Test conformity in a completely unambiguous situation

What is a problem with Gottsman and Shields study?

Can not tell how different their environments were, They would have had the same prenatal environment

What did Milgram's colleagues expect in his study using common sense?

That only 1% of participants would give the 450V shock

What did Leucht find in a meta-analysis? P+N = Positive and negative

The drugs tested were more effective than the placebo

What uses did Wolfgang suggest for official statistics?

Effectiveness of preventative measures, for policy decisions, Measure the volume of crime, detect changes in crime rates

The tiny gap where electrical impulses are converted

20 minute recall remembered more SD to SS, Immediate recall remembered more AD words than AS words.

To find if STM or LTM is acoustically coded

Which of the following is a strength of post mortems?

Established links between language, brain and behaviour, They improve medical knowledge and help generate hypothesis

What is an effective way of entraining circadian rhythms

Using local times for bedtimes, Using local time s for meal times

What does the dopamine hypothesis state?

Excess dopamine is associated with symptoms of schizophrenia

The right hemisphere of the brain is concerned with

Spatical comprehension, emotions and face recognition

What was found in Farrington and Dowds?

Figures r higher in places becaise of how crime is recorded

Assumptions of the humanist approach

Rejection of scientific method, Importance of the experience of the individual

Milgram initial study aim?

To see if the Nazi soldiers were particularly obedient

What else were the participants able to do?

Put their hands through a gap and touch the objects

The three defence mechanisms for crime are:

Denial, sublimination and rationalisation

What is an inference?

Conclusions about non observed processes

Which of the following statements is a criticism of the biological approach?

Diagnosis is subjective and can lead to mistakes

Why did participants recall more semantically dissimilar to semantically similar words?

Words are distinguishable, Words are stored separately

What did Stirling find when comparing 30 schizophrenics and 18 non patients in cognitive tasks?

Patients took over twice as long to name ink colours

Neurotransmitter that stimulates a positive reaction

What did Brown find? (rr = remission rates)

Patients had lower rr when there was no contact with family

Lidz created what ideas?

Marital schisms and marital skews

What is the function of the Pituitary Gland?

Triggers the fight or flight response

What is brain plasticity?

Lost functions are taken over by other areas of the brain

A limitation of modelling studies is that..

