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National Counselor Exam Questions
Flashcards
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1
The researcher who is known for his work with maternal deprivation and isolation in monkeys is:
Harry Harlow.
all of the above.
LawrenceKohlberg.
John Bowlby.
2
You find yourself sexually attracted to a client. This is known as
ambivalent transference
positive transference
countertransference
negative transference
3
Mark wants to stamp out porn. He is involved in this cause so that he can view the material:
rationalization
reaction formation
projection
introjection
4
The tendency to affiliate with others...
is highest in dysthymics.
is highest in the middle child.
is based on hormonal output.
is highest in firstborns and only children
5
In social psychology, the
sleeper effect
asserts that:
REM sleep facilitates insight.
one forgets the communicator but remembers the message.
sleep learning facilitates social skills.
one remembers the communicator but forgets the message.
6
Which is more important, validity or reliability?
They are equally important.
Validity
It depends on the test in question.
Reliability
7
The fear of death:
is greatest during middle age.
is an almost exclusively male phenomenon
surprisingly enough occurs in the teen years.
the number one psychiatric problem in the geriatric years
8
A valid test is _______ reliable.
80%
never
not always
always
9
Talking about difficulties in order to purge emotions is a curative process known as:
resistance
catharsis, or abreaction.
accurate empathy
reflection of emotional content.
10
When development comes to a halt, counselors say that the client:
d. is displaying the risky shift phenomenon.
c. suffers from fixation.
a. has “learned helplessness” syndrome.
b. suffers from a phobia.
11
Regardless of culture, the popular individual
dresses in the latest styles.
values race over ethnicity.
has good social skills.
never possesses a modal personality.
12
In girls the Oedipus complex may be referred to as:
a. systematic desensitization.
d. the Electra complex.
c. in vivo desensitization.
b. covert desensitization.
13
In Piagetian literature, conservation would most likely refer to:
b. defenses of the ego.
d. a specific psychosexual stage of life.
c. the sensorimotor intelligence stage.
a. volume or mass.
14
Freud postulated psychosexual stages:
manifest, latent, oral, and phallic.
oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital
eros, thanatos, regression, and superego.
id, ego, and superego.
15
The NCE is:
a personality test.
an aptitude test.
an intelligence test.
an achievement test.
16
Experts firmly believe that a common weakness in many groups is:
a lack of goal setting.
setting too many goals.
using a male and a female coleader.
that the leader uses a democratic style.
17
John Bowlby’s name is most closely associated with...
the unconscious mind.
developmental stage theories
the work of psychologist and pediatrician, Arnold Gesell
bonding and attachment
18
A client who's incorporated his father’s values (good or bad) into his beliefs is a product of:
displacement
rationalization
introjection
rationalization
19
A counselor who is alcoholic and suffering from burnout could best be described as:
an impaired professional.
a mesomorph
wise to use his experiences to help others.
a paraprofessional
20
In the United States, each socioeconomic group represents:
a separate national culture
a separate race
the silent middle class
a separate culture
21
Ethnocentrism:
is a genetic term.
uses one’s own culture as a yardstick to measure all others.
means race
22
Skinner’s operant conditioning is also referred to as
learning via insight
instrumental learning
cognitive learning
classical conditioning
23
Trust versus mistrust is:
Erikson’s first stage of psychosocial development
essentially equivalent to Piaget’s concept of egocentrism
an Adlerian notion of morality.
the basis of morality according to Kohlberg.
24
Most ethical dilemmas are related to:
testing.
diagnosis
research.
confidentiality
25
A leader who wishes to stop inappropriate discussion should rely on...
clarification.
liking.
blocking.
summarization.
26
All of these theorists could be associated with the analytic movement except:
Wolpe
Jung
Freud
Adler
27
In psychoanalytic family therapy the word object means:
transference
a dream.
countertransference
a significant other with whom a child wishes to bond.
28
A family that is stable and reaches an equilibrium is in a state of:
adaptability
enmeshment
homeostasis
Nonsummativity
29
An expert who has reviewed the literature on TV and violence would conclude that:
what adults see as violent, children perceive as caring.
watching violence tends to make children more aggressive.
watching violence makes children less aggressive.
in reality TV has no impact on a child’s behavior.
