QM Unit 1 Opportunity Part 2

a radiation safety officer is normally a

this image is an example of

indicates likelihood of a patient obtaining a negative diagnosis when no disease is present. aka TN fraction

the consistency of reproducibility of a result; sometimes known as precision

this chart is a variation of a histogram, basically a bar graph in order

The Gaussian Distribution is the basis of

frequent or continuous exposure limit is _____ per year; infrequent exposure limit is _____ per year

wireless DR image receptors can suffer from this type of artifact from outside electronic devices

those being studied that are countable

the number of times a particular variable occurs during measurement

the difference between the measured value and the true value

improper image brightness & contrast can also be caused by nonparallel collimation in some CR systems. What caused this?

a characteristic to be observed/ measured

who regulates the manufacture and design of xray equipment and also certifies mammo sevices for reimbursement?

follow up test result reveals patient does not have disease despite image diagnosis

embryonic/fetal dose is _____ for entire gestation and ____ in any 1 month of gestation.

modified trend chart with upper and lower control limits added

demonstrates if relationship exists between two variables

occurs when PSP crystals are removed from the image plate due to overuse

what is the maximum exposure limit for all body parts except the lens of the eye?

illustrates numerical proportion/percentages

improper image brightness & contrast can also be caused by gross overexposure aka

malfunction of laser in image reader unit or dirt/ foreign object on light collection guide in reader

in DR, variations in electronic connections such as TFT results in differences in brightness values that can be seen

the probability of having the disease, given a positive test

advantages of Repeat Analysis include reduced department repeat rate,

the ability to measure what is supposed to be measured; sometimes known as validity

probability of not having the disease, given a negative test result

ensure performance is acceptable & provide education and resources for performance imporvement

dark bands at the interfaces of structures that differ widely in brightness level, often w/ barium & metal prosthesis

which report discusses personnel and visitor protection; whole body dose, exposure limits, cardinal principles T, D, S

what are the 2 types of measurement errors?

those being studied that have an infinite measurable range of mathematical possible values

decrease in image contrast due ot image receptor being more sensitive to scattered radiation

name the artifact

blotchy appearance of image due to insufficient mAs (sometimes referred to as image noise)

improper image brightness & contrast: one cause can be wrong preprocessing algorithm being utilized. What caused this?

image plate is exposed a second time before it is processed, results in both images being lost

which report expresses the use of high kVp, low mAs exposure factors; ALARA. Also discusses radiation safety in fluoro

the difference between the highest and lowest values

Moire or zebra pattern, caused by sampling error or grid error

who enforces equipment standards and radiation safety practices - allows states to regulate if agreement is established

dirt and debris located on CR image plate or DR active matrix array, can be light areas on processed image

systematic or nonrandom difference between the true value of a property and individual measurements

the set group of all the items of interest

what kind of graph is this

who establishes safety standards for workplace including occupational exposure to radiation, handling & disposal etc.

the point where half of values are above and half are below

provide for and include measures of patient comfort

the number of items actually being measured from a population

caused by malfunction of dry laser printer; 2 types are "shading" and "corduroy" artifact

those that are manipulated to see if they change dependent variables

a measure of the spread/disbursement of values in a data set (the square of standard deviation)

what are the cardinal principles of radiation protection?

the range of variation or dispersion surrounding the mean

radiologists can ______ ______ images

image blur caused by image plate exposed to intense heat prior to processing brightness (CR)

Follow-up test result reveals that image diagnosis was correct

the value that occurs most often in the data set aka frequency

the ____ measures the average of the values

maximum exposure limit for eye lens is ______ per year

those that are studied to see if they change

causal/total department repeat rates should not exceed __-__%; rates above ___% should be investigated

determine method, responsibility and location of QM records

image diagnosis is negative and confirmed by follow up testing

meaningful numbers or information

name the artifact

risk analysis, written policies & procedures, employee education, periodic inspection, and record keeping make up

The mathematical science pertaining to the collection, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of data

establish procedures for corrective action

anything on a finished radiograph that is not part of the patient's anatomy

total percentage of repeats for entire department

percentage of repeats that occur from a specific cause

This measures how well the imaging system converts SNR² incident on the detector into SNR² in the image, range from 0-1

caused by incomplete erasure of imaging plate in CR systems, appear in DR systems when not enough time between images

errors caused by factors such as malfunctioning equipment, not correcting for outside influences, or poor data

this type of artifact will show a pattern of the cassette back

errors caused by statistical flucuations or uncertainties, aka indeterminate errors

scratches, scuff marks, or cracks in image plate can cause

those that have only 2 opposing choices

image diagnosis is negative but follow up testing shows presence of disease

how many agreement states do we currently have?

can be caused by nonfunctioning detector elements in DR systems, rough handling or wireless DR cassettes can damage them

indicates likelihood of obtaining a positive diagnosis in a patient with the disease. aka TP fraction

the central position of a sample frequency, most often measured by these options: mean, median, & mode

also called a run chart or a run-sequence plot

establish and monitor communication flow

maximum whole body effective dose equivalent is _______ per year

determine benchmarks and levels of acceptability for diagnosis, image quality, radiographs per exam, radiation per exam