They have low ecological validity-artificial behaviour

studbud

Duplicate of Ultimate Psychology Flashcards | StudBud

Duplicate of Ultimate Psychology

610 termsStudBud Administration28 plays

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Questions 610

Answers

1
Aim of Asch's study?
Line study
Look into compliance vs identification
Look into obedience
Test conformity in a completely unambiguous situation
2
What is a problem with Gottsman and Shields study?
Can not tell how different their environments were
Their environments were too different
Their envirnments were the same
They would have had the same prenatal environment
3
Does the diathesis stress model support nature or nurture?
Both
Nurture
Neither
Nature
4
What did Milgram's colleagues expect in his study using common sense?
No one would give the 450V shock
That only 1% of participants would give the 450V shock
Around 80% would give the 450V shock
Everyone would give the 450V shock
5
What did Leucht find in a meta-analysis? P+N = Positive and negative
There was no difference
The placebo was more effective than the drugs tested
The drugs tested were more effective than the placebo
The drugs were more effective with p+n symptoms
6
What uses did Wolfgang suggest for official statistics?
Effectiveness of preventative measures, for policy decisions
To find where crime is more common
All of the above
Measure the volume of crime, detect changes in crime rates
7
The Synapse is
Carries electrical impulses through the neuron
Where the genetic material is contained
The tiny gap where electrical impulses are converted
Gaps in the myelin sheath
8
Findings of Baddeley
20 minute recall remembered more SS to SD
20 minute recall remembered more SD to SS
Immediate recall remembered more AD words than AS words.
Immediate recall remembered more AS words than AD words.
9
Baddeley (1966) Aim
To find if STM or LTM is semantically coded
To find if STM or LTM is acoustically coded
10
What concordance rates did Lange find in MZ and DZ twins?
83% MZ and 8% DZ
100% MZ and 50% DZ
50% MZ and 36% DZ
77% MZ and 12% DZ
11
Which of the following is a strength of post mortems?
Raise ethical issues for consent
Established links between language, brain and behaviour
They improve medical knowledge and help generate hypothesis
Observed damage may be due to unrelated trauma or decay
12
Which study demonstrates support for Freud's theory?
Bruce Reimer
Clive wearing
Little Albert
Little Hans
13
Studies have been criticised for having no exposure to light
True
False
14
What is an effective way of entraining circadian rhythms
Using local times for bedtimes
Nothing
Responding to ones feelings of hunger and fatigue
Using local time s for meal times
15
What does the dopamine hypothesis state?
None of the above
Excess dopamine is associated with symptoms of schizophrenia
There is no dopamine which causes schizophrenia
Too little dopamine causes symptoms of schizophrenia
16
Family dysfunction looks at the environment
True
False
17
What type of determinism is the cognitive approach to gender development?
Minimum determinism
Hard determinism
Biological determinism
Soft determinism
18
LTM coding capacity and duration respectively
acoustic, limited, short
Semantic. unlimited, Lifetime
19
What does a deterministic view show?
More than one view
Holistic view
Some other psychological term
Cause and effect
20
When shown to which visual field, the participants could describe the object with language
Left visual field
Right visual field
21
Identify a study which demonstrates poor ecological validity
All of the above
Ash
Zimbardo
Milgram lad
22
The right hemisphere of the brain is concerned with
Spatical comprehension, emotions and face recognition
Logic, analysis and problem solving
23
What was found in Farrington and Dowds?
Figures are difference anywhere
All crime is recorded the same
Figures r higher in places becaise of how crime is recorded
Some crimes aren't reported
24
Assumptions of the humanist approach
Negative view of human nature
Rejection of scientific method
Animal studies are helpful
Importance of the experience of the individual
25
Milgram initial study aim?
See how state effects obedience
To see if the Nazi soldiers were particularly obedient
To look into the context of obedience
26
What else were the participants able to do?
Smell the objects
Hear the objects
See the objects in front of them, not on the projection
Put their hands through a gap and touch the objects
27
The three defence mechanisms for crime are:
Denial, subliminal and displacement
Displacement, sublimination and repression
Denial, sublimination and rationalisation
Denial, displacement and repression
28
Hostile attribution bias is believing others are out to get them
False
True
29
What is a Phenotype
Environmental factors
Personality
Genetic makeup
Brain structure
30
What is a Genotype
Genetic makeup
Personality
Brain structure
Environmental factors
31
There is an evolutionary basis in the menstrual cycle
True
False
32
The most common compulsions are cleaning, washing, checking, counting and touching?
True
False
33
There is evidence for disorganised type but not organised
False
True
34
There is strong direct support for the importance of an interactionist approach
False
True
35
What is a typical antipsychotic drug?
Clozapine
Risperidone
Haloperidol
Chloropromazine
36
What is an inference?
Conclusions about non observed processes
Decisions
Hypothesis
Conclusions on observed processes
37
Which of the following statements is a criticism of the biological approach?
Led to the development of drug treatments
Paved the way for the development of cognitive neuroscience
Uses objective and observable techniques
Diagnosis is subjective and can lead to mistakes
38
Why did participants recall more semantically dissimilar to semantically similar words?
When words have meaning they're easier to remember.
Words are distinguishable
The words sound more alike
Words are stored separately
39
What did Stirling find when comparing 30 schizophrenics and 18 non patients in cognitive tasks?
Patients were just as good at naming ink colours
Patients took ten times as long to name ink colours
Patients were three times faster at naming ink colours
Patients took over twice as long to name ink colours
40
Excitation is
Brain chemicals released from synaptic vesicles
Neurotransmitter that stimulates a negative reaction
Neurotransmitter that stimulates a positive reaction
When electrical impulses are converted to chemical messages
41
What did Brown find? (rr = remission rates)
Patients had lower rr when there was no contact with family
Family was irrelevant
Family contact had no effect on remission rates
Patients had higher rr when there was no contact with family
42
Lidz created what ideas?
Marital schemes and marital skews
Marital schisms and marital skews
Marital schisms and marital scores
Marital schemes and marital scores
43
What is the function of the Pituitary Gland?
Produces male sex hormones
Helps the maintain healthy blood sugar levels
Triggers the fight or flight response
Regulates calcium and phosphorous, promotes healthy bones
44
There are problems with adoption studies
True
False
45
Desire to Be liked?
ISI
NSI
46
What is brain plasticity?
Lost functions are taken over by other areas of the brain
Functions can only be done in one area of the brain
47
A phobia is an adaptive fear
False
True
48
A limitation of modelling studies is that..
Ethical issues with children
They suffer from demand characteristics from children
They have low ecological validity-artificial behaviour
The findings are mainly qualitative data-Not enough analysis
49
Ralph found that hamsters with an abnormality had a sleep wake cycle of
18 hours
23 hours
20 hours
25 hours
50
Which of the following is a strength of Lombrosso's research?
None of the above
It included scientific racism
Poverty could be the actual cause
Being rejected by society may be the cause
51
Aim of Zimbardos study?
Conformity
Conformity to social roles
Obedience
Conformity to an authority figure
52
What is metarepresentation?
The cognitive ability to supress automatic responses
All of th above
The cognitive ability to reflect on thoughts and behaviour
The way people react to stimuli
53
Official statistics are a way of measuring crime
False
True
54
What did Novaco when looking at cognitive factors and emotional responses
Some people are very angry
Anger is bad
Anger management is effective
In some people anger is quick to surface
55
Atypical antipsychotics are newer
True
False
56
What does an EEG allow?
Detect which areas of the brain are active
Events can be isolated through statistical analysis
Observed behaviour to be linked to abnormalities
Diagnosis of certain conditions of the brain
57
Candidate genes have not been found for offender behaviour
True
False
58
Research has shown their are many circadian rhythms in organs and cells?
False
True
59
Time sampling is when an observer records data at the time it happens
True
False
60
What did Aschoff and Wever find in their study?
The sleep-wake cycle may be slightly shorter than 24 hours
The sleep-wake cycle does not exist
Our sleep-wake cycle is entrained by extraneous zeitgebers
The sleep-wake cycle may be slightly longer than 24 hours
61
Snook suggested what about profiles?
They were detailed
They were able to provide a lot of information
They were little more than common sense
They were bad
62
Which of the following assumptions is true of the biological approach
Behaviour has a genetic link and is inherited
All of the above
All behaviour has a physical cause
Behaviour is explained through chemical imbalances
63
Strength of failure to function adequately
Measurable
Everyday life varies
Abnormality does not always stop the person functioning
This definition is focused on the individual
64
What does parsimonious mean?
Explaining something with the most possible assumptions
Explaining something with the fewest possible assumptions
Not making any assumptions
Using only assumptions
65
Extraverts have an underactive nervous system
True
False
66
Maslow stated we have a hierarchy of...
needs
potential
wants
achievements
67
Which of the following definitions best suits the term Opportunity sampling?
Participants volunteer through adverts to take part
Giving participants a number and drawing from a hat
Selecting participants who are available at the time
Identifying different groups and random sampling for %'s
68
Procedural memory example?
Riding a bike
Personal memories of events
Knowing the capital of England is London
69
Why did lobotomies fall out of common use?
Drug development
They become less effective
They didn't
They were too dangerous
70
Which is not a mediational process?
Attention
Repoductted
Motivation
Retention
71
Which of these is true of STM
Sometimes called working memory
Memories disappear unless rehearsed
Rehearsal is not very important
Also called Episodic buffer
72
Desynchronization has a large effect on shift workers
False
True
73
Around what percentage of the population have schizophrenia?
4%
2%
8%
1%
74
There is an underrepresentation of some crimes
True
False
75
Mead's theory is criticised for...
Cultural implications which are inaccurate
Demand characteristics from those tribes studied
Containing ethical issues
Being subjective to researcher bias
76
Do genetic disorders support the argument of nature or nurture?
Neither
Nature
Nurture
It all comes back to nuggets
77
Loftus and Palmer- which verbs were used as the two extremes in the leading questions?
smashed and bumped
Smashed and crashed
Smashed and hit
Smashed and contacted
78
There is counter evidence from Tricher implying that testosterone does not effect aggression
False
True
79
Some with Klienfelter's syndrome has poor language and reading skills
False
True
80
The US topologies are based in small samples
False
True
81
In how many cases in Gottsman and Shields study did both twins develop the condition?
10 out of 12
12 out of 12
4 out of 12
7 out of 12
82
SAD stands for seasonal anxiety disorder
True
False
83
How many participant were used in Sperry's research?
80
110
11
24
84
The explanation of Klienfeltler's and turner's syndrome lack validity due to...
The way they are treated by others may influence behaviour
Lack of supporting evidence from other studies
Poor external validity
Demand characteristics from those studied
85
Which of the following sampling techniques have problems with time consumption?
Opportunity sampling, volunteer sampling and random sampling