30
A client would generally feel the most suspicious of others in...
the final stage of separation or termination.
the group formation/exploratory stage.
a group with co-leadership, also known as co-facilitation.
the intimacy stage.
31
Gestalt therapists sometimes utilize the exaggeration experiment which most closely resembles:
paraphrasing with emotional reflection.
freeassociation
successive approximation
paradox as practiced by Frankl, Haley, or Erickson.
32
Today, the Stanford-Binet IQ test is
a standardized measure.
a projective measure.
a nonstandardized measure.
33
Cognitive dissonance research deals mainly with:
attraction
cognition and attitude formation.
cognitions and emotion.
34
Experiential conjoint family therapy is closely related to the work of:
Jay Haley.
Salvador Minuchin, the father of structural family therapy.
Virginia Satir
AlbertEllis.
35
When a counselor speaks of a probable outcome in a case, he or she is technically referring to
attending behavior
the prognosis.
the intervention
the diagnosis
36
In a projective test the client is shown...
something which is highly reinforcing.
neutral stimuli.
something that is highly charged from an emotional place
a and b.
37
A counselor who utilizes the term
instinctual
technically means:
behavior results from unconscious aggression.
behavior that manifests in all members of a species
women will show the behavior to a higher degree thanmen.
38
_______ is behavioral sex therapy.
classical vegotherapy
sensate focus
conditionedreflextherapy
orgone box therapy
39
Freud postulated psychosexual stages:
oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital.
manifest, latent, oral, and phallic.
eros, thanatos, regression, and superego.
id, ego, and superego
40
The sequence of object loss that goes from protest to despair to detachment, is the work of:
Erikson.
Adler on birth order.
Freud.
Bowlby.
41
The word dynamic means the group is
defined in an operational manner
normal.
static.
always changing.
42
In the 1920s, Emory Bogardus developed a social distance scale which evaluated:
socioeconomic trends
how an individual felt toward other ethnic groups.
language barriers between Black people and Asian people.
disadvantaged youth
43
Cloe Madanes and Jay Haley are associated with the _______ school of family counseling.
psychodynamic
object relations
behavioral
strategic
44
Shoulds and oughts are _______ according to Ellis.
musturbations
rational
masturbations
awfulizations
45
The trait-and-factor approach fails to take _______ into account:
job requirements.
individual change throughout the life span.
relevant psychometric data.
personality.
46
The zone of proximal development
a, b, and c
was pioneered by Lev Vygotsky.
emphasized organ inferiority.
was pioneered by Piaget and Kohlberg.
47
In a healthy group, members...
have no roles.
assume a role and never change it.
are flexible and can change roles.
spend a great deal of time practicing role reversal.
48
Formal diagnosis, also known as nosology, is most closely related to the _______ model.
behavioral
cognitive-behavioral.
rational-emotive behavior therapy.
medical
49
State laws can govern title usage and practice, however, they
do not
govern:
licensure
accreditation
involuntary commitment to state psychiatric facilities.
counselor licensure
50
The MMPI-2 is:
a neurological test.
a standardized personality test.
a projective personality test.
an IQ test.
51
Robert Kegan speaks of a “holding environment” in counseling in which...
biofeedback training is highly recommended.
the activity of meaning making is discouraged.
the client is urged to relive a trauma in an encounter group
the client can make meaning and can find new direction.
52
A reliable test is _______ valid.
not always
80%.
always
90%.
53
Jean Piaget’s theory has four stages. The correct order from stage 1 to stage 4 is:
formal, preoperations, concrete, sensorimotor.
concrete, sensorimotor, preoperations, formal operations.
sensorimotor, preoperations, concrete, formal operations.
formal operations, concrete, preoperations, sensorimotor.
54
_______ emphasized the drive for superiority...
Adler.
Jung.
Freud and Jung.
Constructivist therapists.
55
A group member who asks other members inappropriate questions is known as a Peeping Tom or:
an interrogator.
a scapegoat.
a follower.
an energizer.
