blocks the action of neurotransmitters

Negative reinforcement involves...

the removal of an unpleasant stimulus

When people overestimate the frequency of violent crimes because these events are on TV, they..

are using the availability heuristic

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5/14 Ap Psychology Review

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A basic review over all material covered in AP Psychology used to prepare for the AP Exam.

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Questions 96

Answers

1
A personality measure that asks you to respond freely to an ambiguous stimulus (ex. inkblot) is
a projective test
a behavior rating
a self-report inventory
a deceptive test
2
A stimulus evokes a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus in...
observational learning
classical conditioning
operant conditioning
state-dependent learning
3
Which of the following statements is the best example of telegraphic speech?
i wanted a cookie
I eated a cookie
cookie
give cookie
4
The deepest level of processing which involves emphasizing the meaning of words is known as...
the semantic level of encoding
dyadic encoding
attention encoding
the triarchic level of encoding
5
A person who loses memories of events that occur following a head injury is experiencing...
pseudoforgetting
anterograde amnesia
retroactive interference
retrograde amnesia
6
The structure that controls the size of the pupil is the...
lens
iris
vitreous humor
cornea
7
The process of pushing distressing thoughts into the unconscious and keeping them there is...
neurogenic amnesia
repression
suppression
avoidance
8
The structure that connects the two hemispheres of the brain is called the...
corpus callosum
thalamus
parietal lobe
pineal gland
9
The EEG pattern associated with normal, waking, alert states is...
beta
gamma
delta
alpha
10
The ability to rapidly process words in reading depends most on...
top-down processing
bottom-to-top processing
bottom-up processing
lateral processing
11
Jay used to say "mikk", but now says "milk" properly, meaning he has made gains in the use of..
linguistic heuristics
syntax
morphemes
phonemes
12
If a psychological test intends to tell you how you score relative to others, they must develop
test norms
test levels
test scales
test scores
13
Homeostasis is a state of...
physiological instability
physiological stability
psychological instability
psychological stability
14
In experiments, subjects that receive special treatment are known as...
the observational group
the correlational group
the control group
the experimental group
15
The Binet-Simon scale of intelligence expressed a child's score in terms of...
a percentile score
mental age
IQ
a potential score
16
Hadley uses ____ to relieve the symptoms of her glaucoma and relax her.
marijuana
mescaline
heroin
cocaine
17
If a dog salivates to a blue light but not a yellow light, the dog is demonstrating...
spontaneous recovery
stimulus generalization
stimulus discrimination
conditioned emotional reactions
18
Reliability refers to the _______ of a measuring device, such as a test.
predictability
accuracy of inference
representativeness
consistency
19
According to the James-Lange theory, one's conscious experience of emotion occurs..
independently of autonomic arousal
after autonomic arousal
simultaneously with autonomic arousal
before autonomic arousal
20
The hypothalamus influences or regulates all of the following except...
memory
feeding
the autonomic nervous system
the endocrine system
21
Your GPA is an example of which measure of central tendency?
median
midpoint
mean
mode
22
A student's organized set of expectations on how a professor should act is an example of a..
schema
script
semantic network
chunk
23
A worker who is paid every Friday for completing his 40-hour work week is being paid on a...
fixed-ratio schedule
variable-ratio schedule
fixed-interval schedule
variable-interval schedule
24
People who have hormonal imbalances have problems with their...
leftbrain/right brain communication
endocrine system
limbic system
reticular formation
25
The assumption of a preoperational child that a car is moving because she is in it demonstrates
egocentrism
centration
conservation
reversibility
26
The structure of the ear that transduces sound vibrations into nerve impulses is the...
oval window
cochlea
temporal lobe
stirrup
27
Rehearsal is most beneficial for maintaining information in _______ memory.
intermediate-term
long-term
sensory
short-term
28
Which technique would be most useful for locating specific neurotransmitters in the brain?
electrographic tomography
computerized tomography
positron emission tomography
magnetic resonance imaging
29
An antagonist...
extends the absolute refractory period
blocks the action of neurotransmitters
prevents reuptake of neurotransmitters
mimics the action of a neurotransmitter
30
In which level of processing is an emphasis placed on the sounds of words?
mnemonic
phonemic
morphemic
platonic
31