Opportunity sampling and random sampling
Random sampling, stratified sampling and systematic sampling
Stratified sampling and opportunity sampling
86
Boys go through the electra complex to identify with their father and oedipus complex for girls
False
True
87
What details can be matched on a database?
Personal history and family background
Location, place of birth
Age and sex
All of the above
88
A disadvantage of the test-retest technique is that ppt's opinions/views can change over time
True
False
89
What did Crossley find about the side effects?
Atypical drugs caused more weight gain
Typical drugs caused tardive dyskinesia
There were no side effectives
The side effects were the same
90
Pinnizotto found what?
In 192 cases, profiling helped in none
In 192 cases profiling helped in 15
In 192 cases profiling helped in 155
In 192 cases, profiling found the offender in them all
91
What did Koscis and Irwin find when looking at serial rapes and arson in Australia?
They lived extremely close to their crimes
They did not live in a circle of their offences
They lived very far from where they were committing crimes
They lived in a circle of their offences
92
Cannabis may be an environmental stressor
True
False
93
Why do women produce more Oxytocin than men?
It is produced in women due to chemical imbalances
Women have menstrual cycle and men do not
Childbirth purposes such as lactation
Women have a choice to receive more oxytocin when pregnant
94
Not in Becks negative triad- Negative views of...
world
Self
Doggos
future
95
What stage of sleep does dreaming occur in?
Stage 3
Stage 4
Stage 1
Stage 5
96
It is easy to collect data which is free from bias or personal interpretation
False
True
97
The Psychodynamic approach states that our childhood experiences highly impact our adult life
False
True
98
What did Farrington find in their longitudinal study? (LSA = low school achievement)
Family had no effect
Risk factors included: Poor parenting LSA
Key risk factors included: family criminality, povery
It was purely biologcal
99
Which country possess the most insecure avoidant attachments?
China
Madagascar
Narnia
Germany
100
Diamond's study cannot be used as supporting evidence because...
Animal studies cannot be applied to humans
Lacks internal validity
Deception issues
Cultural bias
101
Distortion of perception Asch?
Believed the majority was correct
Mandela effect
Couldn't see properly
Didnt know what to do
102
What a marital schism?
Both parents are preoccupied with their marital problems
One disturbed parent dominates the household
103
Baddeley and Hitch (1976) procedure?
Digit span and verbal reasoning
See if two parts of WMM can be used at once
Nuggets
Conducted an ppts were asked to do 2 tasks at the same time
104
What did Folkard's study show?
Our circadian rhythm cannot be easily overridden
Our circadian rhythm can be easily overridden
105
Sperry's study used highly specialised and standardised procedures?
True
False
106
Strengths of Zimbardo study
Very ethical
Zimbardo both observed and partook
prisoners and guards randomly allocated
Lack of replication
107
Which of the following is not a characteristic of a disorganised offender?
Plan the crime
Socially inadequate
Frightened/confused at the time
First/last born
108
What are hormones?
receptors
Non of these
Inherited genes
Chemical substances
109
Coding capacity and duration of Sensory register respectively?
Senses, limited, less than a second
Acoustic, 7+/-2, 20-30 seconds
110
What is the SCN
A bundle of cells located in the amygadala
A bundle of cells located in the cerebellum
A bundle of cells located in the hypothalamus
A bundle of cells located in the prefrontal cortex
111
Desire to be right
ISI
NSI
112
Family therapy is based on the idea that the family are not involved in relapse rates
False
True
113
What are victim surveys?
Offenders tell what they have done to others
Victims give details of crimes that happened to them
All of the above
People share what they have witnessed
114
Which conditions showed a significant reduction of symptoms after 18months
Social learning and control
Social learning and milieu
All three
Control and milieu
115
What did Tienari find when investigating genetic vulnerability and parenting styles
Parenting styles were the only important thing
Neither were important
Genetic vulnerability was the only important thing
Both genetic vulnerability and parenting were important
116
What did Eysenck and Eysenck find when studying 2070 male prisoners and 2422 male controls
Prisoners only scored higher on P
Prisoners scored higher on P and N
Prisoners scored higher on E and N
Prisoners scored higher on P, E and N
117
People with delinquent tendencies may choose delinquent friends
False
True
118
Findings not from Milgram
100% went to 300v
3 had seizures
65% went to 450v
6% sent to 400v
119
How many participants were there in asch's study?
7
1
9
8
120
What do cognitive explanations state about schizophrenia?
It is caused by a persons chromosomes
It is aused by genes
It is caused by the family
It is caused by dysfunctional though processes
121
What did Godwin and Canter find?
85% of offenders lived in a circle of their offences
10% of offenders lived in a circle of their offences
55% of offenders lived in a circle of their offences
27% of offenders lived in a circle of their offences
122
What did Crossley find about the effects of atypical and typical drugs
Neither of the drugs were effective
Typical drugs were more effective
There was no significant difference
Atypical drugs were more effective
123
Which of these is not a Zimbardo procedure point?
Dehumanising ppts and home arrests
Stanford uni mock prison
set up to a shock generator
Randomly allocated prisoner and guard
124
Amphetamines don't stimulate nerve cells and decrease dopamine activity
False
True
125
What does 0.01 level of significance mean in terms of probability?
Findings are 100% due to chance
Findings are 1% due to chance
Findings are 10% due to chance
126
What is a strength of the cognitive theory of schizophrenia?
They may need to be linked to the biological explanations
None of the above
Biochemical research suggests more dopamine is the cause
Cogntive theories don't explain the origins
127
What did Raine find in the brain of APD suffers?
There was no difference in the volume of grey matter
An 11% reduction in the volume of grey matter
A 15% reduction in the volume of grey matter
an 80% reduction in the volume of grey matter
128
The fight or flight response is within the
ANS
CNS
SNS
PNS
129
What are offender surveys?
Victims reveal what has happened to them
Offenders give a number of crimes they've witnessed
People give details of crimes they've witnessed
Offenders reveal number and types of crimes theyve committed
130
The top down approach only applies to particular crimes
True
False
131
What did Chadwick find when studying Nigel?
There was no change in his thoughts
He was a wizard
He did not in fact have powers
He did in fact have powers
132
Congruence is where self concept and ideal self are very similar?
False
True
133
Why was Risperidone developed?
Same effectiveness as Clozapine, less severe side effects
Same effecitveness as Cloropromazine
All of the above
To battle different symptoms
134
Zhou et al discovered that at the age of 5...
40% of male stria terminalis central divisions were larger
60% of male ventricles were small than women's
50% of grey matter was found more in me's brains
40% of women's brains were larger than men's
135
The two hemispheres of the brain are connected by the corpus callosum
False
True
136
What dimension did Eysenck add to the inventory alongside extroversion and neuroticism
Instability
Psychoticism
Introversion
Stability
137
Peterson found in brain scans that the Wernicke's area was active during listening tasks?
True
False
138
The evidence for family therapy is strong
False
True
139
Identify 3 behaviour categories used to test attachment in Ainsworth’s strange situation
Secure, insecure avoidant and insecure resistant
interactional synchrony, cargiverness and mimicking
Separation excitement, exploration and privation
Proximity , secure base/exploration and reunion response
140
Which of these isn't a finding of Asch's study?
Distortion of perception
Distortion of hearing
75% conformed at least once
Less than 1% gave the wrong answer in the control
141
What is meant by a circadian rhythm?
A cycle that repeats every 24 hours
A cycle that repeats every 18 hours
A continuous cycle
A cycle that repeats every 15 hours
142
Piling found what?
Family therapy had no effect on remission
Remission rates were lower when recieving family therapy
Remission rates were higher due to family therapy
It was difficult to improve compliance
143
What animal did skinner use?
cats
NUGGETS
Dogs
rats
144
The level of moral reasoning may depend of the offence
False
True
145
Miller findings...
All of the above
"Magic number 7" (7+/-2 items in STM)
Chunking into meaningful understanding can increase capacity
7+/-2 chunked pieces can be held
146
What are the first two stages of attachment?
Pre-attachment and indiscriminate stage
Interactional synchrony, periodic alert stage
Proximity and discriminate stage
Multiple attachment and discriminate stage
147
Some people who have hallucinations and delusions have normal levels of dopamine
True
False
148
Pre-convention is associated with crimes where they fee they cant evade conviction
False
True
149
Sutherland suggested that if behaviour is not reinforced it will be repeated
False
True
150
Community care is inadequate as people need close supervision for compliance with medication
True
False
151
The stimuli were shown too slow to get to the wrong visual field
True
False
152
What did Lombrosso suggest about offenders?
They could be identified using their characteristics
They were incapable of distinguishing right from wrong
All of the above
They displayed characteristics suitable for primitve times
153
If studies can't be replicated the findings will still be accepted
False
True
154
What did Butzlaff find in his study?
70% relapse rates in high EE families,30% in low EE families
90% relapse rates in high EE families,20% in low EE families
There was no difference in relapse rates
30% relapse rates in high EE families,70% in low EE families
155
Which of the following is a strength of token economies?
Patient's behaviour may be superficial
They do not treat positive symptoms
They do not have side effects, like drug treatments do
They are time consuming
156
Empirical data is collected through experiment or experience
False
True
157
What is meant by axonal sprouting?
Reformation of blood vessels
The equivalent area takes on its functions
The growth of new nerve endings to form new neural pathways
Recruitment of homologous areas on the opposie side
158
Which of the following is symptom of typical antipsychotics
NMS, blurred vision, menstrual problems, dry mouth
All of the above
Tardive dyskinesia, tremors, immobility and stiffness
Low blood pressure,uncontrolled fidgeting,impotence,seizures
159
Freud's theory is nomothetic due to it implying that all children go through different stages
False
True
160
Which of the following is a strength of restorative justice?
Success may rely on the offender showing remorse
It is flexible and does not adopt one size fits all
A meeting may be emotional
May relate to power impalance, domestic abuse
161
It shows both biological determinism and biological reductionism
True
False
162
What monitors brainwave activity during sleep?
EEG
ERP
fMRI
PET
163
STM coding, capacity. Duration respectively
Semantic, unlimited. lifetime
Acoustic, 7+/-2, 20-30 seconds
164
The central nervous system includes
The brain and spinal cord
Muscles
Organs
Tendons
165
Children are born with limited schema that grow over time
False
True
166
The interactionist approach is reductionist
False
True
167
What is the effect of dysfunction in metarepresentation?
Disrupt our ability to recognise what we are doing
Not being able to control what we are doing
Being unable to do anything
Disorganised speech and thoughts
168
Does Freud's theory support nature or nurture?
Nurture
Nature
Both
169
Atypical antipsychotics bind to what receptors?
Dopamine, serotonin and glutamate
Serotonin and dopamine
None
Just dopamine
170
The biological approach is reductionist
False
True
171
Bowlby's study of 44 thieves supports this theory
False
True
172
What is the difference between sex and gender?
They mean the same thing
