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Unit 3 & 4 Review
Unit 3 & 4 Review
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1
After its victory in conquering all of South Asia, what best describes the Mughal Empire?
It had a small Muslim minority governing over a large Hindu majority.
It was split roughly 50-50 between Buddhists and Hindus.
It was mostly Muslim with a Hindu minority.
It was dominated by a new religion called Sikhism.
2
What was the Mughal Empire's policy toward different religions for most of its history (up to Emperor Aurangzeb).
Rulers were converted to Buddhist traditions.
Rulers were religiously tolerant, allowing majority Hinduism to continue.
Rulers tried to impose Islam on the conquered peoples of South Asia.
Rulers converted to a new religion: Sikhism
3
"The Janissaries" of the Ottoman Empire
would be an example of how land-based empires_________.
Created Tribute collection systems
Recruited bureaucratic elites
Generated Revenue through trade
Developed military professionals.
4
The first voyages of BOTH Spain and England to the Americas were motivated MOST by a
need to find new fishing grounds to feed growing populations.
desire to find a new route to trade with Asia for luxury products.
missionary impulse to spread either Catholic or Protestant Christianity.
competitive urge to establish settler colonies.
5
The
SANTERIA
religion of CUBA (in the Caribbean) would have been a blend of all of these cultures
EXCEPT
Native American Animism
Spanish Catholicism
African Yoruba Shamanism
East Asian Buddhism
6
Which date represents the greatest SETBACK (defeat) for Ottoman expansion efforts?
1514
1676
1606
1571
7
In Istanbul, Turkey. Mosque for SUNNI Islam. Built for Sultan Süleyman. Also a MAUSOLEUM for tombs of Sultans.
Safavid Empire
Ottoman Empire
Mughal Empire
Ming to Qing Empire
8
Which region(s) supplied the most
SUGAR
to feed the 'sweet tooth' of the world circa 1450-1750 C.E.?
West and Central Africa
The Caribbean & Brazil
South & Southeast Asia
Andean South America
9
What is the best explanation for the demographic trend you see in this chart?
Mesoamerican chinampas were replaced with European field agriculture.
European guns & cannons killed many Mesoamericans.
There were a large number of migrants from Iberia to Mesoamerica.
Smallpox, measles, & malaria killed 90% of Mesoamerican peoples.
10
How did the Unit 4 European Empires MOST differ from earlier land-based empires of Units 1, 2, & 3?
They were the first to try to culturally convert people.
They were the first to transmit diseases between regions.
Merchants were involved for the first time in these empires.
They were built by maritime conquest of regions oceans away
11
All of the following are true of the effects of the slave trade IN Africa. Which was a
SOCIAL
consequence?
More men were taken as slaves causing imbalances in gender and families.
The population of Africa stagnated even as Eurasia's rapidly grew.
Some states increased in power because they profited from the trade.
Missionaries brought Christianity into Western and Central Africa.
12
If you wanted to add arrows on the map to show "Triangular Trade", they'd show
African cash crops to Europe & Americas silver to Asia.
European cash crops to Americas & African goods to Europe
European goods to Africa & Americas crops to Europe
Americas goods to Africa & African slaves to Europe
13
Below is an image of a follower of "Taki Onqoy". What would he have believed?
It was his duty to convert to Catholicism
It was his duty to fight attempts to convert him
It was his duty to convert to Protestantism
14
A Qing Dynasty Emperor (the elite of the elite) had a long day. What would have been the "cultural" part of his morning?
11am-2:30pm: Writing laws
5am-7am: Worship of ancestors & the Buddha
7am-9:30am: Reading reports from local officials about harvests, money, etc
9:30am-11am: Meeting with officials
15
What was
NOT
a reason for Unit 4 European maritime exploration and empire building?
Europe wanted more luxury products like spices, silk, porcelain, etc.
Europe wanted to rely on the Ottoman Empire for its trade.
Europe wanted to diffuse Christianity to new territories & peoples.
European monarchs competed with rivals to gain status & wealth.
