Following a scientific method, which of the following is the correct order of steps?

Observation, Hypothesis, Experiment, Analysis, Conclusion, Comm. results

What is the major structural difference between starch and glycogen?

the amount of branching that occurs in the molecule

Which of the following is not one of Charles Darwin's observations?

pop. avoid comp. by prod. only offspring that successfully reproduce on own

Which of the following is true of unsaturated fats?

They have double bonds in their fatty acid chains.

Which of these provides evidence of the common ancestry of all life?

near universality of the genetic code

A primary objective of cell fractionation is to

separate major organelles so their particular functions can be determined

The difference between an aldose sugar and a ketose sugar is ________.

the position of the carbonyl group

A tripeptide has ________.

three amino acids and two peptide bonds

Which of the following descriptions best fits the class of molecules known as nucleotides?

a nitrogenous base, a phosphate group, and a sugar

Which of the following statements about the 5 end of a polynucleotide strand of RNA is correct?

The 5 end has a phosphate group attached to the number 5 carbon of ribose

A fat (or triacylglycerol) would be formed as a result of a dehydration reaction between ________.

three molecules of 9 and one molecule of 10

For lipids to be fluid at room temperature, they should have ________.

a higher number of cis double bonds

Which of the following statements is true?

All forms of life employ the same genetic code

Starch is composed of ________.

branched amylopectin and unbranched amylose

Which of the following order is correct in terms of the hierarchy of the organization?

Biosphere → Ecosystem →Community → Population → Organism

One of the primary functions of RNA molecules is to ________.