Gender is changeable whereas sex is fixed
Sex is changeable wheres gender is fixed
173
Identify the common feature of the syndrome
Failed to develop ovaries
Higher than average verbal ability
All of the above
Short statue
174
What could result from an inability to supress automatic responses?
Failure to perform everyday functions
Inability to move
No change
Disorganised speech and thought disorders
175
The definition of Deviation from social norms is laughing at a funeral
True
False
176
Which of the following is a strength?
Doesn't explain why tenancies may cease with age
Does not account for the performance of criminal behaviour
Over simplistic
None of the above
177
What is an overt observation?
Wen the researcher becomes part of the study as a ppt
Where participants are unaware they are being observed
When it is carried out in the pp's natural environment
When participants are aware they are being observed
178
When stimuli was presented to the LVF the participant could point to a matching picture
False
True
179
A neurotransmitter is
Tiny sacks
Something that triggers the release of chemical mesages
Brain chemicals that carry messages from 1neuron to another
A tiny gap between neurons
180
The bottom up approach cannot be used in real life
False
True
181
These models have been created and are known as 'artificial intelligence'
True
False
182
Participants undertook a variety of what type of tests?
Visual and auditory
Visual and tactile
Sensory
Auditory and tactile
183
Motor neurons
Are found in our visual system, brain and spinal cord
Carry electrical impulses from the receptors
Information from the environment is sent from eyes, ears ect
Carry messages away from the brain and spinal cord
184
The three levels of moral reasoning are
Post-conventional reasoning
All of the above
Conventional reasoning
Pre-conventional reasoning
185
What did Lashley find in his study involving rats learning to navigate a maze?
All of the above
No area was more important than another in navigation
Learning is too complex to be localised
Learning appeared to require every part of the cortex
186
What else did Sperry look at?
Areas where functions are performed
Plasticity of brain functions
Damage to brain functions
Lateralisation of brain functions
187
What did Read suggest?
Early and severe trauma has no effect
Early+severe trauma alters the brain,vulnerable tostress
Only the environment effects developmentfor the condition
Only genes effect the development of schizophrenia
188
A physical characteristic of the syndrome is...
Reduced breast growth
Under developed genitals
Webbed neck
Increased body hair
189
Which section of the personality is the pleasure principle?
Superego
ID
Ultra-ego
Ego
190
The stages of sleep are not an example of an ultradian rhythm
True
False
191
Crime mapping is information about the likely home or base of the offender
True
False
192
What age does separation anxiety normally develop in infants?
6-8 months
8-9 months
From birth to 3 months
2- 10 months
193
We have a conscious mind, a subconscious mind and a unconscious mind
False
True
194
Name the capacity or duration of STM
Long duration
Unlimited capacity
Limited capacity
Short duration
195
What did Sensky find?
CBT was not as effective as drug treatments
CBT was effective where drug therapies were not
Neitehr were effective
CBT was more effective than drug therapies
196
Which of the following is a strength of offender surveys?
They are not reliable, people may lie
Focus is on juvenile rather than adult crime
Some types of crimes are overrepresented
They show victimless crimes
197
Gender is a psychological term referring to roles/attitudes and behaviour associated with sexes
False
True
198
What did Siffre find in his study?
His sleep-wake cycle continuously changed duration
His sleep-wake settled naturally at around 23 hours
His sleep-wake cycle settled naturally at around 25 hours
199
Public agreement, private disagreement?
Normative
identification
Internalisation
Compliance
200
Name a practical application made from this study
Allows social workers to explain dysfunctional children
Contributes to the nature/nurture debate
All of the above
Parents are able to stay with their children in hospitals
201
What did Neufeld find when comparing cognitive processes in sufferers and non sufferers?
Sufferers took longer to encode stimuli
Sufferers showed long term memory problems
Sufferers showed short term memory problems
Sufferers didn't take as long to encode stimuli
202
The criminal personality is
EP
PN
PP
EN
203
Thematic analysis produces qualitative data
True
False
204
In which state of mind did Freud suggest our behaviour is determined the most?
Conscious mind
Sub-conscious mind
Unconscious mind
Uncontinuous mind
205
What clues may be used for recognition
The choice of victim
The time
The location
All of the above
206
Post even discussion is...?
Witnesses discuss what they've seen at an event after it
When there's more than one witness at an event
207
What happened when the stimuli was shown to the left visual field?
The participant could name the object
The participant could describe the object
The participant reported seeing a flash of light
The participant reported seeing nothing
208
Differential association is based on the idea that we learn behaviour
False
True
209
The menstrual cycle is an example of an infradian rhythm
True
False
210
An advantage of the mean is that..
Is extremely time consuming
It is more representative for entire sets of data
It is most sensitive to all values in the data
It is easily distorted with extreme values
211
What is a schema?
Mental or cognitive framework
Environmental factors
Unshared opinions
Ideas formed by others
212
Animal studies can be generalised humans?
True
False
213
What did Ripke find in his study of candidate genes?
108 variations were linked with the risk of schizophrenia
67 variations were linked to the risk of schizophrenia
No variations were linked to the risk of schizophrenia
1000 variations were linked to the risk of schizophrenia
214
Which country maintains the highest percentage of secure attachments?
Mexico
China
Britain
Japan
215
An explanation for GID is the biological theory that men/women's brain structures are different
True
False
216
Scientists have proposed that women are better at..
Memory
Multitasking
Long distance sight
Reading and writing skills
217
Antipsychotics are best in low doses to control relapse rates
True
False
218
What did Johnstone find when comparing ventricle sizes of sufferers and non sufferers
People with schizophrenia have smaller ventricles
People with schizophrenia had no ventricles
People with schizophrenia had more ventricles
People with schizophrenia have enlarged ventricles
219
What are the two main explanations within the learning theory of attachment?
Operant Conditioning
Biological explanation
Classical Conditioning
Evolutionary principle
220
What is the three stages of anger management
Application practice
Cognitive preparation
Skill acquisition
All the above
221
Which of the following is a strength of CBT
Kuipers found a 40% reduction in severity of symptoms
Only participants that have self-awareness can participate
Patients become dependant on a therapies
There are high dropout rates due to intensity
222
There were 12 critical trials?
True
False
223
The original model saw genes as the major source
True
False
224
Whitely concluded that those who score high masculinity scores appear to be...
More active
Of a higher IQ of general knowledge
Psychologically healthier
More able to consume more nuggets
225
What was the concordance rate of MZ twins found by Gottsman and Shields?
48%
49%
50%
30%
226
Who proposed the cognitive theory to gender development?
Freud
Green
Kholberg
Skinner
227
What did Yochelson find in their longitudinal study?
No common thinking patterns were found
52 thinking patterns were found to be common
2 common thinking patterns were found
88 common thinking patterns were found
228
What is a paradigm?
A set of assumptions that are not shared
Facts of behaviour
Assumptions
A shared set of assumptions
229
Tony Mobley tried to use a criminal gene as a defence
False
True
230
Gilroy Aim
Half given relaxation
Half also given desensitisation
75% successful treatment
Look at systematic desensitisation as a phobia treatment
231
The left hemisphere was considered the synthesiser
True
False
232
A case study is a study of a large group of people for research
False
True
233
Who proposed the stages of attachment?
Bailey et al
Milgram lad
Loftus and Palmer
Schaffer and Emerson
234
The biological approach is deterministic
False
True
235
Why was this study accused of researcher bias?
Other researchers were jealous
Findings were quantitative data only
Bowlby conducted the experiment himself - fixed results
Lacks internal validity
236
Antipsychotic drugs bind to D2 receptors
False
True
237
What is declarative memory?
Knowing how
Knowing that
Events
Facts and knowledge
238
What is operant conditioning
Learning through consequence
Learning through association
239
Strength MSM
Primary recency effect provides evidence
Over simplified
Role of rehearsal from STM to LTM had been criticised
Evidence for brain scanning
240
Which psychologist is the main pioneer for Self actualisation?
Farrington
Harlow
Pavlov
Maslow
241
Megargee found what?
A group that are incapable of showing anger
A sub group that cant express their anger normally
A group that express anger easily
A very angry group of individuals
242
What are roles conditions of worth?
Rogers suggested you need unconditional positive regard
Low selfesteem is bc of lackof unconditional positive regard
Parents who only love their childreni n certain conditions
243
Androgyny refers to an individual who possesses a balance of both masculine and female hormones
True
False
244
Lashley's research supported what theory?
Plasticity
Localisation
245
Findings not from Zimbardo
6 day study instead of 14
450v
At day two prisoners started ripping off their numbers
Guards took to their roles with more vigour than prisoners
246
Strengths of deviation from ideal mental health
It is practically impossible for any individual to achieve
Most definitions of abnormality are devised by men
Positive approach looking at what to add
A person may be happy with their situation
247
What technique is not used in CBT
Positive self-talk
Question where the voices have originated from
Keeping count of the amount of hallucinations/delusions
Setting homework
248
According to Meehl, what will happen under stress to someone with no predisposition?
Under no circumstances will they develop the condition
They will still develop the condtion
It depends on the amount of stress
They will implode
249
What did Keen find when studying the progress of young offenders
There was no change
SQUAD
They had decreased awareness of their difficulties
They had increased awareness of their anger difficulties
250
What did the Tan case study show?
Different areas can peform the same function
Certain functions can be localised to specific areas
That there was no Broca's area
251
Artificial light would have no effect on the biological rhythm
False
True
252
What does chlorpromazine do?
Blocks pre synaptic sites
Things and stuff
Nothing
Blocks post synaptic receptor sites
253
It has been seen that in some cases both hemispheres can perform the same task
False
True
254
What fraction of patients stop taking antipsychotics because of the side effects
4/5
2/3
2/4
4/6
255
Which of the following is not an aim of custodial sentencing
Community orders, fines, discharges
Institutionalisation, prisonisation
Deterrence, Incapacitation, Retribution,
Rehabilitation, Stress and depression
256
Identify a criticism with the Internal working model
Influence of demand characteristics
No supporting evidence
Good practical applications
Deterministic
257
behavioural characteristics of OCD
Obsessive thoughts often lead to anxiety, worry and distress
repetitive behavioral responses to neutralise obsessions
Obsessions dominate ones thinking and are persistent.
258
Does Freud's theory support nature or nature?
Nature
Neither
Nurture
Both
259
In most people, the Broca's and Wernickes areas are found in which hemisphere?
Left
Right
260
Bandura Bobo doll study Aim
To investigate whether aggression can be learnt
1/3 of the children who observed aggressive models copied
Kids were given a room of toys they couldnt play with
Children who saw no aggression didnt act aggressivelly
261