16
Before 1450, this empire ruled the largest land-based empire in history & "set the stage" for most Eurasian Empires.
Mongol Empire
Han Dynasty
Roman Empire
Egyptian Empire
17
South Asia. Sunni Muslims ruling over a majority Hindu population. Were religiously tolerant until Emperor Aurangzeb.
C) Safavid Empire
B) Mughal Empire
D) Ottoman Empire
A) Qing Empire
18
Increasingly, many are protesting
AGAINST
Columbus Day in the USA because they argue that...
Columbus lied, enslaved & killed natives, & his "discovery" was a theft.
Columbus was a great example of Italian (Latin) migration to the U.S. of A.
C'mon, it's a day off work. What's the problem?
Columbus was a brave Christian who diffused Western Civilization.
19
Which is an accurate definition of the Columbian Exchange?
The deal made between Portugal and Spain to divide world in half.
The exchange of new plants, animals, & diseases between hemispheres.
The agreement between Columbus & Spain to explore a route to India.
The tribute relations that existed between Indian Ocean trading nations.
20
What was a unique innovation of The Netherlands and England to unit 4 economics?
colonies in the Americas.
silver-backed currencies.
mercantilist joint-stock companies.
caravels using lateen sails.
21
In Moscow. Built by Tsar Ivan the IV ('the terrible') for the Christian Eastern Orthodox Church.
Spanish Empire
French Empire
Russian Empire
German Empire
22
Which is the correct order of classes in the casta system? (from top to bottom)
Indio, Creole, Peninsulare, Negro, Mestizo
Peninsulare, Mesitzo,Creole, Negro, Indio
Peninsulare, Creole,Mestizo,Indio, Negro
Creole, Mestizo, Peninsulare, Negro, Indio
23
All of the images below deal
MOSTLY
with which time period in European history?
The Age of Exploration
The Scientific Revolution
The Artistic Renaissance
The Enlightenment
24
Watch
WHOLE VIDEO
! For the Ottomans, capturing Constantinople (with cannons) was
MOST
important because_____
It was the most important religious site of their empire.
It gave them economic benefits from taxing trade with Europe.
It was their original home & they wanted it back.
They wanted it to build pasture land for their horses.
25
What happened as a result of this transition in Chinese dynasties?
The Korean "Ming" asserted their power & took over China
End of Mongol Empire led to takeover by classically Chinese dynasty.
The Mongols changed their name from "Yuan" to "Ming".
Japanese "Ming" warriors conquered all of China.
26
The "trading posts" of European maritime empires were most similarly comparable to which Unit 2 trade network?
Exchange in the Indian Ocean
Trans-Saharan Trade Routes
The Silk Road
Regional trade in the Americas
27
Guru Nanak founded the Sikh religion in which region?
Middle East
Russia
South Asia
China
28
Farmers who had to pay a landowner in the Ottoman Empire
would be an example of how land-based empires_____.
Generated Revenue through trade
Created taxation systems
Developed military professionals.
Recruited bureaucratic elites
29
For the Ottomans, "Devshirme" was a system that
Took Christian children as tributes for the army.
Killed people as sacrifices to their gods.
Abolished slavery within the empire.
Forced all people in their empire to become Muslim.
30
The expansion of empires led to conflict with each other. What was TRUE about the cultural reasons these two fought?
They were fighting about Christianity: Catholics vs. Eastern Orthodox.
One was a Muslim Empire while the other was a Hindu Empire.
The Ottomans were Sunni Muslims while the Safavids were Shia Muslims.
They were fighting over who built the best monumental architecture.
31
This image of Lisbon, Portugal in the 17th Century could be used by a historian to prove...
maritime empires created a new economic elite who'd made $ from trade
empires used monumental architecture to reinforce their rule
just like land-based empires, maritime empires used guns & cannons
navigation & innovations in ship designs were critical to maritime empires
32
"Yasak" or forcing Siberians to give furs to the Russian Empire
would be an example of how land-based empires_________.
Created Tribute collection systems
Developed military professionals.
