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World History Chapter 2 (Enlightenment and the American Revolution) Flashcards | StudBud
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World History Chapter 2 (Enlightenment and the American Revolution)
World History Chapter 2 (Enlightenment and the American Revolution)
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1
Diderot's
Encyclopedia
was important because it
spread Enlightenment ideas
compiled classical Greek and Roman works
was the first publication to include articles by women
was the first publican printed with moveable type
2
The Battle of Saratoga was important to the American Revolution because
it caused the British to end the war
the American victory convinced France to support America
it was the first American defeat in the war
3
An enlightened despot was a ruler who
influenced political and social change
shared power with the people
allowed limited voting rights
4
They system of checks and balances in the United States Constitution was influenced by
Voltaire
Rousseau
Diderot
Montesquieu
5
The grand, formal style of art called ___ was popular during the rule of Louis XIV.
baroque
realism
rococo
6
He was chosen by the Continental Congress to lead American forces in the American Revolution
George Washington
Benedict Arnold
Benjamin Franklin
7
Because the American colonies were home to diverse religious and ethnic groups,
they did not feel entitled to the rights of English citizens
they tended to support British taxes.
social distinctions were more blurred than in Europe.
8
What statement best describes Voltaire's novel
Candide
?
emphasizes heavenly reward for earthly suffering
supports a society based on a class system
advocates the divine right to rule
exposes corruption and hypocrisy
9
What is the most accurate about the "Divine Right of Kings" concept?
it has never deeply influenced Western Civilization
it is a system determined by the birth line
it is a system that promotes merit
10
In 1700s merchants gained vast wealth by dominating what type of trade with Spanish America?
slaves
molasses
tea
cotton
11
In
A Vindication of the Rights of Woman
Mary Wollstonecraft argued that women and men should
have equal job opportunities
have equal voting rights
have equal education
12
What argument did government and church officials use to justify their war of censorship?
the old order reflects natural law
a strict class system ensures social justice
the old order respects Roman tradition
God set up the old order
13
The document that tells King John he is not above the law is the
U.S. Constitution
Magna Carta
Justinian Code
14
Economist who argued for free markets in which businesses can operate with few government rules
Karl Marx
Adam Smith
John Locke
15
Enlightenment writers sometimes tried to avoid censorship by
writing in Latin
disguising their ideas as fiction
putting false covers on their books
supporting a strict class system
16
He wrote most of the Declaration of Independence.
Thomas Jefferson
Sam Adams
James Madison
17
What did physiocrats believe was the best trade policy?
laissez faire
mercantilism
tariffs
18
In an informal social gathering called a __ Enlightenment thinkers could talk about their ideas
meeting
party
salon
19
What thinker argued that the purpose of government is to safeguard peoples' natural rights?
Voltaire
Rene Descartes
Thomas Hobbes
John Locke
20
What is the most accurate about monarchies in Europe after the American and French Revolutions?
monarchies decline
monarchies adapt to a system that incorporates the process
monarchies flourish
21
The Enlightenment thinker ____ believed in the idea of separation of powers in government.
Jefferson
Montesquieu
Hobbes
22
Which of the following British laws imposed taxes on such items as newspapers and pamphlets?
Stamp Act
Navigation Act
Declaratory Act
Sugar Act
23
Simon Bolivar took the ideas of ___ and used them to lead a revolution in South America.
John Locke
Napoleon Bonaparte
Age of Reason
24
Which of the following was an advantage of the colonies in the American Revolution?
diverse geography
a large number of trained soldiers
allies among Native Americans and enslaved peoples
large money resources for military supplies
25
The principle of _____ states that all government power comes from the people.
communism
popular sovereignty
democracy
26
The first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution are referred to as the
English Bill of Rights
Bill of Rights
Diet
27
Taxes placed on the colonies by the government of __ helped bring about the American Revolution
Henry VIII
George III
Bloody Mary
28
The idea of separation of powers in the Constitution was borrowed from Enlightenment thinker
Voltaire
Montesquieu
Rousseau
Locke
29
American democracy would most accurately be described as
parliamentary democracy
indirect democracy
multi-party democracy
30
The Judeo-Christian ethic has been integral in the promotion of
the Ten Commandments
Social Darwinism
individual civil liberties for all
31
What unique method did Joseph II use to find out about the problems of peasants?
He traveled among them in disguise.
He asked them to post their problems in the town square.
He asked them to tell their problems to the clergy.
32
American leaders gathered in Philadelphia in 1787 to revise
the Declaration of Independence
the Magna Carta
the Articles of Confederation
33
Economist Adam Smith argued that, in a free market, business activity would be regulated by
manufacturing and trade
saving and investment
wages and prices
supply and demand
34
Enlightenment writers often faced censorship because they
wrote fiction
supported traditional ideas
challenged the old order
35
The Constitution created a federal republic, which divided powers between
two houses of parliament
branches of the state government
the government and the people
national and state governments
36
A light delicate style of art used during the reign of Louis XV was
rococo
abstract
classical
37
He helped spread Enlightenment ideas by publishing a collection of articles by leading thinkers
Diderot
Adam Smith
Franklin
38
Elegant compositions by Handel, Haydn, and Mozart reflected this new Enlightenment style
classical
folk
baroque
romantic
39
According to Thomas Hobbes, the best form of government is
a federal republic
Scientific Revolution
a democracy
an absolute monarchy
40
Enlightenment thinkers were influenced by the idea of natural law that emerged from the
Reformation
Renaissance
Scientific Revolution
Glorious Revolution