Which group did Bandura find to be more aggressive in the bobo doll study?
Both groups
Neither
Children who observed an aggressive model
Children who observed a non aggressive model
262
Urbeg (1982) investigated character traits in stories with children aged 3-7. He found that...
Children assumed gender according to trait stereotypes
Children were unaware of differences between gender traits
Children gave mixed answers about the characters gender
263
Which isnt a component of the WMM
Processor
Central executive
Phonological loop
Episodic buffer
264
What is misleading information?
Post event discussion
Leading questions
Leading information said to witnesses usually after an event
All of the above
265
It did not help to develop CBT
True
False
266
What were the conditions in Ireland's study
All of the above
One took part in anger management
One was a non treatment control
One took part in anger mangement
267
What types of behaviours do behaviourists test?
Objective non observable behaviour
Subjective non observable behaviour
Subjective observable behaviour
Objective observable behaviour
268
What does cognitive neuroscience study and explain?
Schemas
Internal mental processes
Genes and chromosomes
Cognitive processes and behaviour, brain mechanisms
269
First section of the Multi store Model is Called the sensory register?
True
False
270
What are ultradian rhythms?
A biological rhythm that occurs less than once in 24 hours
A biological rhythm that never repeats
A biological rhythm that occurs more than once in 24 hours
A biological rhythm that occurs once every 24 hours
271
Identify the male sex chromosomes
XY
YX
XYY
XX
272
What was found in Tan's autopsy?
A lesion in the right frontal lobe
Cut corpus callosum
A lesion is the left frontal lobe
Damage to the brain
273
Cognitive approach suggests criminals may have different thinking patterns
True
False
274
which isn't a stage of systematic desensitisation
Relaxation
Exposure
Anxiety Hierarchy
Flooding
275
DeCoursey disconnected the SCN in Chipmunks
True
False
276
Who conducted the study focused on the brain of London taxi drivers?
Maguire
Draganski
Mechelli
Sperry
277
What is a weakness neural correlates
Non schizophrenics can also have enlarged ventricles
Lewis found no significant link
No cause and effect
All of the above
278
Which of the following is a strength of token economy
There are ethical issues
Little rehabilitative value
There is passive token learning
Easy to implement
279
Identification is public and private agreement?
yes, forever
Yes but only short term
While you are around the group influencing your views
No
280
Sperry's research demonstrated lateralised brain functions
True
False
281
What is one reason for psychology not being a science?
It is falsifiable
It uses scientific methods
Much of the subject matter is observable
Much of the subject matter is not observable
282
What is the second stage of the Psycho-Sexual stages?
Phallic stage
Latent stage
Anal stage
Oral stage
283
Cognitive psychologists study what?
Some mental processes can be observed, but not others
Mental processes
Mental processes that can be directly observed
Mental processes that cannot be directly observed
284
Testosterone is responsible for increased aggression in men
True
False
285
Infants have the same sleep wake cycle as adults
False
True
286
Mednick found what when studying adopted and biological parents on offending behaviour
Criminal biological+non crimial adoptive were more likely
Neither had an effect
Criminal adoptive+non criminal biological were more likely
Both were needed to be criminal
287
An fMRI scan is
Brain's response to specific sensory/cognitive/motor events
A record of the tiny electrical impulses
A method used to measure brain activity during tasks
The brain is ananlysed after death
288
Intersex refers to...
Children born with unclear genitals from chemical imbalances
Children born with male and female hormones
Children born without male hormones
People with increased testosterone
289
The Parietal lobe is where what is located?
Sensory and motor movements
Auditiory processing and memory
Our awareness or consciousness
Vision
290
Why is Freud's theory deterministic?
It only supports the nurture debate
Demonstrates multiple ethical issues
It rejects the idea of free will
It does not take other theories into consideration
291
Only about 25% of crimes are included in official figures
False
True
292
Which type of attachment is most likely to demonstrate Interactional Synchrony?
Deprived children
Avoidant insecure children
Insecure resistant children
Securely attached children
293
Behaviourist strengths
Lab experiment so lots of control
Stimulus/response reductionism
Deterministic as it ignores biology
Studies only done on animals
294
Sherman and Strang found what when studying 36 studies of restorative justice
Increase of reoffending rates
Reductions in reoffending rates
There was no difference in reoffending rates
All offenders reoffended
295
The circadian rhythms begin at what age?
6 weeks
Straight away
1 year
12 weeks
296
Other routes of gaining knowledge, e.g. common sense are flawed
False
True
297
Which definition best describes the attachment type insecure- avoidant?
Demonstrates large amounts of stranger anxiety
Shows no need for mother and no stranger/separation anxiety
Frequently maintains close proximity with mother
Distressed when not in the presence of their mother
298
What is an exogenous zeitgeber?
External factors that entrain biological rhythms
Internal body clocks that regulate biological rhythms
299
Damage to the Broca's area leads to what?
Limited reading skills
Speech to be incoherent
Speech to be slow and laborious
300
Freud proposed 4 sections to the structure of personality
True
False
301
Which statement best describes the Ego?
Motivated by pleasure principle
Part of superego and cannot be accessed
Reality principle and in constant conflict with superego/ID
The morality principle and is part of the ego
302
What is the restorative justice council
A group of judges
Linked body who's role is to establish clear standards
Indepedant body who's role is to establish clear standards
Civilians
303
Which model supports the topic of the effect earlier attachments have on adult relationships?
Working internal model
External cognitive model
Schemas
Internal working model
304
Who conducted the study into Romanian orphans?
Lucas et al
Bowlby and Bailey
Rutter
Rutter and Soneua
305
What are four categories of defining crime?
Futuristic, culture, politics, intent
Historical, country, politics, intent
Historical, culture, politics, intent
Historical, country, politics, reason
306
Which of the following is an issue with drug therapies?
They are not a cure, they just treat symptoms
All of the above
Patients may become dependent on drugs
Drugs are chemical straitjackets
307
Duration of STM
Two minutes to 80 years
Two minutes to forever
Up to ten years if never rehearsed
One minute to forever
308
What are the different types of experimental methods?
Lab, field, natural and quasi
Lab, matched pairs, independent groups, quasi
Independent groups, matched pairs, repeated measures
NUGGETS
309
What is the chromosome pattern for someone who has Klienfelter's syndrome?
XXX
XO
XXY
YXX
310
What is a advantage of systematic sampling?
Reduces the chance of researcher bias
Decreases the likelihood of demand characteristics
Reduces the chances of ethical issues
A smaller sample needed
311
What did Takahashi find (comparing electrical activity in 420 sufferers and 247 non sufferers)
Schizophrenics were better at detecting changes in tone
Non sufferers were worse at detecting changes in tone
Changes in tone were severly limited in schizophrenics
There was no difference at all
312
This kind of research is considered a field experiment
False
True
313
Who did Heston study?
Non adopted children who's mother had schizophrenia
Adopted children who's biological mother had schizophrenia
314
Roughly how many children were placed in institutions after the banning of Romanian abortions?
10,000
100,000
110,000
101,000
315
The biological approach supports
Nature
Nurture
316
Disruption of circadian rhythms by jet lag can effect performance and alertness
False
True
317
Classification is not simplistic
True
False
318
Tarrier found what when studying medication+CBT,medication+supportive counselling and a control
There was no difference
One combination group showed reduced symptom levels
Combination groups showed lower symptom levels
Combination showed higher symptom levels
319
Whose study looked at female sexual behaviour and the menstrual cycle?
Stern and McClintock
Russell
Adams
320
Treatment in the interactionist approach is holistic
False
True
321
Does a correlation measure cause and effect?
Yaaaas
No
322
What else other than face to face meeting may occur?
Saying sorry
Shortened sentence
Financial restitution
Prison
323
The aim of family therapy is to reduce conflict and high emotion amongst families
True
False
324
Which of these is not a Milgram procedure point?
Introduced to Mr Wallace
Set up a prison in Stanford university
Drew fixed lots
Advertised in the newspaper
325
The Social learning theory suggests that gender is acquired through identification/imitation
False
True
326
Out of the only three studies where random allocation was used, how many showed improvements?
1
3
2
0
327
What is geographical profiling
Information about crime scenes
Information about the location of unlinked crime scenes
Information about the location of linked crime scenes
All information
328
Turner Syndrome suffers have a XO chromosome pattern
True
False
329
What is not a side effect of atypical antipsychotics?
A fatal blood disease
Excessive weight gain
Tardive dyskinesia
Development of diabetes and high cholesterol
330
The axon of the neuron
Are gaps in the myelin sheath
Communicates with the dendrites of other neurons
Carries the electical impulses away from the cell body
Contains the genetic material of the cell
331
Police record crimes differently
False
True
332
Identify a behaviour the monkey’s later demonstrated in their adult life
Maintained healthy relationships with their offspring
Gained increased cognitive abilities
Neglected their young
Unskilled at mating
333
What didn't Houston find?
Genes were the main factor
All of the above
There were no specific vulnerabilities
Childhood sexual trauma was a vulnerability
334
Which of the following is a weakness of the interactionist approach?
It is difficult too know if treatment is working
All of the above
Patients are often less willing to try new things
It's time consuming
335
Money and Erdhardt set up the case study of...
Brenda Ruemer
Bruce Reimer
Brad Riener
Berlinda Reimer
336
The theory shows gender bias
False
True
337
It is based on outdated theories of personality
False
True
338
Which is not an assumption of the cognitive approach?
The mind works in a similar way to a computer
Internal processes can be investigated scientifically
Behaviour is manipulated through internal mental processes
Internal processes are not effected by schema
339
What is deviation from ideal mental health?
Finding what deviates from Jahodas criteria
Finding what deviates from Becks criteria
340
The endocrine system and ANS work together the stimulate the fight or flight response?
True
False
341
How many strategies did Pharaoh find to improve family functioning?
19
4
0
7
342
Antipsychotic drugs don't appear to help a significant number of people
True
False
343
Identify the main problem with Lorenz's study
Ethical issues
Cannot be generalised to humans
Demand characteristics
Lacks ecological validity
344
Identify an advantage of Rutter and Soneua’s study
Practical applications for the awareness of institutions
Small sample - Hard to generalise
Lacks supporting evidence from other studies
Cultural limitations
345
Cognitive psychologists compare our mental processes to that of computers
False
True
346
Whats the bottom level of the triangle?
Biological and physiological
Safety
Love
Esteem
347
Cognitive (What do you THINK) characteristics of OCD
Obsessive thoughts often lead to anxiety, worry and distress
Obsessions dominate ones thinking and are persistent
Obsessive thoughts often lead to anxiety, worry and distress
348
What is the correct order of the Psycho- Sexual stages?
Oral, anal, phallic, genital and latent
Oral, anal, phallic, latent and genital
Anal, genital, oral, phallic and latent
Phallic, oral, anal, latent and genital
349