Generated Revenue through trade
Recruited bureaucratic elites
33
Sikhism is a good example of a syncretic religion that developed in this time period. What religions were combined?
Hinduism and Islam
Islam and Confucianism
Hinduism and Buddhism
Christianity and Judaism
34
What was a SECURITY reason for the expansion of the Russian Empire to the south and east?
It wanted to control sea trade in the Indian ocean.
It wanted to spread Eastern Orthodox Christianity.
It wanted to take advantage of the rich trade in fur.
It wanted to stop pastoralist and Muslim expansion.
35
The "casta system" was
a type of imperial bureaucracy.
a Latin American card game.
an economic system.
a racially based social hierarchy.
36
Given its location and description, the city of Tauris in the Safavid Empire shows the continuing importance of
Trans-Saharan Trade
Mediterranean Ocean Trade
Indian Ocean Sea Trade
The Silk Road
37
In Isfahan, Iran. A mosque for SHIA Islam. Built by Shah Abbas in new capital city, it was the Royal Mosque.
Ottoman Empire
Ming to Qing Empire
Safavid Empire
Mughal Empire
38
"Boats on the Great Canal"
Political Recruitment of Elites
Social promotion of Confucianism
Interaction with Environment in Public Works
Economic production of goods for export
39
Portugal was the 1st to create a "transoceanic interconnection" of
trading posts
between the
Atlantic Ocean and Pacific Ocean
Atlantic Ocean and Arctic Ocean
Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean
40
Who discovered gunpowder/how?
by blacksmiths looking to create better metals
by religious leaders looking for a way to scare away spirits.
by peasants who dug it up during farming
by alchemists trying to discover a potion of immortality
41
This is the Spanish silver mine Potosi (modern Bolivia) in
1590
; the workers are
Native American
. Which is true?
They were slaves forced to labor for the Spanish
They used this silver to freely trade for Spanish crops
They were completely and legally equal to the Spanish
They were free but were taxed by the Spanish
42
Aztecs demanded goods from neighboring civilizations
would be an example of how land-based empires_____.
Developed military professionals.
Recruited bureaucratic elites
Generated Revenue through trade
Created Tribute collection systems
43
"Civil Service Examinations" of the Qing Dynasty
would be an example of how land-based empires_________.
Created Tribute collection systems
Generated Revenue through trade
Developed military professionals.
Recruited bureaucratic elites
44
While it was diffused by the Mongols, who were the original inventors of gunpowder?
The Romans
The Byzantines
The Chinese
The Egyptians
45
Qing Dynasty defeated Ming Dynasty. What new military tech. helped them MOST both in that war and against pastoralists?
Horse saddles & stirrups
Bows and arrows
Gunpowder, guns, & cannons
Infantry with shields and swords
46
These portraits of Emperors show how land-based imperial authorities used their__________ to legitimize their rule.
Social powers
Economic powers
Technological powers
Cultural religious powers
47
All of the following are true of Christopher Columbus' 4 voyages
EXCEPT
:
His mission to reach India succeeded so he established trading posts there.
His voyages made Europeans interested in exploring beyond Afro-Eurasia.
His Spanish state-sponsored voyage created the 2nd maritime empire.
His ships were a new design known as a "caravel".
48
"Peasant women weaving silk"
Political Recruitment of Elites
Economic production of goods for export
Social promotion of Confucianism
Interaction with Environment in Public Works
49
The Spanish discovered that they could get Asian luxury products in exchange for the
SILVER
they were mining in
The Caribbean & Brazil
West and Central Africa
South & Southeast Asia
Andean South America
50
Context: The example of
Zheng He
before 1450 demonstrates that land empires like the Ming were increasingly
looking to create empires in the Americas.
shutting themselves off from the rest of the world.
projecting state power and encouraging overseas foreign trade.
seeking to expand trade over the Silk Road
51
How is gunpowder made?
combining salt and peppa
magic
by mixing sulphur, saltpeter, and charcoal
collecting angry sand
52
In Beijing, China. Built for the "Celestial Emperor" & seat of government for 500 years. Very Confucian layout!