The school of psychology associated with understanding the purpose of behavior is...
functionalism
behaviorism
psychoanalysis
neodynamism
32
A rat learns to press a bar to turn off an electric shock. This is an example of...
an unconditioned response
escape learning
positive reinforcement
avoidance learning
33
Learning that is not apparent from behavior when it first occurs is known as...
classical conditioning
latent learning
operant conditioning
insight learning
34
In the Little Albert experiment, the conditioned stimulus was the...
loud noise
rat
rabbit
fear reaction
35
The characteristic mood, activity level, and emotional reactivity of an infant is their...
attachment
behavioral quality
temperament
personality
36
What is somnambulism?
difficulty breathing when asleep
sleep-talking
sleep-walking
difficulty remaining asleep
37
Which brain structure is most closely related to regulating emotions?
reticular formation
brainstem
limbic system
cerebellum
38
The minimum stimulus intensity of any sensory input that an organism can detect is called the..
sensory memory
just noticeable difference
absolute threshold
subliminal threshold
39
What appears to be responsible for regulating circadian rhythm?
exposure to light
amount of time awake
amount of time alseep
cultural practices
40
The sensory receptors for smell are referred to as...
sciatic receptors
gustatory bulbs
olfactory cilia
smell buds
41
Which statistical method is used to determine the reliability of a test?
means
standard deviation
correlation coefficients
percentiles
42
The wavelength of light mainly affects our perception of...
saturation
light purity
color
brightness
43
Tension reduction is the goal of which motivational theory?
incentive theory
drive theory
instinct theory
evolutionary theory
44
Mary Ainsworth's strategy for studying infant attachment is known as the __________ procedure.
attachment probing
strange situation
secure-avoidant
shared inhibition
45
The largely unconscious reactions used to protect us from guilt and anxiety are known as...
coping mechanisms
id mechanisms
offense mechanisms
defense mechanisms
46
Expectations about what is appropriate behavior for each sex most accurately describes...
gender differences
gender stereotypes
gender roles
gender behaviors
47
Negative reinforcement involves...
the presentation of an unpleasant stimulus
the presentation of a pleasant stimulus
the removal of an unpleasant stimulus
the removal of a pleasant stimulus
48
Which type of intelligence involves the ability to apply acquired knowledge in problem solving?
episodic
crystallized
fluid
procedural
49
Five-year-old Bob washes his bike after seeing his father was his car, demonstrating...
positive reinforcement
classical conditioning
observational learning
superstitious behavior
50
When people overestimate the frequency of violent crimes because these events are on TV, they..
use the elimination by aspects strategy
use a holistic decision model
are using the representativeness heuristic
are using the availability heuristic
51
Substances such as viruses and drugs that can harm a developing fetus are known as...
opiates
teratogens
prenatals
pathogens
52
A perceptual set implies that...
visual perception is based on bottom-up processing
people often see what they expect to see
feature analysis is a "hard-wired" process
the focused-attention stage of processing is overridden
53
If a teacher gives an exam with questions that were not covered in class, the test lacks..
criterion-related validity
standardized validity
content validity
predictive validity
54
The function of sensory memory is to...
hold sensory impressions long enough for transfer
hold information for a lifetime
hold the immediate perception of what was perceived
put information into long-term memory
55
Voluntary responses come to be controlled by their consequences in what type of learning?
observational learning
classical conditioning
reinforcement
operant conditioning
56
After having his first ice cream cone yesterday, Dave keeps asking for ice cream, demonstrating
semantic slanting
fast-mapping
metalinguistic awareness
overextension
57
The process of selectively reinforcing responses that are closer to the desired response is..
stimulus discrimination
selection
step-wise conditioning
shaping
58
What kind of validity do the ACT and SAT strive for?
criterion-related
absolute
construct
content
59
What is cognitive dissonance?
a state of tension produced by inconsistent cognitions
feelings of guilt produced by acting against your conscience
feeling of discomfort experienced by receivers of persuasion
occurs only when cognitions are unrelated
60
The test you are currently taking is an example of what kind of test?
an intelligence test
a personality test
an achievement test
an aptitude test
61
Multiple-choice tests use what measure of memory?
recognition
recall
reiteration
relearning
62
At which stage do people use a personal code of ethics to guide their moral reasoning?
preconventional
postconventional
conventional