Which of these isn't a stage of minority social influence and social change
Snowball effect
Augmentation principle
SocIAL CHANGE
Consistency
350
What Units is STM measured in?
Minutes
Second and minutes
Seconds
Hours
351
Blackburn suggested three types of superego that may cause offending, these are
Weak, deviant, over-soft
Strong, deviant and over-harsh
Weak, deviant and over-harsh
Weak, denial and over-harsh
352
Bateson's double bind theory suggested what?
Contradictory messages can cause schizophrenia
Develop a confusing and dangerous understanding of the world
All of the above
High EE families can cause schizophrenia
353
What did Hobbs and Holt fin when implementing token economies for juvenile delinquents
There was a decrese in desirable behaviour
There was a increase in indesirable behaviours
There was no change
There was a significant increase in desired behaviours
354
What did Suddath find when comparing MZ twins (one twin had schizophrenia)
There was no difference
The schizophrenic twin had a smaller bilateral hippocampus
The schizophrenic twin had no bilateral hippocampus
The schizophrenic twin had a larger bilateral hippocampus
355
What is restorative justice?
Prison
Community service
Punishment
Criminals making amends
356
The dopamine hypothesis is not oversimplified
True
False
357
Which of the following is a strength of the cognitive approach?
It is reductionist
Too artifical, due to lab expemiments
Could be due to demand characteristics
Studies are reliable
358
What did Buchsbaum's find in MRI scans?
Schizophrenics had abnormalities in the frontal lobes
There were no abnormalities
Schizophrenics had abnormalities in the prefrontal cortex
Schizophrenics had abnormalities I never the temporal lobes
359
Which of the following is a limitation of Eysenck's research
It can be an exampe of biological determinism
All of the above
Only one personality type is said to cause offening
There is a cultural bias
360
What is meant by the term sex?
The mental characteristics of two genders
The biological differences between men and women
The psychological differences between men and women
The biological similarities between the two sexes
361
What kinds of people did Gottsman and Shields study?
Identical twins reared together
Identical twins reared apart
Non identical twins reared apart
Non identical twins reared together
362
When is CBT not effective?
When the patients condition is too severe
When the patient has a clear insight
When it is alongside drig treatments
When the patient has a good understanding
363
There is only modest support for psychological treatments
True
False
364
A disadvantage of volunteer sampling is that personality types can interfere with results
True
False
365
Which of the following is a weakness of ERP's?
They bring more specificity to the measurement of processes
They have excellent temporal resolution
In order to work, there can be no background noise
366
What is an internal mental process?
External cues
The way you are feeling
Internal workings of the mind that process information
The way we interact with the environment
367
Negative Reinforcement is?
Negative consequence to behaviour
You avoid something unpleasant
Reward when certain behaviour is performed
368
Identify the name of the study carried out by Bowlby into maternal deprivation
44 affection less psychopaths
44 juvenile thieves
44 Chicken nugget thieves
40 juvenile thugs
369
Distortion of action
Believe they are seeing it wrong
Conform to avoid being different
ISI
NSI
370
Case studies tend to produce more of what type of data?
Qualitative data
Quantitative data
Ominous data
Numinous data
371
What is central control?
Affects our ability to speak
Affects our ability to move
Our ability to supress automatic responses
None of the above
372
What were the two models of offender behaviour proposed by Canter?
Distance
The commuter - travelled a distance away from their home
The marauder - close proximity to their home/base
Promity
373
Identify the model proposed to describe the impact early attachment has on adult relationships
Working memory model
Internal working model
External working model
Innate working model
374
In which case was geographical profiling successful?
John Duffy
None of the above
Ted Bundy
Adrian Babb
375
What is the function of the Pineal Gland?
Releases melatonin, recognises when it's time to go to sleep
Releases adrenaline
Secretes hormones that help develop a healthy immune system
Triggers the flight or flight response
376
For the SD of a set of scores, if there is a larger dispersion of scores the results are...
Non of the above
Exactly the same as the mean
Closer to the mean
Further away from the mean
377
A child can only form and attachment bond to a single-caregiver
False
True
378
How they interact with the victim helps to understand what?
How they may act in day to day life
How old they are
Whether they will offend again
Where thety are from
379
Repression is when anxiety impulses are redirected and displaced onto other appropriate targets
True
False
380
The Brocas and Wernickes area are located in the right hemisphere
False
True
381
Bem carried out a study into...
Gender neutral children
Measuring Androgyny with various gender characteristics
50 transgender children under the age of 15
Intersex twins
382
Kohlberg investigated moral reasoning using 10 moral dilemmas
False
True
383
Previous research showed that this surgery may be less severe than frontal lobotomies
True
False
384
Miles research supports biological rhythms
False
True
385
Interanal mental processes are influenced by our schema because
They help us to interpret and organise information
They do not help
They form all of our ideas
They keep information apart
386
What may restorative justice involve?
All of the above
May involve the victim and offender meeting
Must volunteer to use the approach
Offences like anti social behaviour
387
Rosenham and seligman-which one is a characteristic?
Maldaptive behaviour
predictability
Violation of moral standards
Suffering
388
Does the case of Phineas Gage support the localisation theory?
Yes
No
389
Identity a practical application made from Freud's theory
Cognitive behavioural therapy
A better understanding of the nature/nurture approach
The development of Psychoanalysis therapy
Knowledge of phobias and classical conditioning
390
What happens when the Wernicke's area is damaged?
Slow speech
Speech does make sense
Speech is fluent but incoherent
All of the above
391
What did Kavanagh find?
10 times more likely to relapse if they lived with family
3.7 times less likely to relapse if they lived with family
Family was irrelevant
3.7 times more likely to relapse if they lived with family
392
Type 1 schizophrenia is characterised by what?
Negative symptoms
Positive symptoms
393
Bassett and Blanchard found benefits were lost when it was applied consistently
True
False
394
What did Patel find in the brains of schizophrenics?
Higher levels of dopamine in the temporal lobes
Lower levels of dopamine in the prefrontal cortex
Higher levels of dopamine in the prefrontal cortex
Lower levels of dopamine in the temporal lobes
395
What did Crossley examine in his meta-analysis
The effectiveness of atypical drugs
The side effects of typical drugs
The side effects of atypical drugs
The effiacy and side effects of typical and atypical drugs
396
Who was the control group in this study?
Non adopted children with no history of schizophrenia
There was no control group
Adoptive children with no family history of schizophrenia
Corn flakes
397
Official stats and other measures add up
False
True
398
The pineal gland releases serotonin
False
True
399
What did Copson find when looking at police opinions of offender profiling
14% said it assisted solving cases
All of the above
80% said it was useful
3% of the time they could identify the offender
400
How long does stage 1 of sleep last?
5 minutes
70-90 minutes
120-180 minutes
10-15 minutes
401
OCD is characterised by uncontrollable thoughts, coupled with a need to perfom acts repeatedly?
False
True
402
Social Learning Approach believes others effect our development
False
True
403
What is the bottom up approach?
Analysis of evidence at the crime scene
Analysis of the victim
Analysis of the time
Analysis of the loaction
404
The Peripheral Nervous System is divided into
It's not divided
The CNS and ANS
Parasympathetic and sympathetic
The ANS and SNS
405
During thematic analysis researchers look for..
Already produced quantitative data
Specific elements which link to their behavioural categories
Re-occuring themes within the data
Facts and knowledge of the individual being studied
406
What was the concordance rate of DZ twins found by Gottsman and Shields?
17%
20%
15%
13%
407
What did Canter find from data from 100 murderers?
There was a subset of organised but not disorganised
There was a subset of disorganised byt not organised
Organised and disorganised classification worked
There was a subset of characteristics for boh
408
Many of the participants had only recently had their surgery
False
True
409
Humanistic Approach is...
Reductionist
Nomothetic
Idiographic
Holistic
410
Ellis's ABC model is a main technique in CBT
True
False
411
There was 28 trials overall
False
True
412
Sperry's study is hard to generalise as having a split brain is unusual
True
False
413
Procedure points Jacobs (1887)
Ppts recalled digits in any order
ppts remembered a list to repeat backwards
Ppts remembered 5-9 words depending on IQ
Ppts remembered a list of digits to repeat back in order
414
What advantage did Smith Institute find about the restorative justice program?
Reduced post traumatic stress
Decreased cost
All of the above
Criminals and victims were more satisfied
415
What is a strength of an fMRI scan?
Difficult to tell what kind of activity is being represented
Can only measure blood flow in the brain
Only captures a clear image if the patient isperfectly still
Does not rely on the use of radiation
416
What kind of information were the participants presented with?
Auditory
Visual
417
What is the social learning approach in terms of the nature or nurture debate?
Nurture
Both
Nature
Neither
418
Emotional (How do you FEEL?) Characteristics
Obsessive thoughts often lead to anxiety, worry and distress
repetitive responses to neutralise these obsessions
Obsessions dominate ones thinking and are persistent
419
Bem's BRSI questionnaire study has high test-retest reliability due to supporting evidence
True
False
420
Oestrogen is responsible for mood swings, emotional outbursts and irritability in women
True
False
421
What is one weakness of the role of genes?
It can take place due to a mutation in paternal sperm cells
The theory is deterministic and reductionist
All of the above
There is also evidence for environmental factors
422
Loftus and palmer (1974) Aim
The effect of leading questions on memory
The effect of Post event discussion on memory
423
What is a marital skew?
One disturbed parent dominates the household
Both parents are preoccupied with their marital problems
424
Which statement best outlines his finding?
Deprivation is not the cause of affection less psychopaths
Children who do not form attachments will turn to crime
Frequent separation leads to affection less psychopaths
Privation is the result of separation from the mother
425
Symptoms of SAD are low mood and a general lack of interest in life
True
False
426
The pattern of offender is likely to form a square around their usual residence
False
True
427
What factors did Farrington find to be associated with criminal behaviour?
Low school attendance and good parenting
Low school attendance and poor parenting
Good parenting and high school achievement
Low school achievement+poor parenting
428
It states the human mind uses coding to change, input and store Satan to then retrieve it later
True
False
429
Reasons to resist conforming
Willpower
Locus of control
Social support
Cats
430
Who carried out a study into imprinting?
Lorenz
Pavlov
Milgram lad
Harlow
431
Other psychological treatments that are less well known can be helpful
False
True
432
Bowlby’s evolutionary principle states that attachment is innate due to the desire to survive
False
True
433
Jacobs (1887) aim
Test LTM capacity
Test LTM duration
Test STM duration
Test STM capacity
434
What is a weakness of drug therapy?
1/4 of patients don't respond to drug therapy
Cole found drugs were 75% more effective than a placebo
16% failed to recover after 12 months
They may still suffer from severe negative symptoms
