BIO242 exam 2

the order of the pharynx structures is naso/laryngo/oropharynx.

the thymus gland is where T lymphocytes migrate to develop into full maturity & thymosin confers specificity.

what is synthesized by platelets to form a web that traps erythrocytes to form a blood clot?

which uses intrinsic control?

which is not one of the formed elements?

what organ initiates immune response when antigens are found in the blood & serve as a reservoir blood cells?

alveolar macrophages may be fixed or free and engulf microorganisms.

which leukocyte induces inflammation, contributes to allergic reactions, and secretes histamine/heparin?

the cisterna chyli drains lymph from structures superior to the diaphragm.

what happens to heme from hemoglobin breakdown?

annular ligaments, tracheal cartilage, and trachealis muscle support the trachea.

T lymphocytes finish development in the thymus gland.

what structure of the nasal cavity would be after the nasal septum?

Peyer's Patches is needed due to high presence of/exposure to microorganisms.

B cells & NK cells begin developing in the marrow.

what has the following function: B & T lymphocytes carry out immune functions/macrophages engulf old blood cells/debris?

what is the function of lymph nodes?

what has the following function: relaxation of smooth muscle triggers bronchodilation.

alveolar volume increases/Palv decreases/pressure gradient drives air into lungs, describes what action?

which type of breathing has muscles that contract and work to decrease thoracic volume?

coagulation is when blood is converted into a solid gel cells a clot or thrombus.

which leukocyte performs phagocytosis, is an agranulocytes, and exists the bloodstream to become macrophages?

what do the following structures make up: capsule, trabeculae, cortex, medulla, reticular tissue.

which anticoagulant would inhibit fibrin formation?

afferent vessels bring lymph to a lymph node.

which alveoli cell is abundant simple squamous that promotes rapid diffusion of gasses?

what is false about alveolar pressure?

which has the following function: secreted product makes tunica interna sticky & attracts platelets.

Boyle's Law proposes that pressure in inversely related to mass/can change alveolar pressure by expanding lungs.

what blood cells can present antigens?

which cell responds to chemical distress signals, attacks virus-infected/compromised/cancerous cells

tonsils collect & destroy viruses and other pathogens that enter the throat.

which has the following function: macrophages phagocytize foreign substances in the blood.

which lymphocyte attacks a wide variety of infectious microbes & is also known as the Null cells?

what is not a leukocyte

which lymphocyte develops into plasma cells that secrete antibodies that attack bacteria?

what type of breathing uses sternocleidomastoid/scalenes/pectoralis minor/serratus posterior superior/erector spinae?

MALT is clusters of lymphoid tissue in mucous membranes that trap & sample antigens.

what prevents the spread of a platelet plug?

which pressure is inside the pleural sac/always negative under normal conditions/at rest is -4 mm Hg?

which is not a structure of the upper respiratory tract?

what is the "universal donor"?

what is the "Adam's Apple"?

what do the alveoli do during inspiration?

helper T-cells present antigens.

which is not one of the lymphatic trunks?

what is not contained in the red pulp?

terminal bronchioles feed into the respiratory bronchioles.

what happens to iron from hemoglobin breakdown?

thrombin is synthesized from which of the following?

T-iron is spleen bound.

interferons help to protect us by diffusing to other nearby cells and triggering them to produce antiviral proteins.

what drains lymph from most of the body?

which leukocyte performs phagocytosis, 50-80% of leukocytes, becomes macrophages, increase in count during infections?

which is not a cartilage found in the larynx?

which is not a function of complimentary proteins?

what organ breaks down old red blood cells?

the 2 types of T cells from lymphocytes are memory T cells and cytotoxic T cells.

which cell of the mucociliary escalator produces mucus so that inhaled debris gets out and does not enter the lungs?

what blood cells can present antigens?

the types of lymphocytes are T cells, B cells, and NK cells.

what is not a structure that is drained by the right lymphatic duct?

which lymphocyte is associated with antibodies and activates & divides to form plasma and memory cells?

which lymphatic trunk would drain the deep thoracic structures?

what is not one of the anticoagulants?

which is false about erythrocytes?

what is the role of hemoglobin?

ciliated cells transport mucus by moving mucus up so debris is coughed out.

what happens to bilirubin from hemoglobin breakdown?

all leukocytes develop from myeloid stem cells.

which of the following does not cause bronchodilation?

which leukocyte defends against parasitic invaders, 1-4% of leukocytes, and contains toxic molecules?

which zone conditions air by increasing temperature to body temperature & humidifying the air?

there are 3 lobar bronchi on the left and 2 lobar bronchi on the right.

would CO2 cause bronchodilation or bronchoconstriction?

plasma cells secrete antibodies that mark invaders for destruction and persist in the body after infection passes.

alveolar type II cells are almost cuboidal in shape and produce pulmonary surfactant, which decreases surface tension

what are the 3 steps, in order, for decreasing blood loss?

F-iron is liver bound.

epinephrine induces relaxation of smooth muscles to cause bronchodilation.

what are the 2 types of cells that make up the mucociliary escalator?

what type of breathing has muscles that increases thoracic cavity expansion when they contract?

what is the correct order of the types of lymphatic vessels?

which pressure decreases as altitude increases/increases underwater/pressure inside lungs is equal/0 mm Hg?

thrombomodulin converts coagulating factors to anticoagulants.

the nasopharynx is lined with a different type of epithelium than oro/laryngopharynx. which epithelium lines nasopharynx

which lymphocyte attacks virus-infected cells/cancer cells/transplanted tissue cells?

what happens to the globin from hemoglobin breakdown?

where does the right lymphatic duct drain lymph from?

which is not a quality of cytotoxic T cells?

where would you find the pharyngeal (adenoid) tonsil?

what type of breathing uses internal intercostals/abdominal muscles/transversus thoracis/serratus posterior inferior?

what is the "universal recipient"?