Ottoman Empire
Safavid Empire
Ming to Qing Empire
Mughal Empire
53
These two images provide evidence that after the Spanish conquest of Mesoamerica...
The Mayan religion was identical to European Christianity.
Spanish settlers were able to totally convert all Mayans.
Mayans remained totally isolated from Spanish conquest.
Mayans preserved & blended their culture into Christianity.
54
Located in Agra, India. It is a "MAUSOLEUM". Shah Jahan ordered it built for the tomb of his favorite wife Mumtaz.
Ming to Qing Empire
Safavid Empire
Mughal Empire
Ottoman Empire
55
M.East/N.Africa/Europe. Turks. Sunni Islam. Beat old Byzantine Empire. Fought Shia Muslims. Ruled by a "Sultan".
C) Safavid Empire
B) Mughal Empire
A) Qing Empire
D) Ottoman Empire
56
China's process of charging European merchants in silver coins
would be an example of how land-based empires_____.
Created Tribute collection systems
Developed military professionals.
Generated Revenue through trade
Recruited bureaucratic elites
57
Below is a scene from the 30 year's war after the Reformation. This war involved fights between
Philosophes vs. Absolute Monarchs
Sunni vs. Shia
Hindus vs. Muslims
Protestants vs. Catholics
58
"The Cossacks" of the Russian Empire
would be an example of how land-based empires_________.
Recruited bureaucratic elites
Generated Revenue through trade
Developed military professionals.
Created Tribute collection systems
59
"All the Family Turns out for Marriage Ceremony"
Political Recruitment of Elites
Economic production of goods for export
Interaction with Environment in Public Works
Social promotion of Confucianism
60
Which region
DID NOT
contribute navigation technologies that 15th century Europeans relied on?
South Asia
The Americas
Middle East
East Asia
61
What's the
MOST
likely reason this painting was commissioned (paid for) by Ottoman Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent?
To glorify Sunni Islam.
To export to Europe as a luxury product.
To glorify Turkish values & rulership of the Sultan.
To explain Islamic science & technology.
62
Compared to other land-based empires, Japanese expansion between 1450-1750 relied MOSTLY on__________
The imposition of their feudal system on others.
Direct military conflict with foreign empires.
Emigration and overseas economic trade.
Spreading their culture to foreign lands.
63
Which of the following BEST describes the symbolism of this portrait of Mughal Emperor Jahangir?
It shows the growing power of the Empire, justified by religion.
It shows his devotion to Islam, the religion of Mughal rulers.
It shows the scientific advances of the Mughal Empire.
It shows the economic dominance of the Indian Ocean Trade
64
Which of the following environmental innovations was UNIQUE to the challenges of sailing in the
Indian Ocean
?
Learning about magnetic poles & latitude to create the astrolabe & compass
Creating ways that lateen sails could move with square sails.
An understanding of seasonal monsoon wind patterns
Applying paper technology to maritime maps
65
All of the following statements are true. Which one could you prove with the
CULTURAL
evidence from the Casta painting?
Maritime empires used syncretic religions to legitimize their rule.
Eurasian & American foods mixed in the 'Columbian Exchange.'
Taxation, trade, and coerced labor provided revenue for imperial expansion.
Local bureaucratic elites were recruited to maintain imperial control.
66
Why did the vast majority of Latin America become Catholic after 1492?
Chinese explorer Zheng He had spread it on his voyages there
Martin Luther made a trip there to convert people
Merchant traders encouraged it to ease trade
Spanish & Portuguese priests were aided by imperial rule
67
Why was Spain's sponsorship of Ferdinand Magellan's voyage in 1519 historically SIGNIFICANT?
It was the first exchange of plants and animals between hemispheres.
It was the first time a European state sponsored a transoceanic voyage.
It was the first time Europeans reached the Western Hemisphere.
It was the first circumnavigation of the entire world.
68
SLAVES
forcibly taken to work on the plantations of the maritime empires came mostly from
Andean South America
South & Southeast Asia
The Caribbean & Brazil
West and Central Africa
69
The BEST explanation for Europe's ability to make breakthroughs in navigation technologies would be that...
they came to them as a result of the Columbian Exchange.
all navigation technologies were invented independently in Europe.