435
Srength of Asch's study?
Child of its time-McCarthyism Perrin and Spencer
This study is a paradigm for conformity
Very cost effective
Biased sample-ethnocentric
436
Which is the best statistical test to use for correlations?
All of the above
Spearman's Rho
Chi- squared
Pearson's
437
Name the two laws in Bowbly's Monotropic theory
Law of consistency and accumulated separation
Law of deprivation and privation
Law of evolution and cargiverness
Law of nature an nurture
438
Identify the correct attachment behaviour shown in infants
Privation
Separation anxiety
Deprivation
Proximity
439
What percentage of amputees develop phantom limb syndrome?
6-8%
11-18%
40-60%
60-80%
440
What does this suggest?
The same cause
They are different conditions
No cause
Different causes
441
Who studied the brains of students before and after their exams?
Draganski
Maguire
Sperry
Mechelli
442
What is a reason for the psychodynamic approach not being scientific?
Covers all areas needed
Good explanations and understanding but lacks in other areas
It's completely unscientific
Good explanatory poower but lacks understanding
443
Studying children can lead to miscommunication. This can further lead to...
Demand characteristics
Misinterpreted information
Ethical issues
Researcher bias
444
What did Wang and Deutsch find when dopamine was induced in the brain of rats?
Both physical and cognitive impairments
No change
Cognitive impairments
Physical impairments
445
Interactional Synchrony is when the behaviour between the baby and mother becomes...
Indiscriminate
Symmetrical
Synchronised
446
There is a problem in establishing causality with the dopamine hypothesis
True
False
447
What are the key feature of the process
Active rather than passive, focus on positive outcomes
Not restricted to court rooms
All of the above
Focus of acceptance of responsibility
448
Piaget supported Kholberg's theory by stating that...
Children become egocentic-seeing other peoples perspectives
Schema's can be inherited from parents
Children understand things before they are able to speak it
449
Most of the evidence for the dopamine hypothesis comes from drug treatments
False
True
450
What did Short find in a questionnaire given to 176 school children
All of the above
no correlation between deliquent behaviour and friends
Delinquent behaviour was low
A correlation between delinquent beahviour and friends
451
What dies EPI stand for
Eysenck Personality Inventory
Eysenck Personality Investigation
Extrovertion Personality Inventory
Eysenck Person Inventory
452
Sex-role stereotypes are...
All of the bellow
Behaviour considered to be carried out by specific genders
Bullshite
Considerable appropriate and typical behaviour for men/women
453
Brown et al Aim
This did happen
Worse than usual exam performance will lead to more symptoms
454
Campbell found that shining light on what part of the body effected the sleep wake cycle
Back of the knees
Back of the neck
Eyes
Back of the hands
455
What do neural correlations suggest?
People with APD show normal APD patterns
People with APD show normal EEG patterns
None of the above
People with APD show abnormal EEG patterns
456
Diamond conducted a study on rats were he found that...
Increased testosterone in womb led to masculine behaviour
Rats rejected testosterone
Levels of oestrogen also increased with testosterone levels
No difference was found
457
What recognises a stressor and activates the sympathetic division of the ANS?
Hypothalamus
Pituitary gland
Adrenal gland
Pineal gland
458
What did Stern and McClintock investigate?
SAD
Sleep stages
If female sexual behaviour is linked to the menstrual cycle
The effect of womens pheromones on other womens cycles
459
The communication between neurons is known as
Systematic transmission
Synaptic transfer
Synaptic transmission
Synaptic transformation
460
Which of the following is a strength of custodial sentences
Opportunities for training and training
Stigma is involved
Psychological harm may be done in prison
They may be universities for crime
461
Minimalisation is trying to downplay the seriousness of an offence
True
False
462
What animal did Pavlov use?
Dogs
Rats
Horses
Birds
463
Any theory that values free will cannot be scientific
False
True
464
Mead's research helps us solve the nature/nurture debate
False
True
465
Ainsworth's study demonstrates good reliability as an observation
True
False
466
To improve the validity of a experiment a lie scale can be used
True
False
467
Mechelli found what about bilingual people and those who spoke one language?
A larger parietal cortex in bilingual people
There was no difference in the cortex size
A larger parietal cortex in people who spoke one language
468
Systematic desensitisation is used to treat phobias?
False
True
469
Campbell stated that profiles are vague and ambiguous
False
True
470
Identify the four mediational processes outlined in the SL theory
Affection, reduction, reproduction and motivation
Attention, retention, reproduction and motivation
Motivation, attendance, retention and reproductism
Attention, retention, reproduction and modification
471
What is an infradian rhythm?
A biological rhythm that occurs less than once every 24hrs
A biological rhythm that occurs more than once every 24hrs
A biological rhythm that occurs every 24 hours
A rhythm that never repeats
472
The right hemisphere was considered the analyser
True
False
473
How was Adrian Babb discovered?
He was caught at the scene
Because of how he treated his victims
Forensic evidence
All of the above
474
Identify the two ways interviews could become more reliable
Maintain standardised procedures and reduce ethical issues
Operationalise behaviour categories + use leading questions
Avoid leading questions and researchers should have training
475
Behavioural categories need to be...
Operationalised
Time sampled
Known to the participant to reduced deception
Spread out evenly
476
What did Gupta's study show?
The time of day didn't effect performance on IQ tests
People were better at IQ tests at 2pm compared to 7pm&9am
People were better at IQ tests at 9am compared to 2pm&7pm
People were better at IQ tests at 7pm compared to 2pm&9am
477
Outline the typical male stereotype
Loves shopping
Commitment phobic
Solves argument with silent treatment
Takes care of children
478
Which of the following is not a side effect of lobotomies?
Lethargy
Better physical health
Major personality changes
Eplilepsy
479
What has been used to study different areas within the brain?
PET
Post mortem
EEG
MRI
480
There is supporting evidence from twin studies that GID can be inherited
True
False
481
What did Canter and Heritage find when looking at 66 sexual assault cases
Impersonal language and lack of reaction to the victim
Personal language and a reaction to the victim
Impersonal language but a reaction to the victim
Personal language and lack of reaction to the victim
482
Peterson found in brain scans that the Broca's area was active during reading tasks?
True
False
483
Twins studies are inconclusive because...
Small sample sizes
It is difficult to separate the nature/nurture debate
All of the above
Evidence of environmental influences as well as biological
484
What gland releases ACTH?
Adrenal gland
Pineal gland
Thyroid gland
Pituitary gland
485
Smith and Lyoyd found in their study that...
Babies believed to be boys were treated like girls
Assumed baby genders were interacted with differently
Boys/girls treated the same by adults minus assumed sex
486
Token economy studies rarely have a control group
True
False
487
Humanism believes in...
Free will
Determinism
488
What was Broca's famous case study?
Tan
Ten
Tin
Ton
489
What were the conditions in Paul and Lentz's study?
Social learning ward - token economy
Milieu therapy ward - patients treated as normal, not ill
All three
The control ward - drug treatment
490
Freud stated that girls have a weaker superego than boys
True
False
491
What did Dooley find when looking at suicides in prisons
All of the above
There was no cause
Depression is likely to contribute to suicides in prisons
Schizophrenia leads to most suicides in prisons
492
What is recidivism
Refers to reoffending
Prison capacity
Token ecomony
Not reoffending
493
Inhibition is
When electrical impulses are converted to chemical messages
Neurotransmitter that stimulates a postive reaction
Neurotransmitter that stimulates a negative reaction
Brain chemicals relseased from synaptic vesicles
494
Relay neurons
Are only found in our visual system, brain and spinal cord
Carry electrical impulses from the receptors in the body
Carry messages away from the brain and spinal cord
Recieve messages from sensory neurons
495
What is a strength of family dysfunction? (FA = Family atmosphere)
Historically led to parent blaming
1 child in a family may have it but not other, not explained
A correlation has been seen between schizophrenia and FA
1% rates across cultures although EE varies quite a lot
496
A disadvantage of the attachment stages is that it ignores the influence of playmates.
False
True
497
What division of the ANS brings the body back to normal?
Sympathetic division
Parasympathetic division
498
Limitation of humanism
Positive image of the human condition
Limited application
Free Will
Hollistic
499
What is offender profiling?
An environmental sketch of the perpetrator
A biographical sketch of the perpetrator
An geographical sketch of the perpetrator
A biological sketch of the perpetrator
500
a reason for obedience?
Informational social influence
Normative social influence
Compliance
Agentic state
501
Freud's theory is known for having little supporting evidence
True
False
502
The way we behave is used to make what about what is happening in our brains?
Decisions
Inferences
Schemas
Hypothesis
503
Issues with classification and diagnosis
Emic constructs
Ethnocentric
Imposed etic
Co-morbidity
504
What is a disadvantage of a covert observation?
Increases face validity of study
More ecological validity
Reduced demand characteristics
Ethical issues of deception
505
He used his finding to develop how many stages of moral reasoning?
9
2
12
6
506
In Mcarthy’s study which attachment type grew to maintain the best relationships
secure attachment
secure - resistent attachment
insecure - secure attachment
secure - avoidant attachment
507
The bottom up approach is more scientific than the top down approach
True
False
508
A correlation illustrates the strength of a association between two co-variables
Falslse
True
509
What happens to chemical messages?
They fire too quickly or too easily
They don't fire easily enough
They fire too slowly
They fire both too slowly and not easily enough
510
What is the usual level of significance used by researcher?
0.05
0.01
00.5
0.02
511
What are the three types of biological rhythms?
Systematic, Circadian, Ultradian
Circadian, Ultradian and Infradian
Systematic, Circadian, Infradian
Intradian, Circadian, Ultradien
512
Jacob found...
Average span of 5-9
Average span 7-9
513
Who conducted a study into Dyads as a way of testing interactional Synchrony?
Schaffer and Emerson
Bowlby
Isabelle et al
Ainsworth
514
Pollock found that what percentage of child molesters argued their crime was non sexual
45%
35%
15%
95%
515
Which country maintains the lowest percentage of insecure resistant attachments?
Israel
China
Britain
Germany
516
The sensory neurons
Carry messages away from the brain and spinal cord
Recieves messages from sensory neurons
Carry electrical impulses from the receptors in the body
Are found in our visual system
517
Schizophrenics have an abnormally high amount of D2 receptors
False
True
518
The social learning theory is considered to be a 'developed theory'
False
True
519
What did Palmer find when studying 210 female non offenders and 126 female offenders
Delinquents showed more mature moral reasoning
Non delinquents showed less mature moral reasoning
Delinquents showed no moral reasoning
Delinquents showed less mature moral reasoning
520
What does the diathesis stress model suggest?
A predisposition causes schizophrenia
Some people have a predisposition and stressors trigger it
The envionment causes schizophrenia
Neither the enviroment or predisposition is accountable
521
Percentage LTM recall of all 4 categories
AS:70% AD:70% SS:55% SD:85%
AS:70% AD:70% SS:85% SD:55%
522
Who found that the menstrual cycle can be effected by exogenous cues?
Russell
Adams
523
What is the main form of treatment for schizophrenia?
Psychological treatment