function in the synthesis of proteins

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BIO145 Exam 1

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1
Following a scientific method, which of the following is the correct order of steps?
Observation, Hypothesis, Experiment, Analysis, Conclusion, Comm. results
Observation, Hypothesis, Experiment, Comm. results, Analysis, Conclusion
Experiment, Hypothesis, Observation, Analysis, Conclusion, Comm. results
Observation, Analysis, Hypothesis, Conclusion, Comm. results, Experiment
2
Which structure is the site of the synthesis of proteins that may be exported from the cell?
plasmodesmata
lysosomes
free cytoplasmic ribosomes
rough ER
3
Which structure is NOT part of the endomembrane system?
nuclear envelope
Golgi apparatus
chloroplast
ER
4
Which type of organelle or structure is primarily involved in the synthesis of oils, phospholipids, and steroids?
ribosome
mitochondrion
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
lysosome
5
Thylakoids, DNA, and ribosomes are all components found in
mitochondria.
vacuoles.
nuclei.
chloroplasts.
6
Which molecule is a saturated fatty acid?
8
1
5
9
7
What is the major structural difference between starch and glycogen?
the amount of branching that occurs in the molecule
the types of monosaccharide subunits in the molecules
whether glucose is in the α or β form
the type of glycosidic linkages in the molecule
8
Which of the following is not one of Charles Darwin's observations?
Species generally are adapted to their environments
Individuals in a population vary in their traits.
Many of the traits in an individual are heritable.
pop. avoid comp. by prod. only offspring that successfully reproduce on own
9
The smallest cell structure that would most likely be visible with a standard research-grade light microscope is
a microfilament.
a microtubule.
a ribosome.
a mitochondrion.
10
Which of the following molecules is the pentose sugar found in RNA?
6
1
12
13
11
Cells require which of the following to form cilia or flagella?
actin
intermediate filaments
secretory vesicles
centrosomes
12
Which structure is common to plant and animal cells?
centriole
mitochondrion
central vacuole
chloroplast
13
Which of the following pairs of molecules could be joined together by a peptide bond in a dehydration reaction?
8 and 9
7 and 8
2 and 3
12 and 13
14
All of the following are part of a prokaryotic cell except
DNA.
ribosomes.
a plasma membrane.
an endoplasmic reticulum.
15
Which of the following are nitrogenous bases of the pyrimidine type?
cytosine and uracil
adenine and thymine
guanine and adenine
ribose and deoxyribose
16
Which type of cells utilize DNA as their genetic material but do not have their DNA encased within a nuclear envelope?
archaean
fungi
animal
plant
17
The molecule shown the figure is a ________.
steroid
phospholipid
triacylglycerol
fatty acid
18
Which polysaccharide is an important component in the structure of many animals and fungi?
chitin
amylopectin
amylose
cellulose
19
Which of the following is true of unsaturated fats?
They are more common in animals than in plants.
They have double bonds in their fatty acid chains.
They contain more hydrogen than saturated fats w same # of carbon atoms.
They generally solidify at room temperature.
20
body temperature rises on a hot day + hormonal mechanisms activate sweating. Evaporation of sweat cools body surface
chemical cycling
positive feedback regulation
negative feedback regulation
emergent properties
21
A localized group of organisms that belong to the same species is called a ________.
family
community
ecosystem
population
22
Which cell would be best for studying lyosomes?
bacterial cell
phagocytic white blood cell
nerve cell
muscle cell
23
Which of these provides evidence of the common ancestry of all life?
structure of chloroplasts
structure of cilia
near universality of the genetic code
structure of the nucleus
24
Which organelle is the primary site of ATP synthesis in eukaryotic cells?
Peroxisome
mitochondrion
lysosome
Golgi apparatus
25
evolution of one species into two(+) species as result of diff. pop. becom. reproductively isolated from e/o is termed
adaptive radiation
creationism
natural selection
prototype
26
As letters are to English language, ______ is/are to genetic information.
proteins
proteins and nucleotides
nucleotides
DNA double helix
27
Which organelle or structure is absent in plant cells?
centrosomes
Golgi vesicles
microtubules
peroxisomes
28
A primary objective of cell fractionation is to
separate lipid-soluble from water-soluble molecules
separate major organelles so their particular functions can be determined
sort cells based on their size and weight
view the structure of cell membranes
29
The difference between an aldose sugar and a ketose sugar is ________.
the number of carbon atoms
the position of the carbonyl group
the position of the hydroxyl groups
the ring form and the linear chain
30
A glycosidic linkage is analogous to which of the following in proteins?
a disulfide bond
a β pleated sheet
an amino group
a peptide bond
31
Which of the following produces and modifies polysaccharides that will be secreted?
Peroxisome
Golgi apparatus
mitochondrion
lysosome
32
A tripeptide has ________.
two amino acids and three peptide bonds
three amino acids and two peptide bonds
four amino acids and three peptide bonds
three amino acids and three peptide bonds
33
Which of the following categories includes all others in the list?
Starch
Disaccharide
Carbohydrate
Polysaccharide
34
Which of the following is not a polymer?
DNA
RNA
glucose
starch
35
Which of the following descriptions best fits the class of molecules known as nucleotides?
a sugar and a purine or pyrimidine
a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group
a nitrogenous base, a phosphate group, and a sugar
a nitrogenous base and a sugar
36
Which of the following statements about the 5 end of a polynucleotide strand of RNA is correct?
The 5 end has a hydroxyl group attached to the number5 carbon of ribose
The 5 end has a carboxyl group attached to the number5 carbon of ribose
The 5 end has a phosphate group attached to the number 5 carbon of ribose
The 5 end has phosphate attached to the # 5 carbon of the nitrogenous base
37
Which of the following statements is true for lipids?
Lipids mix poorly with water.
Lipids are true polymers.
Lipids are true polymers and mix poorly with water.