Marco Polo's book had everything Europeans needed to travel Silk Roads.
technologies from other civilizations were diffused & improved upon.
70
"The Examination Hall for the Bureaucrats"
Interaction with Environment in Public Works
Social promotion of Confucianism
Economic production of goods for export
Political Recruitment of Elites
71
What's the best definition of "Mercantilism"?
An economic system that equally distributed the profits of merchant trade.
An economic system controlling merchants for the benefit of the state.
An economic system of simple barter in basic commodities between merchants.
An economic system where governments promote free trade between merchants.
72
Middle East. Persia. Shia Islam. Went to war with Ottomans. Ruled by a "Shah."
A) Qing Empire
B) Mughal Empire
D) Ottoman Empire
C) Safavid Empire
73
What is a TRUE social cause of Latin American 'Castas'?
Women increasingly asserting their desire for suffrage.
European men married Native or African women, creating mixed families
Whole families fled religious violence in Europe to create settler colonies
The Spanish crown wanted to give equal rights to Natives and Africans.
74
This system of early state-sponsored Spanish colonization that relied on coerced Native labor was called
encomienda
chattel slavery
mit'a
indentured servitude
75
This image shows 6 years in the nearly 400 year Atlantic slave trade. What was
NOT
an effect of this trade?
Diseases spread because of the deplorable condition of slave ships.
African crops like okra, yams, & rice were diffused to the Americas.
Fossil fuel burning increased to power steam engines for labor.
The coerced labor of slaves on plantations enriched imperial economies.
76
"Port factories" for foreign merchants in Tokugawa Japan
would be an example of how land-based empires_____.
Created Tribute collection systems
Developed military professionals.
Generated Revenue through trade
Recruited bureaucratic elites
77
All of the following are true of the British E.I.C. and the Dutch V.O.C. between 1450-1750
EXCEPT
:
The E.I.C. focused on cotton trade while the V.O.C. focused on spice trade.
V.O.C. "fluyts" carried more cargo making them more profitable than E.I.C.
The E.I.C. conquered the Mughals, but the V.O.C. lost Southeast Asian wars.
Both companies were a mixture of state & private investments.
78
This map of the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade could
BEST
be used to demonstrate that
Brazil & the Caribbean were major African slave destinations
The Ottoman Empire never used African slaves
Europeans were invading Africa to capture slaves
East Africa was the main source for slaves to the Americas
79
Which transfer between hemispheres would have been
MOST
responsible for the demographic trend you see after 1500 C.E.?
Chilies, cacao, & tobacco from Americas to Afro-Eurasia
Sugar, bananas, & coffee from Afro-Eurasia to Americas
Horses, cattle, & pigs from Afro-Eurasia to Americas
Maize (corn), potatoes, & beans from Americas to Afro-Eurasia
80
How did Emperor Aurangzeb change the Mughal Empire's religious policies?
He converted to Buddhist traditions.
He tried to impose Islam on the conquered peoples of South Asia.
He converted to a new religion: Sikhism
He was religiously tolerant, allowing majority Hinduism to continue.
81
All of the following are true, but what was a
POLITICAL
effect of the Reformation?
Luther's emphasis on reading encouraged literacy.
Peasants admired Luther's message of Christian equality.
New Christian churches emerged: Lutherans, Anglicans, etc.
Kings & rulers used the protest to increase their power.
82
The underlined sentence could best be used to demonstrate which stage of imperial development?
Its importance as an imperial capital.
Its growth because of the silk road.
Its creation as an agricultural settlement.
Its decline following imperial expansion and conflict.
83
In setting "transoceanic interconnections" in motion, Portugal's primary motivation before 1450 was
To find a mythical African Christian King named Prestor John
To get African slaves to work on Brazilian sugar plantations
To establish new bases on the land-based silk routes
To get direct access to the lucrative Indian Ocean trade network
84
All of these civilizations participated in Unit 2 Trans-Saharan trade. How did their trade
CHANGE
in 1450-1750?