Drugs
524
Which topic has been argued to be scientific?
Psychodynamic
Behaviourism
Cognitive
Biological
525
Freud's gender explanation lacks supporting evidence
False
True
526
An important theoretical model is based on what?
Cognitive functions
Memory
Information processing
Influences
527
What did Meyer-Lindenberg find?
Sufferers did well at reasoning but bad in memory tasks
Schizophrenics did well in both memory and reasoning tasks
Sufferers did well at memory but bad at reasoning tasks
Schizophrenics did worse in memory and reasoning tasks
528
Teenagers circadian rhythm starts 2 hours later than those of adults
True
False
529
Not Stages of flooding
Recognisess there is no need for their anxiety
Crying probs lol
Initially destressed and anxious
Immediate exposure
530
Outline the female stereotype role
Poor drivers
Loves shopping
Child carer
All of the above
531
Not part of Ellis' ABC
Belief
Dog
Consequences
Activating event
532
Brain sex theory demonstrates...
Mechanical determinism
Cognitive reductionism
Biological determinism
Biological reductionism
533
Identity the main problem with using case studies to support theories
Results cannot be generalised due to small sample
The lack of qualitative data
Demand characteristics from participants
Studies often lack internal validity
534
What were children lacking in these institutions?
The ability to form multiple attachments
Nuggets and cheese
Emotional and cognitive stimulation
535
Which of the following is a weakness of EEG
Does not pinpoint the exat source of neural activity
Contributed to understanding about of the stages of sleep
Invaluable in the diagnosis of conditions like epilepsy
Has extremely high temporal resolution
536
What is a disadvantage of Bem's study?
Lack of right to withdraw
Relies on having insight into personality- Not everyone does
Demand characteristics for desirable behaviour
Poor reliability
537
Failure to function adequately is if they are unable to cope with the demands of everyday life
True
False
538
What is a leading question?
A question which is phrased to suggest a certain answer
A question ppts interpret wrong
539
To carry out the mean for a set of data, you subtract the lowest score from the highest score
False
True
540
Identify the two main characteristics which were present within the children
Dis-inhibited attachment and mental retardation
Interactional synchrony and mental rehabilitation
Dis-inhibited retardation and faulty thinking
541
Strengths deviation from social norms
Social norms change over time
Social norms are culturally specific
Easy to look at and diagnose
Social norms can also depend on the situation or contex
542
Which of the following is a strength of victim surveys?
They can assess attitude towards crime
Under represent certain crimes
More likely to include what has not been reported to police
Do not include victimless crimes
543
Studies show that media/television increases the likelihood of children developing stereotypes
False
True
544
What was Bedlam known for?
More facilities that anywhere else
Better drug treatments
Good treatment of the mentally ill
Ill-treatment of the mentally ill
545
What is the top down approach?
Analysis just of the victim
Analysis of the location
Analysis of the crime scene, the victim+ existing knowledge
None of the above
546
The dopamine hypothesis I shall reductionist and deterministic
Literally everything psychology is lol
True
False
547
Offenders were said to be patient
False
True
548
Research into biological rhythms are deterministic
True
False
549
Identify another study which supports Bowbly’s internal working model
Schaffer and Emerson
Bailey et al
Lorenz
Harlow
550
What is EWT?
The ability off people to remember events such as accidents
Free recall
Unstructured interviews
551
NICE does not recommend art therapy
True
False
552
Type 2 schizophrenia is characterised by what?
Positive symptoms
Negative symptoms
553
The learning theory suggests that attachment is primary drive
True
False
554
Which type of determinism does this theory show?
Biological
Psychic
Environmental
Nuggets
555
Classical conditioning is...?
Learning through consequence
Learning through association
556
What is an endogenous pacemaker?
Internal body clocks that regulate biological rhythms
External cues that entrain our biological rhythms
557
Mixed results have been found
False
True
558
Which of these is not a procedure point of Asch's line study?
The participant usually went last
Participants sat in a semicircle so they could see others
They compared comparison lines to a target line
18 critical trials carried out
559
What didn't Fromm-Reichman suggest?
There was a warm and complacent father
The was a cold and domineering schizophrenogenic mother
There was a cold and domineering schizophrenogenic father
There was a warm and complacent mother
560
Stength of statistical infrequency
Many rare behaviours don't effect abnormality
The statistical approach helps to set specific cut off point
no distinguishing between good and undesirable behaviour.
The decision of where to start classification is arbitrary
561
Defence mechanisms are used to...
To increase acknowledgement of the superego
To reduce anxiety in the ID
To bring us back into the conscious mind
To reduce anxiety when the ego is in conflict
562
Significance level does not determine whether a hypothesis is directional/non directional
False
True
563
What does the revised dopamine hypothesis state? (PS = positive symptoms)
PS are caused by excess dopamine in the frontal lobes
PS are caused by excess dopamine in subcortical areas
PS are caused by a lack of dopamine
PS are caused by excess dopamine in the cerabellum
564
The strategies are aimed at reducing stress levels and increasing compliance with medication
True
False
565
Which of these is a possible way to describe abnormality
Lack of deviation from social norms
failure to function adequately
Statistical frequency
Lack of deviation from ideal mental health
566
Schonenberg found what when showing offenders emotionally ambiguous expressions
They percieved them as violent and hostile
They percieved them as confused and afraid
They percieved them as friendly
They could not suggest an emotion
567
There are peak times when drugs are likely to be more effective
False
True
568
One reasons Freud's theory is not scientific is due to it not being falsifiable
True
False
569
Where were treatments and management in post 1950?
There was no where for them, they had not yet been developed
Home
Large asylums
Hospitals
570
Who did Ripke compare in his study on candidate genes?
113 patients to 370 controls
37,000 patients to 113,000 controls
370 patients to 113 controls
113,000 patients to 37,000 controls
571
Information received after the event causes proactive interference?
False
True
572
What did Allyon and Azrin do when testing token economy on female patients?
Gave tokens for good behaviour and took them away for bad
Gave tokens for good and bad behaviour
Gave tokens for bad behaviour and took them away for good
Gave no tokens
573
What is the dark figure of crime?
Crimes that go unreported
More serious crimes
All crimes
Petty crimes
574
The psychodynamic approach suggests that...
All children must go through the electra complex
Identification with their same sex parent is vital
Schemas of childhood experiences are critical
575
The SCN is the main endogenous pacemaker
True
False
576
Sperry concluded what from his research?
All of the above
SB patients have 2 independant streams of consciousness
People with split brains have 2 separate visual inner worlds
The second hempishere is unaware of what the first is doing
577
The synchrony in the mentrual cycle found in studies could not be due to chance
True
False
578
What Experiment shows classical conditioning of pphobias
Lil Trevor
Lil albert
lil pete
lil John
579
What is the following is a weakness of anger management
They are expensive to run
Most may count for little when put in certain situations
More likely to lead to permanant change
Acknowledges that offending is complex
580
Congential adrenal Hyperplasia is a condition where...
Men produce less testosterone
Women have no oestrogen during puberty
Men receive more oestrogen
A child experiences high levels of male hormones
581
In Harlow’s monkey experiment, he discovered that...
Cupboard love is essential for attachment
Nature and Nurture are equal when it comes to attachment
Rhesus monkeys are smarter than the average human
582
Who carried out researcher into cross cultural gender studies with three tribes?
Martin
Meed
Matthews
Mead
583
Identify the main female hormone
Adrenaline
Oeastragon
Oestrogen
Testosterone
584
Melatonin is thought to be implicated in SAD
False
True
585
If the results are significant the alternate hypothesis is excepted
True
False
586
Coding is used as a part of content analysis and produces quantitative data
False
True
587
Scientific laws are generalisable
True
False
588
Distortion of judgement
They believe their own perceptions are innacurate
People who lack self confidence
Didnt understand the task
589
Which of the following is not a characteristic of an organised offender?
Skilled job
Leaves fewer clues
Covers tracks
Lives alone
590
Schemas can hinder new information
True
False
591
Cocurrent validity is when...
When a study does not measure what it intends too
When results can be generalised outside of the experiment
When results found are similar to previous ones obtained
When results are not consistent over time to society
592
Which of these is a procedure point of Baddeley (1966)
Study tested LTM
One group Recalled after 2 days.
Ppts given 4 sets of words to learn (A,B,C and D)
One group recalled immediately one recalled after 20 mins
593
CBT is based on the theory that patients can be helped by changing faulty cognitions
False
True
594
It is not exclusive to those from deprived backgrounds
True
False
595
Baddely and Hitch found WMM supporting evidence?
True
False
596
In which case did offender profiling fail?
Adrian Babb
Ted Bundy
John Duffy
Rachel Nickell
597
Identify the correct order of Kholberg's stages of gender cognitive development
Gender constancy, gender identity and gender stability
Gender identity, gender stability and gender constancy
Gender stability , gender consistency and gender identity
Gender fluctuation, gender identity and gender consistency
598
Which definition best describes a Monotropic attachment?
A child can only form an attachment with one caregiver
A temporary attachment when away from the primary caregiver
When a child can form multiple attachments
A children can only form attachments in the critical period
599
Repression is the act of...
Denying an unpleasant memory
Keeping bad memories out of the conscious mind
Displacing a memory
Transferring a memory into the precocious mind
600
What are the two types of offender?
Tidy and disorganised
Tidy and messy
Organised and messy
Organised and disorganised
601
How have high levels of D2 receptors been recognised?
Post mortems and PET scans
Post mortems and MRI scans
They haven't been recognised
PET and MRI scans
602
What happened in the case of Phineas Gage?
His Broca's area was damaged
His personality remained the same
His Wernickes area was damaged
His personality drastically changed
603
Why is immediate recall likely to be better with acoustically dissimilar words?
Easier to distinguish words from each other
Less likely to guess at words
They sound the same
They have the same meaning
604
Why is psychology considered a pre-science?
All of the assumptions are shared
It does not have a shared set of assumptions
Too broad
It has too many methods to compare
605
Statistical infrequency says behaviour is abnormal if it is rare or unusual
True
False
606
What is a hypothesis
A statement made at the beginning of the study (predication)
The procedure
The aim of the study
What the study is about
607
The cognitive approach looks at internal mental processes
False
True
608
Limitation of behavioural approach
Moerer's two process model gives insight into phobias
Scientific methods
Reductionist
Free Will
609
Which of the following is a strength of Freud's theory
They are deterministic
Some crimes aren't caused by irrational ID behaviour
Many who don't have a same sex parent aren't criminals
Plausable reason for crimes that have no poosible reason
610
What is meant by Free will?
Personal agency
Not all behaviour is determined
You are reduced to genes or the environment
All behaviour is determined