Waxes and pigments are not lipids.
38
Which organelle often takes up much of the volume of a plant cell?
Peroxisome
mitochondrion
vacuole
lysosome
39
A fat (or triacylglycerol) would be formed as a result of a dehydration reaction between ________.
one molecule of 5 and three molecules of 9
one molecule of 9 and three molecules of 10
one molecule of 5 and three molecules of 10
three molecules of 9 and one molecule of 10
40
Which of the following is true of natural selection?
It involves differential reproductive success.
all of above
It requires genetic variation.
It results in descent with modification.
41
For lipids to be fluid at room temperature, they should have ________.
single bonds only
a longer carbon chain
a higher number of glycerol molecules
a higher number of cis double bonds
42
What does the term insoluble fiber refer to on food packages?
Polypeptides
Cellulose
starch
amylopectin
43
Which plant cell organelle contains its own DNA and ribosomes?
vacuole
mitochondrion
Golgi apparatus
glyoxysome
44
You are suffering from Streptococcus throat infection. What do you share with the bacteria?
You and Streptococcus have nothing in common
You both belong to the same domain.
You both have genetic material in your nucleus.
You both are made up of cells.
45
Which of the following statements is true?
mRNA is the only type of RNA found in the living system
A typical human liver cell has one set of chromosomes
Organisms interact but do not affect their environment
All forms of life employ the same genetic code
46
Starch is composed of ________.
unbranched amylopectin and branched amylose
unbranched amylopectin and unbranched amylose
branched amylopectin and branched amylose
branched amylopectin and unbranched amylose
47
Container of margarine lists “hydrogenated vegetable oil” as the major ingredient. Hydrogenated vegetable oil ________.
has fewer trans fatty acids
has more "kinks" in the fatty acid chains
is solid at room temperature
is less likely to clog arteries
48
Which of the following order is correct in terms of the hierarchy of the organization?
Ecosystem → Biosphere → Population → Community → Organism
Biosphere → Ecosystem → Population → Community → Organism
Ecosystem → Community → Biosphere → Population → Organism
Biosphere → Ecosystem →Community → Population → Organism
49
The following structures is primarily involved in detoxification of poisons and drugs and abundant in liver cells
Golgi apparatus
transport vesicles
rough ER
smooth ER
50
People who are lactose intolerant cannot extract energy from milk because
they are missing an enzyme
they are missing the bacteria that can digest lactose
lactose is too big to be digested by the enzymes
milk is fermented to a by-product, which cannot be digested
51
One of the primary functions of RNA molecules is to ________.
transmit genetic information to offspring
make a copy of itself, thus ensuring genetic continuity
function in the synthesis of proteins
act as a pattern or blueprint to form DNA
52
The process by which the information in a gene directs the synthesis of a protein is called ________.
cloning
replication
gene expression
post translation modification
53
Which type of organelle is found in plant cells but not in animal cells?
ribosomes
mitochondria
nuclei
plastids
54
Large numbers of ribosomes are present in cells that specialize in producing which of the following molecules?
lipids
nucleic acids
glycogen
proteins
55
The molecule shown is ________.
maltose
a pentose
fructose
a hexose
56
Prokaryotes are classified as belonging to two different domains. What are the domains?
Archaea and Protista
Bacteria and Eukarya
Bacteria and Protista
Bacteria and Archaea
57
The molecule illustrated in the figure ________.
stores genetic information
is a carbohydrate
will be liquid at room temperature
is a saturated fatty acid
58
What makes lipids/fats hydrophobic?
the glycerol moiety
the carboxyl group at one end of the molecule
presence of relatively nonpolar C—H bonds
their long carbon skeleton
59
Which molecule has both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties and is found in plasma membranes?
5
1
14
12
60
Which branch of biology is concerned with the naming and classifying of organisms?
taxonomy
genomics
informatics
evolution
61
Which of the following combinations of molecules illustrated could be linked to form a nucleotide?
3, 7, and 8
1, 2, and 11
5, 9, and 10
11, 12, and 13
62
Which of the following descriptions best fits the class of molecules known as nucleotides?
a pentose sugar and a purine or pyrimidine
a nitrogenous base and a pentose sugar
a nitrogenous base, a phosphate group, and a pentose sugar
a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group
63
Plants convert
sunlight to chemical energy.
chemical energy to mechanical energy.
mechanical energy to chemical energy.
sunlight to mechanical energy.
64
Which of the following statements is true regarding the complexity of biological systems?
Understand chem struct of DNA reveal how it directs the funct of livingcell
An ecosystem displays complex properties of the biotic component only.
knowing function = know structure and organization of the living system.
understanding of the interactions bw diff components w/in a living system
65
What component of amino acid structure varies among different amino acids?
the glycerol molecule that forms the backbone of the amino acid
the long carbon-hydrogen tails of the molecule
the presence of a central C atom
the components of the R group
66
amylase can break glycosidic linkages between glucose monomers. Which of the following could amylase break down?
starch, chitin, and cellulose
glycogen and cellulose
cellulose and chitin
glycogen, starch, and amylopectin
67
Phospholipids and triglycerides both ________.
have three fatty acids
contain serine or some other organic compound
have a phosphate
have a glycerol backbone
68
Hydrolytic enz. segregated & packaged to prevent destruction of cellular components. Which contain hydrolytic enzymes?
peroxisome
glyoxysome
central vacuole
lysosome
69
Which of the following molecules is a purine nitrogenous base?
13
12
5
2
70
You would like to lose weight. Which of the following should be your preferred food group?
Sucrose and starch
Cellulose and fructose
Lactose and glucose
Starch and fructose
71
How do phospholipids interact with water molecules?