They reduced their reliance on trade in favor of domestic production.
They traded salt and gold north and east into the Mediterranean system.
They used slaves for domestic household and agricultural tasks.
They captured slaves for Atlantic export in exchange for European goods.
85
Throughout the Americas, policies of the European empires were resisted by
maroon societies
. What were these?
Native Americans resisting land confiscation.
Merchants resisting state tariffs (taxes) on trade.
Africans resisting slavery by running away & fighting for freedom.
Protestants & Catholics resisting religious laws.
86
The 'pilgrims' started a wave of British settler colonies in the Americas. What were they looking for?
They were Protestants looking to flee religious violence.
They were looking for a passage to Asia.
The were looking for gold.
They were looking to spread Catholicism.
87
Which of the following
WAS NOT
part of the Columbian Exchange?
African religious and food culture came to the Americas
Smallpox from the Americas widely infected Europeans
Eurasian animals were transported and raised in Americas
Food of the Americas was transported and grown in Eurasia
88
How did both the Qing Dynasty & Tokugawa Shogunate respond to European influence?
They cut off all contact with the outside world.
They allowed European merchants free trading privileges.
They encouraged the spread of Christianity in their territories.
They promoted Asian trade but limited European missionaries & merchants.
89
Which region(s) supplied the most
COTTON, SPICES, & SILK
to the world market circa 1450-1750 C.E.?
Andean South America
South & Southeast Asia
The Caribbean & Brazil
West and Central Africa
90
The empire from Unit 3 that
MOST
threatened European culture & economy, spurring Portugal et al to explore, was
the Manchu Qing
the Mughals
the Safavids
the Ottomans
91
The Ming's most famous Emperor was Yongle. What were his policies in the theme of POLITICS?
He had scholars do an 11 volume encylopedia of classical Chinese learning.
He rebuilt canals, bridges, & irrigation destroyed by the Mongols.
He sent a large fleet of ships led by Admiral Zheng He to the Indian Ocean.
He started civil service examinations to combat bureaucratic corruption.
92
Which breakthrough of the Scientific Revolution most challenged traditional religious views?
The study of the anatomy of the human body
The study of mathematics that led to ideas of probability, binomials, & -#s
The study of mechanics that led to breakthroughs in machinery
The study of astronomy & the place of the sun in the solar system
93
This cross from mid-16th century central Mexico would have been carved in the context of
Aztecs trying to preserve culture despite Spanish conquest.
The development of early Aztec culture and mythology.
Aztec empire building through an alliance of the "3 tribes."
Edicts by the Pope which attempted to ban local religions.
94
Our Lady of Guadalupe (1746)
MOSTLY
reflects a syncretic blending of
Native American and African cultures
Christianity and Islam
Catholic Christianity and Native American culture
Protestant and Catholic Christianity
95
This description of the Ottoman Empire shows that a continuity from Unit 1 to Unit 3 is that Ottomans were ORIGINALLY
pastoralist Turkish peoples.
merchant trading Mediterranean peoples.
Christian peoples.
settled agriculturalist Byzantine peoples.
96
East Asia. Took power from Ming who took over after Yuan. Confucianism. Security motivated their move into Central Asia.
D) Ottoman Empire
C) Safavid Empire
A) Qing Empire
B) Mughal Empire
97
This
IVORY
statue from 17th century
INDIA
exported to
PORTUGAL
could be used as evidence to prove
India=proof that Asian trade goods were highly in demand.
Ivory=proof that Swahili merchants continued to trade African luxury goods.
Christ child=proof that Portuguese trading diffused Catholicism to Asia.
Crown=proof that imperial states used art to reinforce their legitimacy.
98
Economically, what drove rivalries between the major states of Eurasia between 1450-1750?
Conflict both within Christianity & between Christians with other faiths.
The challenge to authority by local elites.
Disputes about the legitimacy of dynastic rule.
Competition over trade routes & resource rich territories around the world.
