BJU Earth Science Chapter 12

Plucking is the movement of large rocks in a streambed.

A large mass of ice (mostly of recrystallized snow) moves under the influence of gravity is called

Most of the sediment load in a stream is

Type of Weathering: humic acid from decaying plants

A method of erosion control by plowing & planting hilly areas in horizontal rows that follow the hill shapes

Erosion Agent that causes…deltas

Water plays an important role in both mechanical and chemical weathering.

Biological weathering happens only through chemical weathering.

Wind breaks prevent erosion by reducing wind speed at the ground level.

Turbulent water and air can carry more sediments than calmer water and air can.

Deflation can create desert pavement.

From a young-earth point of view, it is unlikely that any of the original created soils remain today following

The advance or retreat of a single glacier is not a reliable sign of __________ on a large scale.

Any fertile soil must contain __________.

Topsoil is found in the __________ layer of soil.

Soil forms faster in the tropics than it does in the mountains.

The well-mixed combination of rocks, pebbles, sand, and silt carried by glaciers is called glacial __________.

a layer of soil resulting from the weathering of bedrock

What is formed when water chemically combines with carbon dioxide?

a bowl-shaped depression caused by strong winds carrying away all the loose materials from an area

Valuable topsoil containing equal parts sand and silt with about half as much clay is called __________.

Type of Weathering: warmth and moisture speeding up reactions between natural acids and minerals

Which of the following agents is always involved in mass wasting?

a steep, hollow excavation made by glacial erosion in a mountain

Type of Weathering: talus

Plucking is a type of erosion caused by __________.

Counting ___ in glacier deposits is an unreliable method that some scientists use for dating glacial sediments.

Which of the following is listed in the order that the processes occur?

When a weathered rock is split open, you can often tell the amount of weathering by differences in __________.

Of the following conditions, which is the most favorable for chemical weathering?

A type of mass wasting that moves quickly, but slips just a short distance is __________.

A triangular-shaped area of fertile deposits found where a large river enters the ocean is called a(n)

An alluvial fan is like a river delta on land.

Some glaciers can be found near the Equator, but only in high mountains.

The layers of soil are called __________.

Type of Weathering: frost heaving

When the mineral feldspar reacts with carbonic acid, __________ is formed.

Erosion Agent that causes…sand dunes

The chemical balance of soils in rainy climates tends to be __________.

When two or more glaciers merge and spread out onto a plain at the base of a mountain range

The pothole-like depression in the ground moraine that remains when a block of glacial ice melts

The process in which layers of rock flake off to form rounded boulders is called __________.

The size of boulders and rocks that a stream can carry is determined by the volume of flowing water.

An esker in a flat glaciated plain marks the bed of a stream that flowed under a glacier.

a hill or ridge of windblown sand

Weathered rock debris found at the base of a cliff is called __________.

Decayed, organic matter in soil is called __________.

A soil scientist is a __________.

Animals and plants help soil fertility by

The formation of a delta is most closely related to the process of __________.

Long, streamlined hills composed of unsorted glacial till are called __________.

A sand dune advances when wind erodes the upwind side of the dune and deposits the sand on the __________ side.

Erosion Agent that causes… alluvial fans

Alluvial fans and river deltas are examples of sediment __________ by streams.

A narrow blade or ridge of rock that remains standing between two glaciated valleys is called a(n)

The general term for all downhill movement of rocks and soil due to gravity is called __________.

Rock materials that eventually pile up along the sides of a glacier form terminal moraines.

As a rule, it takes at least 200 years in most places to produce one inch of high-quality soil.

Erosion Agent that causes…fjords

Most soils begin with the weathering of __________.

Type of Weathering: carbonic acid from the atmosphere

a layer of debris carried away from the terminus of a glacier, sorted and deposited by meltwater

Unwise farming methods can quickly make a piece of agricultural land __________.

The quantity of sediment that a stream carries is called its __________.

a winding ridge of sorted sediments deposited by a meltwater stream flowing beneath a glacier

It is possible that an area could have soil that is chemically unrelated to the native bedrock beneath it.

Erosion Agent that causes…ventifacts

all deposits of sediments left by a glacier

You can still see the original created soils in a few limited places in the world.

The strip of till that separates two glacial valleys is a __________ moraine.

the upward thrust of rocks above the ground’s surface through the expansion of water freezing underground

a glaciated valley that ocean water has entered

the slow movement of land surface that may cause fence posts to lean

Counting varves is a reliable method of dating glacial lake sediments.

Loess is another name for the sediment in a sand dune.

a pointed mountain peak eroded by glaciers from several sides

Erosion Agent that causes…avalanches

An avalanche is not considered mass wasting because it involves only ice and snow.

Loess deposits are thought to have been formed by the action of __________.

Erosion Agent that causes…mass wasting

Which of the following is a method of soil conservation used today?

The OT Sabbath principle of leaving fields fallow for one year out of seven aided the fertility of Israelite farms.

the rapid movement of a large mass of earth materials down a steep slope

Grass and shrubs can hold slumped ground together as it moves.

All soils have three horizons that have weathered from native bedrock.

No-till farming prevents erosion by not breaking ground cover until seeds are planted.

Mechanical weathering happens when weathering agents change the composition of rocks.

Efforts to wisely use soil and reduce erosion fall under the category of __________.

Erosion Agent that causes…moraines

Deflation is to desert pavements as __________ is to ventifacts.

Erosion Agent that causes…abrasion

When water enters a crack in a rock, expands as it freezes, and cracks the rock, what has occurred?

Carbon dioxide and water are often involved in chemical weathering.

Soil in rainy climates is basically the same as that of dry climates.

Type of Weathering: exfoliation