Phospholipids dont interact w water bc water is polar + lipids are nonpolar
The polar heads interact with water; the nonpolar tails do not.
Phospholipids dissolve in water.
The polar heads avoid water; the nonpolar tails attract water
72
Which of the following is a major difference between RNA and DNA?
type of sugar
type of glycosidic bond
type of purines
type of phosphate
73
The application of scientific knowledge for some specific purpose is known as ________.
pure science
deductive science
technology
inductive science
74
The chemical reaction illustrated ________.
is a hydrolysis reaction
joins two fatty acids together
results in a peptide bond
links two polymers to form a monomer
75
Homo sapiens have 23 pairs of chromosomes. This implies that ________.
46 double-stranded DNA molecules present in e/a somatic cell
several hundreds of genes are present on DNA but noton the chromosomes
23 single-stranded DNA molecules present in e/a somatic cell
23 double-stranded DNA molecules present in e/a somatic cell
76
Starch and cellulose ________.
are cis and trans isomers of each other
are structural components of the plant cell wall
are polymers of glucose
are used for energy storage in plants and animals
77
Which of the following best summarizes the relationship between dehydration reactions and hydrolysis?
Hydrolysis react. create polymers, and dehydration react. create monomers.
Dehydration react. assemble polymers hydrolysis react. break polymers apart
Dehydration react. - water 2 membrane hydrolysis react. + water 2 membrane
Dehydration react. and hydrolysis react. assemble polymers from monomers.
78
If one strand of a DNA molecule has the sequence of bases 5′-ATTGCA-3′, the mRNA synthesized following template will be
5′-TAACGT-3′
5′-TGCAAT-3′
5′-UGCAAU-3′
3′-UAACGU-5′
79
Which animal cell organelle contains enzymes that transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen?
lysosome
mitochondrion
Peroxisome
vacuole
80
In comparison to eukaryotes, prokaryotes ________.
are larger
are smaller
are more structurally complex
do not have membranes
81
]Which of the following is a major cause of the size limits for certain types of cells?
need for a surface area of sufficient area to support cells metabolic needs
the difference in plasma membranes between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
evolutionary progression in cell size; more primitive cells = smaller size
rigid cell walls that limit cell size expansion
82
The central rule of molecular biology states that ________.
RNA is transcribed into protein
DNA is translated into protein
DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is translated into protein
DNA is translated into RNA, which is transcribed into protein
83
In carbohydrates, the ratio of hydrogen (H) to oxygen (O) is ________.
2:1
3:1
4:1
1:1
84
A controlled experiment ________.
includes two groups, one differing from the other by two or more variables
includes one group for which the scientistcontrols all variables
includes at least two groups, one does not receive experimental treatment
is repeated many times to ensure that theresults are accurate
85
In a plant cell, DNA may be found
only in the nucleus and mitochondria.
only in the nucleus and chloroplasts.
only in the nucleus.
in the nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts.
86
Which of the following molecules act as building blocks (monomers) of polypeptides?
1, 4, and 6
7, 8, and 13
11, 12, and 13
2, 7, and 8
87
Characters are transmitted from parents to offspring. ________ are the units of inheritance.
Proteins
Genes
DNA
RNA
88
When biologists wish to study the internal ultrastructure of cells, they can achieve the finest resolution by using
a transmission electronic microscope.
a confocal fluorescence microscope.
a phase-contrast light microscope.
a scanning electron microscope.
89
To understand the chemical basis of inheritance we must understand the molecular structure of DNA. This is an example of
emergent properties
feedback regulation
evolution
reductionism
90
Cells are ________.
characteristic of prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms
only found in pairs, because single cells cannot exist independently
limited in size to 200 and 500 micrometers in diameter
characteristic of eukaryotic but not prokaryotic organisms
91
Which of the following diseases are associated with an accumulation of misfolded polypeptides?
Alzheimer's
Alzheimer's and Parkinson's
diabetes mellitus
Parkinson's
92
The advantage of light microscopy over electron microscopy is that
light microscopy provides for higher magnification than electron microscopy
light microscopy provides higher resolving power than electron microscopy
light microscopy allows one to view dynamic processes in living cells.
light microscopy provides higher contrast than electron microscopy.
93
Hemoglobin is ________.
a tertiary protein with two polypeptides
a quaternary protein with four polypeptides
a quaternary protein with two polypeptides
a tertiary protein with four polypeptides
94
Which of the following contains hydrolytic enzymes?
lysosome
Peroxisome
mitochondrion
Golgi apparatus
95
Which of the following could be responsible for atherosclerosis and should be eliminated from diet for health reasons?
butter, liver, and kidney organ meat
liver and kidney organ meat
olive oil
butter
96
You disrupt all hydrogen bonds in a protein. What level of structure will be preserved?
tertiary structure
primary structure
secondary structure
quaternary structure
97
How does a scientific theory differ from a scientific hypothesis?
Hypotheses explanation general phenomenon; theories address specific issues
Confirmed theories become scientific laws;hypotheses become theories.
Theories explanation general phenomenon; hypotheses address specific issues
Theories are proposed to test scientifichypotheses.
98
A molecule with the chemical formula C6H12O6 is probably a ________.
monosaccharide
Polysaccharide
nucleic acid
fatty acid
99
Which of the following contain the 9 + 2 arrangement of microtubules
both flagella and motile cilia
both motile cilia and primary (nonmotile) cilia
both centrioles and basal bodies
both basal bodies and primary (nonmotile) cilia
100
Which of the following structures is primarily involved in detoxification of poisons + drugs abundant in liver cells?
transport vesicles
rough ER
nuclear envelope
smooth ER

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