concrete
63
Conditioned taste aversions represent an unusual or atypical example of...
punishment
operant conditioning
classical conditioning
observational learning
64
If you were awakened during REM sleep, you would probably report that you had...
not really been asleep
a headache
been dreaming
not been dreaming
65
An electroencephalograph is used in sleep research to measure brain-wave activity in the...
corpus callosum
cerebral cortex
medulla
hypothalamus
66
Sleep spindles are characteristic of which stage of the sleep cycle?
stage 1
REM
stage 2
stage 4
67
According to the notion of semantic networks, which word pair should be linked most closely?
boat-goat
fill-feed
car-nose
tree-bird
68
The hypothalamus communicates with the endocrine system by way of the..
sebaceous gland
pituitary gland
thyroid gland
pancreas
69
A valid test is one that...
has been standardized but not normed
measures what it is supposed to measure
is consistent
is reliable
70
The facial feedback hypothesis suggests that...
you can affect how you feel by making a certain expression
other people can identify your emotions by your expressions
a facial expression is just a sign of internal feelings
the internal state causes the facial expression
71
The amygdala plays a role in the modulation of which emotion?
happiness
surprise
fear
sadness
72
Although Sheri falls asleep easily, she has difficulty remaining asleep. Sheri suffers from..
pseudoinsomnia
sleep apnea
narcolepsy
insomnia
73
Unusually vivid and detailed recollections of momentous events are called...
non-declarative memories
sensory memories
episodic memories
flashbulb memories
74
The most optimistic view of human nature is found in the ________ approach.
humanistic
psychoanalytic
cognitive
behavioral
75
The gradual disappearance of an operant response that is no longer being reinforced is called..
extinction
unconditioning
conditioned forgetting
spontaneous remission
76
The gambler's fallacy reflects the influence of the...
representativeness heuristic
availability heuristic
conjunction heuristic
law of small numbers
77
The production of speech is controlled by which area of the frontal lobe?
Sperry's area
Broca's area
Wernicke's area
Cannon's area
78
Which of the following is not one of the intelligence types described by Gardner?
logical-mathemathical
musical
spatial
mechanical
79
The area of psychology referring to mental processes or thinking is known as...
mentalism
cognition
intelligence
introspection
80
The chemicals that are secreted from the terminal buttons into the synapse are...
action potentials
agonists
neurotransmitters
antagonists
81
In Pavlov's experiment, the unconditioned stimulus was the...
food/meat powder
tone
salivation
light
82
Watson defined psychology as the scientific study of...
the brain
conscious experience
the unconscious
behavior
83
Focusing awareness on a narrowed range of stimuli or events defines...
processing
attention
sensation
perception
84
Common side effects of ____ include mood swings, aggression, and impaired mental functioning.
alcohol
narcotics
sedatives
cannabis
85
Slot machines increase gambling behavior through the use of...
a non-contingent reinforcement schedule
an intermittent reinforcement schedule
a continuous reinforcement schedule
a short-delay reinforcement schedule
86
When Bob hits his thumb with a hammer, the sensation will be transmitted to the CNS by...
autonomic nerves
sympathetic nerves
efferent nerves
afferent nerves
87
The ability to generate ideas that are original, novel, and useful defines...
creativity
intelligence
insight
reasoning
88
The superego is Freud's term for...
the conscious aspect of personality
the mediating agent between the id and ego
the moral component of personality
the biological impulses that drive behavior
89
In order for a memory to be stored, it must first be..
modeled
retrieved
ablated
encoded
90
The gate-control theory suggests that incoming pain sensations may be blocked at the...
spinal cord
cortex
thalamus
location of injury
91
A drug that depresses central nervous system activity is referred to as...
a hallucinogen
a narcotic
a sedative
an amphetamine
92
Classical conditioning could account for how a child learns to...
tie shoe laces
sing a song
fear the dark
print letters
93
The tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon can best be described as an instance of...
complete retrieval failure
partial storage
partial retrieval
complete storage failure
94
Potty training is a key challenge in which of Erikson's stages of development?
autonomy vs. shame & doubt
trust vs. mistrust
industry vs. inferiority
initiative vs. guilt
95
Severing the reticular formation in cats caused them to
remain in continuous sleep
become fearful/cautious
remain in continuous wakefulness
become aggressive
96
According to the five-factor model, people who score _____ tend to be trusting and cooperative.
high in neuroticism
low in extraversion
low in openness
high in agreeableness

5/14 Ap Psychology Review Flashcards | StudBud