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HIV/AIDS
HIV/AIDS
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6030 Primary Care of Adults: HIV/AIDS
Flashcards
39 cards
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Practice quiz
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Host live
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Questions
39
Answers
1
Select the potential benefits of early ART. (SATA)
Decrease risk of liver disease progression from Hepatitis B or C
Decreased risk of neurocognitive decline
Decreased risk of HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) and CV disease
Decreased risk of Malignancies (AIDS defining and non-AIDS defining)
Decreased barriers to starting early
Increased efficacy of ART
2
T/F: Active HIV infection always creates viral proteins.
True
False
3
T/F: In prophylaxis treatment for HIV (to prevent opportunistic infections), CD4 determines treatment not symptoms.
True
False
4
ART is recommended to all HIV-infected individuals. Specifically, when should ART be started/initiated?
History of AIDS-defining illness (thrush, kaposis sarcoma)
Age >50years (because of delayed immunity)
HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN)
Pregnancy (to prevent transmission to fetus)
Hepatitis B (HBV) co-infection
5
What are the modes of HIV transmission? (SATA)
Perinatal transmission
Injection drug use
Heterosexual contact
Male to male sexual contact
6
What should be considered in the plan of care for a patient diagnosed with HIV? (SATA)
Barriers and facilitators to care and medication adherence
Access to care, support services, & medications
Patient’s social, emotional, & spiritual milieu
Patient’s desires & motivation to succeed over time
How long since diagnosis
History with medical care
7
What is the main goal of 'Establish Care' for HIV patients?
Cultural humility
How soon care can be started
Unawareness of HIV diagnosis
Leave bias alone
8
Which type of HIV is more common worldwide?
HIV-1
HIV-2
HIV-1 and HIV-2 have the same prevalence
9
What labs or tests should be considered if the APN suspects an HIV infection? (SATA)
HIV Viral Load (or HIV RNA) or CD4 T-cell count/percentage (200/14)
Urinalysis
CBC with differential
MRI or CT scan
X-ray
CMP
10
Which of the following is a risk factor for HIV transmission?
Unprotected intercourse
Regular exercise
Blood donation
Vegetarian diet
11
T/F: HIV antibodies provide protection against HIV infection.
False
True
12
Prevention: behavior modification includes which of the following? (SATA)
Monogamy vs Partner reduction
Opiate substitution treatment (Methadone)
Screen and treat for mental health
Safe sex and drug practices
Prevention message every clinic visit
Consistent condom use
13
Cough is a common symptom of Acute HIV Infection.
True
False
14
What is the key reason for the decrease in adherence to safe practices in individuals with a history of substance abuse?
Accidental needle stick
Blood transfusion
Substance abuse history
Mental illness
15
Screening for gonorrhea, chlamydia, syphilis, & hepatic serologies should be completed every __ months in high risk pts.
8
1
12
3-6
16
Who should receive PrEP?
Sexually active transgender persons without HIV
Persons without HIV who inject drugs
Pts who have used multiple courses of PEP
Sexually active heterosexual men and women without HIV
Sexually active gay and bisexual men without HIV
Pts who've been prescribed nonoccupational PEP&have continued risk behavior
17
What is the period of viral replication called in the natural course of HIV?
Asymptomatic chronic HIV infection
Period of Viral Replication
Recovery and Seroconversion
Acute Retroviral Syndrome
18
Screening for diabetes mellitus & dyslipidemia should be started within __ mo of starting ART, then ____ moving forward.
3 months; then annually
6 months; then every 2 years
2 months; then q6 months
10 months; then q10 months
19
T/F: ART has no alternative effect in patients with PTSD and can be safely administered.
True
False
20
When should deferral of ART be considered? (SATA)
When there are significant barriers to adherence
Clinical or personal factors
To potentially decrease the risk of many complications
If co-morbidities complicate or prohibit ART
21
Where is HIV-2 rare, unless there is direct travel to?
Europe
Asia
West Africa
South America
22
What is the goal of 'Retention in Care' for HIV patients?
Follow up and engagement in care to prevent further infection
Cultural humility
Immediate viral suppression
Unawareness of HIV diagnosis
23
T/F: HIV-2 is less pathogenic than HIV-1.
True
False
24
Asymptomatic chronic HIV infection is not transmissible.
False
True
25
What is a characteristic of HIV-2 compared to HIV-1?
More easily transmitted
Higher likelihood of perinatal transmission
Faster rate of CD4 and T-cell decline
Less pathogenic
26
T/F: Having HIV is a valid reason to not get the meningococcal vaccine for college.
False
True
27
What is Immune Reconstitution Inflammation Syndromes (IRIS)?
When the body redistributes inflammation to other areas
An unfortunate event that happens with all patients diagnosed with HIV
Alternative name for tax collection agency
Paradoxical worsening of a preexisting infection of undiagnosed condition
28
When should PEP be initiated?
Within 1 week of expsoure
ASAP, but within 72 hours of exposure
Patient only have 12 hours to initiate treatment
Within 1 month of expsure
29
What is the main difference between HIV and AIDS?
HIV reduces white blood cells, while AIDS reduces red blood cells
AIDS attacks the immune system and reduces white blood cells
HIV weakens the immune system, while AIDS attacks the immune system
AIDS comes from HIV-2, not HIV-1
30
The natural course of HIV includes a period of viral replication with over 1 million copies.
False
True
31
What is the first stage in the pathophysiology of HIV?
Budding
Binding and entry
Integration
Reverse transcription
32
Unique side effects of ART may include which of the following? (SATA)
Malaise/fatigue
GI upset
Metabolic complications
Peripheral neuropathies and pancreatitis
CNS toxicity (aggravation of mental health complications, vivid dreams)
Hypersensitivity with Abacavir
33
Which statins are contraindicated for co-use with protease inhibitors? (SATA)
Rosuvasatin
Atorvastatin
Lovastatin
Simvastatin
34
What information will the CD4 T-cell count/percentage (200/14) provide? (SATA)
Idea of immune system
Best test for progression and for determining ART
More info about % of WBC
Idea of severity, cannot determine duration
35
What are the five major classes of ART?
Antiretroviral technological inhibitor
Fusion inhibitors/Entry Inhibitors
Non-nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
Integrase Inhibitors
Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NUKES)
Protease Inhibitors
36
How might protease inhibitors and beta blockers interact?
Monitor for hepatotoxicity
Metabolism of BBs in inhibited by PIs
PIs may increase BB level
Starting at a low dose may lead to renal impairment
37
Which of the following are not considered infectious for HIV (unless visibly bloody)?
Feces or urine
Saliva, sputum, or vomit
Tears
Semen or vaginal secretions
Sweat
Nasal secretions
38
T/F: The typical treatment for HIV includes 2 NRTIs and a 3rd drug.
True
False
39
What are common symptoms of Acute HIV Infection?
Joint pain, Muscle weakness, Fatigue
Chest pain, Shortness of breath, Dizziness, Cough
Abdominal pain, Nausea, Vomiting
Fever, Adenopathy, Sore Throat
