstract reasoning
Control of the left hand
Producing speech
75
Which aspects of hunger are controlled by the lateral and ventromedial hypothalamus?
Body temperature and desire to eat.
The desire to eat and the feeling of fullness.
Contraction and expansion of the stomach.
The binge and purge cycle in bulimics.
76
Psychologists prefer the experimental method to other research methods because...
It is easier to obtain a random sample.
Experiments can show cause-effect relationships.
Experiments result in statistically significant findings.
Experiments are more likely to support hypotheses.
77
Which of the following are reasons why intrinsic motivation might be better than extrinsic?
Intrinsic is easier and more convenient to provide.
Intrinsic might be more enduring.
Intrinsic is more effective with a wider range of people.
Intrinsic is higher on Maslow's hierarchy of needs.
78
In which stage of cognitive development do infants learn object permanence?
Formal Operations
Pre-operational
Sensorimotor
Conventional
79
Which of the following is most likely to reduce hostility between antagonistic groups?
Give groups a task that must be solved by working together.
Punish the groups whenever they treat each other badly.
Force the groups to spend a lot of time together.
Encourage them to avoid each other as much as possible.
80
Parental involvement can have dramatic effects on all of the following human traits, EXCEPT...?
Intelligence
Motor development
Reading ability
Self-esteem
81
Which of the following is an example of the circadian rhythm?
A woman's menstrual cycle
The NREM-REM cycle
The action potential of a neuron
A person's sleep-wake cycle
82
Juan hears voices that tell him to kill people. Juan is experiencing...
Compulsions
Hallucinations
Delusions
Obsessions
83
Which brain scans should be used when studying connections between stimuli and brain processes?
EKG and CAT
MRI and CAT
PET and EEG
CAT and EKG
